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A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND RELATED PRACTICES

AMONG THE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AT MADURAI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

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Vol 5 Issue 9 Oct 2015 ISSN No : 2230-7850

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ISSN 2230-7850 Volume - 5 | Issue - 9 | Oct - 2015

A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND RELATED

PRACTICES AMONG THE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AT
MADURAI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

G. Anbalagan
Ph.D. Research Scholar , Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University,
Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu.
Co - Author Details :

K. Shanthi
Ph.D. Research Guide ,Associate Professor, Dept. of Environmental Sciences,
PSG College of Arts & Sciences, Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu.

ABSTRACT
The Environmental issues are major
global problem of important concern. Due
to increasing human population and
developments in every sector, the
e nv i ro n m e nta l re l ate d i s s u e s a re
multiplying in the recent years with a
diversity of problems focusing the ultimate
n e e d fo r a l t e r n a t i v e s u s t a i n a b l e
technologies to safeguard our mother
nature. The human’s desire to modern
technologies and changing life style
patterns pose serious threat on the
environment and due to the fact, the
pollution levels are alarming day by day. In order to achieve the sustainable and equitable
developments, it is so significant to choose policies and programme that support efficient use of
resources and implement technologies which show the way to reduce the environmental damage,
thus result in sustainable development. The Schools are the place where numerous young minds are
inculcated values of education and related practices so as to develop future responsible citizens. In
India, Madurai is one of the important cultural heritages and tourist hot spot of the south India. The
city is facing numerous developments due to over population and other side there is a lack of
awareness on environment. The Vaigai river flowing through Madurai facing severe drought as it is a
major source for agricultural water supply in the district. The granite quarries around Madurai have
severely devastated natural mountains and water logging areas. Hence, safeguarding the natural
environment and biodiversity in the district of Madurai is in dire need for future sustainability as many
environmentally sound damages are alarming in the district. The present study focuses on the analysis
of level of environmental awareness among the school students in Madurai district and important
needs for suitable environmental friendly practices among the school students towards optimal use of
resources so as to develop the sense of responsibility towards eco-development and sustainability.
The youngster can work together to achieve the greening of Madurai through several innovative
sustainable practices and spreading awareness among the public for alternative resources of energy

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A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND RELATED PRACTICES AMONG THE HIGH SCHOOL.........

and protection of environment for the future needs.

KEYWORDS :Environment, population, pollution and sustainability .

INTRODUCTION:
The impacts of the environmental issues are affecting not only at the local level and it is global
problem of important phenomena. Many industrial and infrastructural developments, human
population growth and urbanization, plastic usage, electronic wastes, vehicular emissions, depletion of
biodiversity, contamination of pollutants in the water bodies, soil and atmospheric pollution have
devastated the natural environment causing severe ill health effects on human beings. Many
developed countries are slowly finding several alternative and innovative technologies to minimize the
effects of pollution and optimal utilization of the natural sources. In the recent years, several places
around the world have been devastated due to natural disasters, heavy floods and extreme climate
change effects have affected several lives. The students should be inculcated the effective and optimal
use of our natural resources and energy to safeguard our mother nature and also to revisit the
traditional practices in conserving our resources in order to attain sustainability in all levels and healthy
feature. There is a dire need of environmental awareness on every aspects of the environment and
conservation of natural resources and biodiversity so as to produce socially responsible citizens of the
tomorrow. The present study has attempted the need of the environmental awareness among the
school students at the Madurai district of Tamil Nadu to create better and sustainable environmentally
sound practices in the society as the Madurai is one of the old heritage and cultural city in the southern
part of Tamil Nadu having attracted many tourists from all parts of the country. The greening of the city
and its villages around can contribute enormously to reduce the carbon content in the atmospheric air
thus may result in curtailing climate changes and better purification of air. Further many rivers and
water bodies around Madurai are facing severe drought and ground water level is alarming, due to
excessive usage. In order to bring back the originality of environment in Madurai district, lot of efforts
needs to be in place at all levels. Creating better environmental practices among the school students is
one of such initiative to achieve environmental protection by inculcating moral values and sustainable
practices among them to develop as role model in the society.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

Impacts of globalization have a wide range of environmental issues, including climate change,
biodiversity, industrial pollution and waste management. The objective of this study fosters innovative
strategies and strives for the development of a new generation of environmental friendly citizens that
will bring morale to the society to boost environmental awareness. The following are the objective of
the study.

• To assess the Environmental Awareness potential of the students on the basis of different
environmental problems.
• To suggest proactive roles of National Green Corps, Eco clubs, Green clubs and other similar
innovative measures in schools in building environmental awareness and sustainable action in the
society to solve the environmental problems.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Many research studies have already promulgates there is significance difference between the

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A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND RELATED PRACTICES AMONG THE HIGH SCHOOL.........

environmental knowledge and filed behavior of the school students at various places. The exponential
booming of industries, crowded cities, heavy vehicular congestions and open disposal and burning of
garbages are converging to make our cities most polluted nowadays. So many children are facing lung
diseases due to breathe of polluted toxic air. The open sewerages, dumping of plastics and food wastes
are alarming heavy pollution effects on humans in particular at urban areas. The impact of climate
change is well reflected due to the loss of biodiversity, draining of rivers, scarcity of water resources and
wetlands. The Stockholm Conference (UN) on Human Environment (1972) has trusted the need of
Environmental education at all levels in order to motivate the public on environmental knowledge
awareness. The conferences on EE held at Belgrade (1975) and Tbilisi (1977) has stressed the need of
developing basic concepts, environmental knowledge, attitude and skill oriented participation.
According to Indian context, the 1st International conference on EE was held at New Delhi in 1980 and
thereafter 2nd conference in 1985. According to Sharma (2004), the EE at the level of Higher secondary
school stage shall be effective teaching, practical field oriented for assimilation of knowledge,
identification of the problem leads to action oriented skills. Environmental awareness implies
knowledge about environment and inculcates values and required skills to solve environmental issues
and it is a initial step leading to carry responsible citizenship behavior (Sengupta, Das and Maji, 2010).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND FRAMEWORK:

The research work aimed to assess the level of environmental awareness and the existing
environmental friendly activities among the students of High Schools. The study is primarily based on
the field level survey from the students in the predefined questionnaire on different environmental
issues. Madurai is the traditional and tourism spot in the south India with several heritages and rich in
biodiversity. The field study was based on random selection of data for survey. Teacher volunteers from
the selected schools were nominated for collection of survey data from students and about 600
students have responded for the questionnaire. Among the whole district, about eight schools were
selected for such purpose and 200 students were covered from each school for the study. The below
table-1 displays the summary of data obtained from schools at Madurai District.

Table – 1
S.No Name of School Class Number of
of samples
Study Boys Girls
1. CSI Pasumalai Hr. Sec. School, Madurai VII 100 100
2. Kendriya Vidhyalaya Hr. Sec. School, Tiruparankundram, VIII 100 100
Madurai
3. Sri Visalakshi Mills High School, Vilangudi, Madurai XI 100 100

The responses of the students were collected in the predefined questionnaire consisting 15
topics of environmentally sound nature to assess the awareness of the students and each topic has five
sensitive type questions of local environmental issues and also global issues with the responses in form
of YES, NO and Not Decided tick mark options. The below listed topics were suitably covered in the
questionnaire to elicit the option of students on environmental problems and the nature of response to
be taken towards sustainable future.

1.ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS – GENERAL ISSUES

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A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND RELATED PRACTICES AMONG THE HIGH SCHOOL.........

2.WATER, SANITATION & WATER HARVESTING

3.AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE
4.BIODIVERSITY AND GREEN GARDENS
5.CONSERVATION OF ENERGY & RECYCLING OF WASTES
6.ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
7.PLASTICS AND ITS EFFECTS
8.NOISE POLLUTION
9.GLOBAL WARMING & OZONE DEPLETION
10.VERMICOMPOSTING & SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
11.DEFORESTATION AND URBANIZATION
12.DISASTER MANAGEMENT
13.ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY
14.NGC/ECO CLUBS & AWARENESS THROUGH ACTION
15.ECO FRIENDLY ACTIVITIES IN SCHOOL AND HOME

In order to sensitize the impact of the environmental problems and issues among the students
and to address the problems through local level initiatives like tree plantation, rain water harvesting,
energy savings, safeguarding of biodiversity, climate change, nature camping, disaster mitigation and
vermi-composting and waste management etc., their level of understanding, strategies followed,
outcome of belief and need of further developmental aspects and techniques have been tested for
their validity and reliability. The questionnaire responses received from the students were subjected to
statistical tests after checking the error free data.

DATA ANALYSIS:
As most of students from rural background and cannot able to read the questions in their own
vernacular language, a teacher has been nominated in each school to readout the questions in
vernacular language and the students were asked to mark their responses in the questionnaire on the
relevant questions. About 600 Students were responded to the questionnaire and the responses were
computed in excel format and data analysis was carried out through software SPSS 16.0 package
programme for windows. In this study, standard statistical techniques such as Mean (X), Standard
Deviation (Std. Dev.) and t-test were used in the analysis of the data. The level of significance for P value
was kept as 0.05. The level of significance has been decided by taking P values into consideration. The
environmental awareness level was administrated on a total number of 600 students in the high school
level at Madurai District. Three-Point Likert Scales was performed in assessing the attitude of
environmental awareness among the students and the results were displayed in the Table -2, 3 and 4.

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A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND RELATED PRACTICES AMONG THE HIGH SCHOOL.........

Table 2
VII STANDARD

‘t’
Std. Level of
Sl.No Variables Group Mean Test
Deviation Significance
Value
Boys 14.62 0.76
1 EA 6.30 0.001
Girls 13.52 1.35
Boys 13.52 1.59
2 WA & WH 1.85 No Significance
Girls 12.92 1.54
Boys 14.36 1.10
3 AP & CC 1.86 No Significance
Girls 13.84 1.39
Boys 14.20 1.27
4 BGG 3.69 0.01
Girls 12.88 1.99
Boys 13.64 1.22
5 CE & RW 0.471 No Significance
Girls 13.50 1.48
Boys 13.92 1.41
6 E&H 0.659 No Significance
Girls 13.72 1.82
Boys 13.72 1.24
7 P & IE 0.667 No Significance
Girls 13.52 1.64
Boys 12.98 1.37
8 NP 0.354 No Significance
Girls 13.08 1.38
Boys 14.04 1.24
9 GW & OD 0.207 No Significance
Girls 13.38 1.92
Boys 14.10 1.47
10 VC & SWM 1.68 No Significance
Girls 13.54 1.74
Boys 12.30 1.55
11 D&U 0.503 No Significance
Girls 12.12 2.07
Boys 14.08 1.30
12 DM 1.17 No Significance
Girls 13.66 2.04
Boys 13.82 1.27
13 EE & SA 0.218 No Significance
Girls 13.88 1.66
NCG ECO & Boys 13.90 1.71
14 1.09 No Significance
ATA Girls 13.44 2.05
Boys 13.12 1.36
15 ECO FRIENDLY 1.39 No Significance
Girls 13.56 1.72

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A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND RELATED PRACTICES AMONG THE HIGH SCHOOL.........

Table 3
VIII STANDARD

‘t’
Std. Level of
Sl.No Variables Group Mean Test
Deviation Significance
Value
Boys 12.52 0.88
1 EA 3.86 0.001
Girls 13.12 1.13
Boys 13.02 1.21
2 WA & WH 1.26 No Significance
Girls 13.29 1.15
Boys 13.47 0.96
3 AP & CC 2.31 0.5
Girls 13.85 1.13
Boys 13.35 0.94
4 BGG 1.36 No Significance
Girls 13.62 1.37
Boys 13.54 1.26
5 CE & RW 1.11 No Significance
Girls 13.83 1.16
Boys 13.61 0.79
6 E&H 1.45 No Significance
Girls 13.89 1.18
Boys 13.17 0.89
7 P & IE 3.10 0.01
Girls 13.78 1.03
Boys 13.41 0.87
8 NP 0.87 No Significance
Girls 13.22 1.18
Boys 13.32 0.83
9 GW & OD 2.38 0.5
Girls 13.76 1.18
Boys 13.12 1.06
10 VC & SWM 3.47 0.01
Girls 13.81 1.08
Boys 12.73 0.74
11 D&U 0.97 No Significance
Girls 12.92 1.08
Boys 13.76 1.25
12 DM 1.43 No Significance
Girls 14.02 0.96
Boys 12.79 1.29
13 EE & SA 4.15 0.001
Girls 13.62 1.33
NCG ECO & Boys 13.16 1.64
14 1.09 No Significance
ATA Girls 13.48 0.89
Boys 13.06 1.12
15 ECO FRIENDLY 1.08 No Significance
Girls 13.29 1.16

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A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND RELATED PRACTICES AMONG THE HIGH SCHOOL.........

Table 4
IX STANDARD

‘t’
Std. Level of
Sl.No Variables Group Mean Test
Deviation Significance
Value
Boys 14.38 0.95
1 EA 4.64 0.001
Girls 13.30 1.38
Boys 13.41 1.49
2 WA & WH 1.87 No Significance
Girls 12.79 1.59
Boys 14.31 1.10
3 AP & CC 1.87 No Significance
Girls 13.82 1.39
Boys 13.95 1.46
4 BGG 2.67 0.01
Girls 13.00 2.01
Boys 13.55 1.42
5 CE & RW 0.08 No Significance
Girls 13.57 1.34
Boys 14.16 1.41
6 E&H 2.12 0.05
Girls 13.54 1.81
Boys 13.82 1.27
7 P & IE 1.82 No Significance
Girls 13.28 1.58
Boys 13.38 1.27
8 NP 2.25 0.05
Girls 12.78 1.38
Boys 13.92 1.47
9 GW & OD 2.23 0.05
Girls 13.21 1.86
Boys 14.08 1.56
10 VC & SWM 2.08 0.05
Girls 13.46 1.65
Boys 12.48 1.42
11 D&U 1.87 No Significance
Girls 11.78 2.32
Boys 14.16 1.67
12 DM 1.88 No Significance
Girls 13.58 1.68
Boys 13.93 1.32
13 EE & SA 0.66 No Significance
Girls 13.73 1.68
NCG ECO & Boys 13.96 1.81
14 1.42 No Significance
ATA Girls 13.43 1.94
Boys 13.51 1.45
15 ECO FRIENDLY 0.36 No Significance
Girls 13.41 1.68
*EA-ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS, WA&WH-WATER, SANITATION & WATER HARVESTING, AP&CC-
AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE, BGG - BIODIVERSITY AND GREEN GARDENS, CE & RW -
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY & RECYCLING OF WASTES, E & H - ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH, P & IE –
PLASTICS AND ITS EFFECTS, NP - NOISE POLLUTION, GW & OD-GLOBAL WARMING & OZONE
DEPLETION, VC & SWM - VERMICOMPOSTING & SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, D & U-DEFORESTATION
AND URBANIZATION, DM - DISASTER MANAGEMENT, EE&SA- ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR
SUSTAINABILITY, NCG/ECO & ATA - NGC/ECO CLUBS & AWARENESS THROUGH ACTION & EFA - ECO

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A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND RELATED PRACTICES AMONG THE HIGH SCHOOL.........

FRIENDLY ACTIVITIES IN SCHOOL AND HOME

DISCUSSION ON THE RESULTS

From the above table-2, it is inferred that there is no significance difference between the boys
and girls in water, sanitation & water harvesting, air pollution and climate change, conservation of
energy & recycling of wastes, environment and health, plastics and its effects, noise pollution, global
warming & ozone depletion, vermicomposting & solid waste management, deforestation and
urbanization, disaster management, environmental education for sustainability, NGC/Eco-clubs &
awareness through action & Eco friendly activities in school and home. There is a significance
difference between boys and girls at 0.001 levels in Environmental awareness in favour of girls and at
0.01 level of significance in Biodiversity and green gardens in favour of girls.
In the above table-3, it is inferred that there is no significance difference between boys and girls
in water, sanitation & water harvesting, biodiversity and green gardens, conservation of energy &
recycling of wastes, environment and health, noise pollution, deforestation and urbanization,
disaster management, NGC/Eco clubs & awareness through action & Eco friendly activities in school
and home. There is a significance difference between boys and girls at 0.001 level in environmental
awareness in favour of girls, there is a significance difference between boys and girls at 0.05 level in Air
pollution and climate change in favour of girls. Further, there is significance difference between boys
and girls at 0.01 level in plastics and its effects in favour of girls and significance difference between
boys and girls at 0.05 and 0.01 level in global warming and ozone depletion and in vermicomposting and
solid waste management in favour of girls. Likewise there is a significant difference between boys and
girls at 0.001 levels in environmental education for sustainability in favour of girls.
The above table -4, indicates that there is no significance difference between boys and girls in
water, sanitation & water harvesting, air pollution and climate change, conservation of energy &
recycling of wastes, plastics and its effects, deforestation and urbanization, disaster management,
environmental education for sustainability, NGC/Eco clubs & awareness through action & Eco friendly
activities in school and home. There is a much significance difference between boys and girls at 0.001
levels in environmental awareness in favour of girls and 0.01 level of significant difference between
boys and girls in biodiversity and green gardens in favour of girls. Likewise, there is a significant
difference between boys and girls at 0.05 levels in environment and health, noise pollution, global
warming & ozone depletion and vermicomposting and solid waste management in each respectively in
favour of girls.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The above research study indicates that among the school students from VII, VIII and IX class
selected for surveying their environmental awareness levels of local issues and global problems, the
girls students contribution to aware of knowledge on environmental issues are more high compared to
boys students. In general, the girls are more aware of ill health effects of plastics, air pollution, water
pollution and public sanitation. Even though environmental education has been infused in the school
curriculum, there is a dire need of practical oriented approaches to the students community to develop
sustainable practices like tree plantation, vermicomposting of wastes at school grounds, alternative for
the use of plastics, need of safe and clean drinking water and also promotion of environmental
awareness among the public by participation in rallies, walkathon, celebrating world environmental
day, water day, wild life day etc. The efforts can be better achieved by taking cooperation of local NGOs,
village peoples, college students etc. Further, the research sensitizes that the environmental awareness

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A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND RELATED PRACTICES AMONG THE HIGH SCHOOL.........

and practices on day to day life of young students makes them social responsibility in greening the
nature and conservation of biodiversity. The present National Green Corps, Eco-clubs and other similar
clubs in schools need to strengthened for better practices and environmental concern by appointing at
least one environmental expert as teacher in every school, this will enable to train the students more
self focused towards environmental problems and addressing the issues with careful alternatives in
their daily life. The study elaborates there is better scope for environmental protection activities among
the school students as many schools have been promoting green gardens, nature walks, terrace
gardening, Vermicomposting of food and organic solid wastes in schools, kindness to promote welfare
on animals and safe disposal of organic and inorganic waste materials including plastics. The
contribution of youth volunteers, local NGOs are imminent for carrying mass environmental awareness
through school students in the society. The effective training on the students for Vermicomposting,
Solid waste disposal and waste paper banking etc. at the school level will yield better results and make
them to follow such practice as routine in schools and their homes for sustainability.

REFERENCES:
1.Joseph, L.A., Victoria, E.A., Campbell, A.B. & Louie. R. (2004) - Teaching students to make better
decisions about environment. Lessons from the decision of sciences, Indian Journal of Environmental
Education, Vol. 36(1), pp 33-44.
2.UNESCO, 1974, Report on the Seminar on EE, National Commission for UNESCO.
3.UNESCO (1978), Tbilisi Declaration (Final report of the International conference of EE: Tbilisi (USSR)),
11 – 26, October 1977, Paris: UNESCO
4.Sengupta, M., Das, J. and Maji, R. K. (2010): Environmental Awareness and Environmental Related
Behaviour of Twelfth Grade Students in Kolkata: Effects of Stream and Gender – Anwesan, Vol.5, pp. 1 –
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5.Sharma, R.A.,”Environmental Educational Research”, R. Lall Book Depot, Meerut, 2004.
6.Plamberg, I.E. and Kuru.J. 2000 – Outdoor activities as a basis for Environmental Responsibility, The
Journal of Environmental Education, Vol. 31 (4), pp. 32-36.
7.Promod, Shinde. S. IUACE, Papers in Environmental Education (1984) – Involvement in Environment
and Strategy for Education, pp. 48-56.
8.Srikanta, K. Panigragi 2004 – Environmental Education; Need of the hour, Yojana Jounal, Vol-48, No. 6,
pp. 13-22.
9.www.greenteacher.org
10.www.ceeindia.org

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