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Department of Civil Engineering

Gautam Buddha University
Greater Noida

Steel Structural Work in

Bridges
at

North Central Railway

Presented By: Priyanshu Varshney

Roll No: 14/ICE/042

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Acknowledgement

With the completion of the internship I would like to thank some notable person
who have unforgettable contribution:

▪ Mr. Durgesh Chandra, Dy.Chief Engineer Headquarter North Central Railway

▪ Mr. P.K .Azad, Dy. Chief Engineer Bridge line Allahabad
▪ Mr. Rishikesh Srivastava, Executive Engineer
▪ Mr. Parashar, Asst Engineer

Precap
Road Over
Loading and
Objective Bridge at
Unloading test
Iradatganj

Working of the Foot Over Bridge

Indian Railway
Railway at Subedarganj

North Central Permanent Way Introduction to

Railway Work Design

Chronological
Background order of activities
setting of Project during
Internship

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Objective

▪ The principle objective of this project is to generate a basic

understanding of the execution process over the ground from the
drawing of the construction of composite bridge in railway.
▪ Approach for professional practice in the field of engineering.
▪ To understand the design of staging work, F.O.B, Design of Deck
slab.

Indian Railway

▪ The Ministry of Railways under Government of India controls Indian

Railways
▪ Today, it covers 6,909 stations over a total route length of more than 63,028
kilometers.
▪ For administrative convenience Indian Railways is primarily divided into 16
zones.
▪ Every zone of railway has its own construction department which is headed
by chief engineer.

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North Central Railway

▪ One of sixteen zones of Indian Railway, headquartered at Allahabad.
▪ Comprises three divisions:
o Allahabad division of the erstwhile Northern Railway,
o Jhansi division of the erstwhile Central Railway, and new Agra division.
▪ The largest railway station in NCR is Kanpur Central.
▪ Total length of 3062 Km.
▪ It extends from Ghaziabad in the north to Mughal Sarai in the east on New
Delhi Howrah trunk route.
▪ From Palwal to Bina on New Delhi Mumbai/ Chennai corridor.

Background setting of Project

▪ In 2019 Uttar Pradesh is going to host the Kumbh Mela.

▪ Union and State Government, issue hefty amount and direct
Railway,NHAI and other state and central institution for the
preparation.
▪ To make it historical event.
▪ Railway renovate and construct new infrastructure in Allahabad and in
all the nearby areas.
▪ Railway work hand in hand with local municipal council and
authorities.
▪ Ahead discussed work is the part of the preparation.

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Chronological order of activities during

Internship

▪ Ist Week : Working of Railway and brief introduction to Permanent

Way work
▪ IInd Week : Loading and Unloading Test of Girder at R.O.B Iradatganj
▪ IIIrd Week : Launching of Girder at R.O.B Iradatganj
▪ IVth Week : Launching & Fixing of Cross Frame Bracing at R.O.B
Iradatganj
▪ Vth Week : Erection and Fabrication of F.O.B at Subedarganj
▪ VIthWeek : Introduction to Design

Permanent Way Work

▪ The combination of Rails, fitted on sleepers and resting on ballast and

subgrade is called the Railway track or permanent way.

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Railway Track at Allahabad Junction OHE MAST

Working of the Railway

▪ Indian Railway works on absolute block system.

▪ For any construction work to be done on the or along the track,
availability of Block is necessary.
▪ A separate approval should be taken from traffic signaling and control
department.
▪ That approval should be countersigned by Over head equipment
department(Electricity).
▪ After that de electrification is done by earthing the main electricity
line.

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Road Over Bridge at Iradatganj

▪ Composite R.O.B was constructed.

▪ Having 5 number of span and 4 number of Pier.
▪ 3 spans are composite in nature while the 2 are RCC.
▪ It is an skew bridge with an angle of 50.029 degree.
▪ Bridge spanning 38.18 m concerned for Railway authority.

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Salient Feature of R.O.B

Seismic zone II

Elevation from M.S.L 104m

Foundation type Pile

Top soil Condition Yellow Sand containing Silt

Bulk unit wt. of soil 8.4KN/m2

Length of Bridge 102.5 m (consist of 2 span of 38.18m and 1 span of 32.18m)

Total width of carriageway of Bridge 13.2m

Clear carriageway width of Bridge 10.5m

Height of center line of Deck 8.5m

Number of Longitudinal Girder 6

Number of Cross Girder 2

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Structural Specification of R.O.B

▪ Foundation :
Pile foundation is provided.
Eight in total, each of diameter 1.2 m.
Grade of concrete use M35 & Grade of Steel Fe 500
R/F – 20 Φ ; 16 in total.
Length of pile – 20 m
Capacity – 508 tonnes for normal condition.

▪ Substructure: consist of Pier, Pier cap, Bearing and Pedestal.

Pier is 4 m in height,13 m in Length and 1.2 m in width.
It is constructed with M40 Grade of concrete with R/F of Grade Fe 500
with max tor 20 mm.
40 mm cover is provided.
Pier Cap is 2 m in height, 23 m in length and 3.65 m in width.
It is constructed with M35 Grade of concrete with R/F of Grade Fe 500
with max tor 20 mm.

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▪ Superstructure: It consists of Deck Slab, Girders, Crash barrier

footpath, parapet wall and coating.

Loading and Unloading test

▪ This test in accordance with IRC SP 51 for testing the deflection of the
bridge.
▪ Two instruments mainly use one for official reporting and other for
check.
▪ For the official record Total Station was use.
▪ For temporary purpose Dial gauge was use.
▪ For loading purpose sand bags were used.
▪ Each sand bag weighed 44 kg.

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▪ The application of load on the Girder was carried out in 5 stages i.e.
(0%, 50%, 75%, 90%, 100%).
▪ The maximum load was maintained for 24 Hours on the deck of the
girder.
▪ The loading on the Girder commenced at 11:00 hrs. on 8 June 2018
and was completed at 15:00 hrs on the same day.
▪ Further the Girder was subjected to test load for 24 hr.
▪ Unloading was done in the decremental basis in the same sequence.
▪ After recording the final defelections, unloading process commenced
at 15:oo hrs. on 9 June 2018 and was completed at 19:00 hrs on 9
June 2018.
▪ Further the final deflection was observed after 24 hrs of unloading at
19:00 hrs. on 10 June.

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Observation and Calculation

Stage % Loading Cumulative load (Tons) Deflection (mm)

No load 0% 0 0
First 50% 107.94 0
Loading
Second 75% 161.91 14
Third 90% 194.29 18
Fourth 100% 215.88 21
After 24 Hrs. 100% 215.88 21

Stage % Loading Cumulative load (Tons) Deflection (mm)

Full load 100% 215.88 21
Unloading First 90% 194.29 17
Second 75% 161.91 15
Third 50% 107.94 6
Fourth 0% 0 2
After 24 Hrs. 0% 0 2

Result

▪ Calculation: -
▪ R3 - R5 = 19 mm
▪ R3 - R1 = 21 mm
▪ Percentage of recovery = × 100 = 90.47%

▪ Our test is satisfactory and percentage of recovery is in permissible

limit. Hence girders can be used.

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Launching of Girder

▪ After getting clearance it is important to continue the construction of Bridge

Launching of 6 steel Girders.
▪ It consist three simple process :
Lifting with the help of Crane
Placing with precision with the help of Hydra
Temporary fixing over Wooden plank (Gutka).
▪ After that all the X frame bracing are fixed by Bolting using Torque wrench which
has two stage:
First stage at which bolt is tight up to snug tight position.
Second stage at which torque wrench is used to tighten the bolts until the indentation on
the DTI indicate full tension.

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Foot Over Bridge at Subedarganj

▪ Sole undertaking of Railway.

▪ Erection of fabricated steel structure.
▪ Steel framework with concrete deck slab and staircase waist slab.
▪ It is an extension of already existed F.O.B.

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Plan of Foot Over Bridge

Elevation of Erected Structure

Staircase

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Salient Feature of F.O.B

Length of Bridge 27.7 m ( Proposed 58.61 m )

Total width of carriageway of Bridge 2.44m

Clear carriageway width of Bridge 2.04m

Height of center line of Deck 5.91m from Platform Level

Number of Longitudinal Girder 3

Structural Specification of F.O.B

▪ Foundation
Raft Foundation;(Raft of 500 mm thick of M30 Grade of concrete, with pedestals to erect column
on it )

▪ Column
Steel column are fabricated using two ISMC 400 separated apart by 400mm and connected
using Batten plate of 350mm x 8mm, columns are 8 in total at one side.
Bolts of Grade M20 HSFG used to erect it over pedestals.

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▪ Girders
Total in 3 girders are erected of I section Fabricated with Plates (Flange of 500mm x 40mm, web
of 928mm x 16mm)

▪ Beam in staircase
Two in total running at ends of ISMB 125.
▪ Waist Slab
RCC deck slab should be casted of M30 Grade(WSM) with thickness of 150 mm steel of tor
10mm @ 150mm c/c.
▪ Deck Slab
RCC deck slab should be casted of M30 Grade(WSM) with thickness of 150 mm steel of tor
10mm @ 150mm c/c.

Introduction to Design

It consist of two parts:

1. Design of supporting structure (staging) for Deck Slab.
2. Design of Deck Slab.

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Procedure of Design of Staging

▪ Size of Plate taken (1200 mm x 600 mm).

▪ Calculation of load (Dead Load of Slab + Self wt. of Plate )
▪ Design of beam which support plate in both direction longitudinal as
well as transverse.
▪ Beam assumed to be simply supported.

Results of Staging

▪ ISMC 75 @ 600 mm c/c spacing below shuttering plate.

▪ ISMB 125 @ 1200 mm c/c spacing below ISMC 75 in transverse
direction.
▪ Pipe of Φ 40 mm is provided of length 1.75 m.
▪ For the Cantilever portion 2 ISMC 150 is provided.
▪ To connect it with shuttering of main portion, tie rod of 16mmΦ
provided.

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Procedure of Design of Deck Slab

▪ Deck Slab is designed using WSM.

▪ Depth of slab, Grade of concrete and steel is presumed.
▪ Bending moment due to dead load is calculated.
▪ Bending moment due to live load is calculated taking different
combinations.
▪ Vehicles considered for L.L(Class 70 R, Class AA, Class A).

Results of Deck Slab Design

▪ In span direction
o Depth Provide 250 mm (which is correct after calculation).
o Area of R/F required at mid span 17 cm2
o Area of R/F required at Support 24 cm2
o Provided R/F 20mm Φ @ 120 mm c/c spacing at mid span, Area = 26.18 cm2
▪ In Transverse direction
o Area of R/F required at mid span 3 cm2
o Area of R/F required at Support 2 cm2
o Provided R/F 16mm Φ @ 150 mm c/c spacing at mid span, Area = 17.07 cm2

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Conclusion

▪ It was a wonderful learning experience at North Central Railway.

▪ The main objective of this industrial training is to get an opportunity to
identify, observe and practice how engineering is applicable in the real
industry. It is not only to get experience on technical practices but also
to observe management practices and to interact with on field workers.
▪ I hope this experience will surely help me in my future and also in
shaping my career.

References

▪ IS 456: 2000; PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE - CODE OF

PRACTICE
▪ IS 800: 1984; CODE OF PRACTICE FOR GENERAL CONSTRUCTION
IN STEEL
▪ IRC SP: 51; LOAD TESTING OF BRIDGES
▪ IRC 6: SECTION II; STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF
PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES
▪ IS 875: 1987; CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN LOAD OTHER THAN
EARTHQUAKE
▪ NORTH CENTRAL RAILWAY DESIGN DEPARTMENT
▪ GOOGLE

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▪ ANY
QUESTIONS?

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