Noor Cholis Idham
Department of Architecture
Universitas Islam Indonesia
“Earthquakes don’t kill, buildings do!”
Pray for Lombok, Palu, Sigi, Donggala 2018
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Outlines:
• Gempa Bumi dan Arsitektur
• Gempa Bumi dan Sifat Merusaknya
• Kerusakan Bangunan Akibat Gempa
• Prinsip‐prinsip Arsitektur Tahan Gempa
28 September 2018 Donggala
28 28‐Sep‐18 0.03 119.54 5.4 10 Km 60 km BaratLaut DONGGALA‐SULTENG
21:26:01 WIB
29 28‐Sep‐18 0.15 119.62 5.8 10 Km 68 km BaratLaut DONGGALA‐SULTENG
20:35:30 WIB
30 28‐Sep‐18 ‐0.49 120.28 5.0 10 Km 50 km Tenggara DONGGALA‐SULTENG
19:27:39 WIB
31 28‐Sep‐18 ‐1.56 119.95 5.4 10 Km 18 km Tenggara SIGI‐SULTENG
18:06:52 WIB
32 28‐Sep‐18 ‐0.76 120.04 5.9 10 Km 23 km TimurLaut PALU‐SULTENG
17:50:28 WIB
33 28‐Sep‐18 ‐0.46 119.91 5.0 10 Km 9 km Tenggara DONGGALA‐SULTENG
17:47:45 WIB
34 28‐Sep‐18 ‐0.54 119.86 5.5 11 Km 13 km Tenggara DONGGALA‐SULTENG
17:39:05 WIB
35 28‐Sep‐18 ‐0.2 119.89 7.4 11 Km 25 km TimurLaut DONGGALA‐SULTENG
17:02:45 WIB
36 28‐Sep‐18 ‐0.93 119.99 5.9 10 Km 12 km Tenggara PALU‐SULTENG
17:25:07 WIB
37 28‐Sep‐18 0.09 119.94 6.1 10 Km 58 km TimurLaut DONGGALA‐SULTENG
17:14:25 WIB
38 28‐Sep‐18 ‐0.18 119.85 7.7 10 Km 27 km TimurLaut DONGGALA‐SULTENG
17:02:44 WIB
39 28‐Sep‐18 ‐0.35 119.91 5.3 10 Km 11 km TimurLaut DONGGALA‐SULTENG
15:25:00 WIB
40 28‐Sep‐18 ‐0.34 119.87 5.0 10 Km 10 km TimurLaut DONGGALA‐SULTENG
14:28:37 WIB
41 28‐Sep‐18 ‐0.35 119.82 5.9 10 Km 8 km BaratLaut DONGGALA‐SULTENG
14:00:00 WIB
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Gempa
www.bolasport.com
Tsunami
https://www.jawapos.com/jpg‐today/16/10/2018/bangkit‐usai‐diguncang‐ http://jabar.tribunnews.com/2018/10/17/menakjubkan‐masjid‐jami‐pantoloan‐
gempa‐dan‐tsunami‐palu‐ditata‐ulang tetap‐berdiri‐gagah‐tsunami‐palu‐membelah‐dan‐lompati‐masjid
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Likuifaksi
https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia‐45708229 http://jogja.tribunnews.com/2018/10/04
Kebakaran
https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/3623229/video‐usai‐gempa‐lombok‐7‐
http://jogja.tribunnews.com/2018/10/01/pasca‐gempa‐palu‐1425‐napi‐dan‐
sr‐pulau‐ini‐terbakar
tahanan‐kabur‐dari‐sel
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5 Agustus 2018 Lombok
http://banjarmasin.tribunnews.com/2018/08/09/
https://www.voaindonesia.com
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18 April 2018 Kebumen
Banjarnegara 2018
Earthquake damages
Banjarnegara 2018
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22 Juni 2013 Lombok
Earthquake damages
Magnitudo 5.2 SR
Tanggal 2013-06-22
Waktu 05:42:37 UTC
Lintang 8.44 LS
Bujur 116.04 BT
Kedalaman 16 Km
Wilayah Sumbawa Region, Indonesia
Lombok 2013
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27 Mei 2006 Yogyakarta
House
House Severe
Location Death Bad Injury Light Injury House Collapsed Moderate
Damaged
Damaged
Earthquake damages
Yogyakarta 2006
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Ring of Fire
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Kerentanan Wilayah Indonesia
http://puskim.pu.go.id/peta‐zonasi‐gempa/
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• Efek samping
• Tsunami
• Likuifaksi
• Kebakaran
• Tanah longsor
• Aktifitas vulkanik, dsb
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Feasibility Adaptive
Programming Designing Constructing Occupying
study reuse
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Utilitas
Firmitas Venustas
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Struktur Berat
• Proporsi
• Material
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Penyimpangan Vertikal
• Soft
story
• Sort
column
effect
Penyimpangan Horizontal
• Titik berat
bangunan
jauh
• Denah
asimetris
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Senggolan bangunan
• Bangunan
terlalu
dekat
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Pondasi
• Liquefaction
• Longsor
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Stiffness, Strength, Ductility
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Simplicity
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Slosh Tank dan Mass Damper
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Traditional Architecture
• Broadly range in
architectural forms but
limited choice of
lightweight structure
Sasak vs Jawa
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Traditional Tectonic Principles
The dissimilarity in
tectonic principles:
‐ Stilt floor vs.
elevated floor
‐ Continuous vs.
discontinuous
frame system
Nusantara Islamic Architecture
• Mixed result of the original culture,
previous principles, and new
incoming influences
• Light – heavyweight structures
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Colonial Architecture
• Originally
imported
techniques
• Heavyweight
structure
Contemporary Architecture
• Mainly from the last
impact of the colonial
architecture
• Combined somehow with
the traditional way for
most of the common
houses and vernacular
architecture
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Houses Under Earthquake
• The ‘regular’ disaster
• No differences (without local
indigenous) Indonesian houses
• Most of the threat is “improper
structure” of the houses or
“unfriendly to an earthquake”
Roof structure significance
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House reconstruction samples
Heavily Lightly Total %
N Total Collapse
Sub‐districts Damage Damage uninhabite uninhabit
o Houses* d
d d d ed**
BAMBANG
1 LIPURO 8853 6587 2732 816 9319 75.19
2 BANTUL 12403 4708 7378 3295 12086 69.60
3 IMOGIRI 11480 5664 5353 4471 11017 68.55
4 PLERET 8821 8139 2322 1438 10461 84.71
5 JETIS 10352 11195 2532 655 13727 94.72
6 KRETEK 6838 1081 4665 2486 5746 60.02
7 PANDAK 9576 2886 5185 4065 8071 60.20
8 PIYUNGAN 9916 5514 4801 3135 10315 74.30
9 PUNDONG 7297 6793 1903 500 8696 85.12
10 SEWON 20976 8281 8496 6004 16777 57.13
11 BANGUNTAPAN 20009 5557 8232 7452 13789 49.22
12 DLINGO 6501 1377 3380 4720 4757 52.27
13 KASIHAN 19735 1790 4657 12103 6447 23.33
14 PAJANGAN 7344 1228 2216 2610 3444 33.50
15 SANDEN 7135 97 2052 4650 2149 21.51
16 SEDAYU 10266 243 1800 4591 2043 14.21
17 SRANDAKAN 6544 342 3054 3506 3396 37.07
total 184046 71482 70758 66497 142240 55.20
House reconstruction
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Kesimpulan?
Terimakasih
Noor Cholis Idham, PhD, IAI
Department of Architecture
Universitas Islam Indonesia
noor.idham@uii.ac.id
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