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CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods and procedures of research applied

to gather the needed data. It contains the research design, participants,

sampling technique, instruments used and the treatment of the data.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Accoring to Research Methodology (2014) Descriptive research can be

explained as a statement of affairs as they are at present with the

researcher having no control over variable. Moreover, “descriptive studies

may be characterised as simply the attempt to determine, describe or

identify what is, while analytical research attempts to establish why it is that

way or how it came to be

According to SIS International Research (2015) Quantitative research

is a structured way of collecting and analyzing data obtained from different

sources. Quantitative research involves the use of computational, statistical,

and mathematical tools to derive results. It is conclusive in its purpose as it

tries to quantify the problem and understand how prevalent it is by looking

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for projectable results to a larger population.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

According to Ashely Crossman (2018) a purposive sampling is a

non-probability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a

population and the objective of the study. Purposive sampling is also known

as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling.

According to Encyclopedia of Survey Research (2008) a purposive

sample, also referred to as a judgmental or expert sample, is a type of

nonprobability sample. The main objective of a purposive sample is to

produce a sample that can be logically assumed to be representative of the

population. This is often accomplished by applying expert knowledge of the

population to select in a nonrandom manner a sample of elements that

represents a cross-section of the population.

INSTRUMENTS

SURVEY

According to Examples (2014) the survey is a type of data gathering

method that is utilized to collect, analyze and interpret the different

views of a group of people from a particular population. The survey has

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been used in the different field such as research, marketing, politics

views, psychology, and so on.People use survey to gather information

that is beneficial to a group of individuals. The survey questionnaire

uses statistical analysis to collect data, and the result of it will be used

in the development of an individual or to a community.

QUESTIONAIRE

According to Questionnaire (2012) questionaire is a research

instrument consisting of a series of questions for the purpose of gathering

information from respondents. Questionnaires can be thought of as a kind

of written interview. They can be carried out face to face, by telephone,

computer or post.Questionnaires provide a relatively cheap, quick and

efficient way of obtaining large amounts of information from a large sample

of people. Data can be collected relatively quickly because the researcher

would not need to be present when the questionnaires were completed.

This is useful for large populations when interviews would be impractical.

INFORMED CONSENT

According to American Medical Association (2014) informed consent

to medical treatment is fundamental in both ethics and law. Patients have

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the right to receive information and ask questions about recommended

treatments so that they can make well-considered decisions about care.

Successful communication in the patient-physician relationship fosters trust

and supports shared decision making.

VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT
The researchers made a request letter to ask for a permission to

conduct a survey at Metro Manila College. Upon approval, the researchers

retrieved request letter. The questionnaire was distributed to the

respondents after securing the permit. In administering the questionnaire,

the researchers use their leisure time to avoid distractions of the class

discussions. The students were given enough time to answer the

questionnaire appropriately. After gathering the data, the researchers

collected it for tallying the answers and to apply the statistical treatment to

be used in the study.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

Statistical treatment of data was essential to made use of the data in

the right form. Raw data collection is only one aspect of any experiment.
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The organization of data is equally important so that appropriate

conclusions can be drawn. (Siddharta Kalla, 2009)

1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution

A frequency and percentage distribution was display of data that

specifies the percentage of observations that exist for each data point

or grouping of data points. The process of creating frequency and

percentage distribution involved identifying the total number of

observations wiyhin each data points within each data point of grouping

data points.

FORMULA:

𝑓
𝑃= 𝑥 100
𝑁
Where:

P = Percentage

F = Frequency

N = Number of population
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