Single correct answer type:

1. The kidneys are part of which of the following organ systems?

(A) Digestive system

(B) Respiratory system

(C) Excretory system

(D) Circulatory system

Solution: (C)

The kidney is the major organ of the excretory system which is involved in the removal of harmful waste
material from the body. There are numerous filtration units, called nephrons, present in the kidneys
which filter the blood carrying waste. The waste is concentrated and removed as urine.

2. The function of xylem is:

(A) transport of water and minerals

(B) transport of food

(C) transport of carbon dioxide

(D) transport of oxygen

Solution: (A)

Xylem is a vascular tissue found in higher plants which transports water and minerals absorbed by the
roots to different parts of plants.

3. The process of photosynthesis in plants requires

(A) carbon dioxide

(B) water

(C) sunlight

(D) all of these

Solution: (D)

Photosynthesis is carried out in autotrophic organisms. It is the process through which these organisms
prepare their food in the form of glucose which is stored as starch. For the photosynthetic reaction,
carbon dioxide and water serve as the reactants while sunlight is essential to carry out the reaction.

4. To prepare their food, green plants require

(A) chlorophyll

(B) Carbon dioxide and water

(C) Sunlight

(D) all of these

Solution: (D)

Photosynthesis is carried out in autotrophic organisms. It is the process through which these organisms
prepare their food in the form of glucose which is stored as starch. For the photosynthetic reaction,
carbon dioxide and water serve as the reactants while sunlight is essential to carry out the reaction.

5. Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis?

(A) 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 𝐿𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 → 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝑂2

(B) 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 + 6𝑂2 → 6𝐶𝑂2 + 6𝐻2 𝑂

(C) 6𝐶𝑂2 + 6𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 + 6𝑂2

(D) 6𝐶𝑂2 + 12𝐻2 𝑂 𝐿𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐶ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑦𝑙𝑙 → +𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 + 6𝑂2 + 6𝐻2 𝑂

Solution: (D)
Photosynthesis is carried out in autotrophic organisms. It is the process through which these organisms
prepare their food in the form of glucose which is stored as starch. For the photosynthetic reaction,
carbon dioxide and water serve as the reactants while sunlight is essential to carry out the reaction.
Light energy is captured by chlorophyll present in the leaf. Roots take up water and minerals from the
soil which is transported through the xylem to stem and finally to the leaves where it is distributed in
the mesophyll tissue. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere enters the leaf by diffusion through stomata.
The overall chemical equation of this process is :

6𝐶𝑂2 + 12 𝐻2 𝑂 𝐶ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑦𝑙𝑙, 𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 → 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 + 6𝐻2 𝑂 + 6𝑂2 ↑

6. Which of the following is an energy reserve in autotrophs?

(A) glycogen

(B) protein

(C) starch

(D) glucose

Solution: (C)

Autotrophic organisms prepare their food in the form of glucose through the process of photosynthesis.
The unutilized glucose is converted and stored in plants as starch.

7. In humans, the range of normal blood pressure is

 120
(A) 80
100
(B)
60
140
(C) 90
90
(D) 50

Solution: (A)

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted due to the blood flow through the major arteries of the body.
120
Normal blood pressure for an adult human is 80
𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔. 120mm represents the systolic blood pressure
while the lower number, 80 mm, represents the diastolic blood pressure.

8. In humans, the milk teeth are _______ in number.

(A) 32

(B) 28

(C) 20

(D) 12

Solution(C)

A child has deciduous teeth which are called milk teeth which are 20 in number (10 in each jaw). Milk
teeth are smaller, weaker and temporary. They are shed and replaced by permanent teeth during 6-12
years of age.

9. ________________ is not a salivary gland.

(A) Sublingual

(B) Lacrimal

(C) Submaxillary

(D) Parotid

Solution: (B)

Lacrimal gland, also known as tear gland, is present in the eyelids of humans. It produces a fluid,
commonly called tear, which cleans and lubricates the exposed surface of the eyes. Sublingual,
submaxillary and parotid are three salivary glands found in the buccal cavity.

10. Which of the following is responsible for movement of food through the oesophagus?

(A) lubrication by saliva

(B) peristalsis

(C) gravitational pull

(D) mucous lining the oesophagus

Solution: (B)

Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles of alimentary canal. It is responsible for
the controlled movement of food through the alimentary canal. Food in oesophagus also moves due to
the peristaltic movement.

11. Efficient digestion in the stomach requires

(A) acidic medium

(B) basic medium

(C) neutral medium

(D) highly alkaline medium.

Solution: (A)

Gastric hydrochloric acid makes the medium acidic in stomach. This is essential for the action of gastric
enzymes. It also activates the pepsin enzyme by converting the inactive form propepsin to the active
pepsin. It also kills the pathogens which might enter the body through food.

12. Digestion of which of the following substances occur primarily in the stomach?

(A) Carbohydrates

(B) Proteins

(C) Fats

(D) Vitamins

Solution: (B)

The stomach mechanically breakdown the food by churning movements into thick pulpy mass called
chyme. Gastric juice is secreted by the gastric glands in the wall of stomach. It contains mucus,
hydrochloric acid and enzyme pepsin which breaks the proteins into smaller amino acid chains. These
amino acid chains (polypeptides) are then broken down into free amino acids in the small intestine.

13. Bile is produced in ___________.

(A) Gall bladder

(B) Blood

(C) Liver

(D) Spleen

Solution: (C)

Liver is the largest gland of human body. It is a digestive gland that secretes bile juice containing bile
salts and bile pigments. Bile juice is stored in gall bladder and is carried to the duodenum by common
bile duct. Bile juice helps in digestion of fats.

14. In the process of respiration,

(A) energy is stored in the form of ADP

(B) energy is released and stored in the form of ATP

(C) energy is not released

(D) energy is consumed

Solution: (B)

Respiration is a catabolic process which involves the oxidation of digested food (in the form of glucose)
within the cells to produce energy. The energy released is temporarily stored as ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate) molecules which are also called the energy currency of a cell.

15. In anaerobic respiration, the number of molecules of ATP generated from one molecule of glucose is

(A) 36

(B) 2

(C) 32

(D) 6

Solution: (B)

When glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration. In anaerobic
respiration, one molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate). This
reaction generates two molecules of ATP. Pyruvate is then broken further but it does not produce any
ATP. Hence, net energy production in anaerobic respiration is 2 molecules of ATPs.

16. In aerobic respiration, the number of ATP molecules generated from one glucose molecule is

(A) 38
(B) 30

(C) 36

(D) 2

Solution: (A)

During aerobic respiration, glucose is completely broken down. into carbon dioxide and water by the
process of oxidation and a large amount of energy is produced in the form of 38 ATP molecules.

17. Identify the correct sequence of airflow during inspiration.

(A) Nostrils → larynx → pharynx → trachea → lungs

(B) Nasal passage →pharynx → trachea → larynx → alveoli

(C) Larynx → pharynx → nostrils → lungs

(D) Nostrils → pharynx → larynx → trachea → alveoli

Solution: (D)

During inspiration (breathing in), air enters the respiratory system through the nostrils and moves
through pharynx, larynx and trachea to finally reach the alveoli. In alveoli, the exchange of gases occurs
through diffusion.

18. The diameter of Small intestine is about

(A) 5 𝑐𝑐
(B) 6 𝑐𝑐
(C) 2.5 𝑐𝑐
(D) 1 𝑐𝑐
Solution: (C)

Small intestine is a part of the alimentary canal and plays a major role in complete digestion of food. It is
a coiled long narrow tube spanning about 6 𝑚 in length and has a diameter of about 2.5 𝑐𝑚. It consists
of duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

19. Entry of food into the windpipe is prevented by a flap like structure called

(A) epiglottis

(B) glottis

(C) hard palate

(D) soft palate

Solution: (A)

Epiglottis is a flexible flap of cartilaginous structure in mammals. It is attached to the wall of the pharynx
near the base of the tongue. During swallowing of food, it covers the the opening to the respiratory tract
and hence helps to prevent food from entering the windpipe (trachea).

20. Main function of __________ is the transport of water and minerals in plants.

(A) Phloem

(B) Xylem

(C) Epidermal hair

(D) Cambium

Solution: (B)

Xylem is a vascular tissue found in higher plants which transports water and minerals absorbed by the
roots to different parts of plants. It consists of hollow vessels that are formed from cells (vessel
elements) joined end to end. The end walls of the vessel elements are perforated to allow the passage
of water.

21. Which of the following directly impacts the opening and closing of stomata?

(A) pressure of gases inside the mesophyll cells

(B) changes of turgor pressure in guard cells

(C) plant growth regulators

(D) sunlight

Solution: (B)

Stomata are pores found largely in the epidermis of leaves, especially on the under surface of leaves and
young green stems. Stomata serve as the site of gaseous exchange between the plant and the
atmosphere. Each stoma is bordered by two guard cells, whose shape changes due to turgor pressure,
controlling the size of the aperture and hence results in its opening and closing.

22. The double-layered membrane which encloses the lungs is called

(A) pleura

(B) bronchi

(C) pericardium
(D) none of these

Solution: (A)

Pleura is the double walled membrane that surrounds the lungs in humans. It spans through the entire
surface of each lung.

23. Translocation occurs primarily through

(A) phloem

(B) xylem

(C) cortex

(D) pith

Solution: (A)

The food prepared by the leaves through photosynthesis is transported to various parts of the plant for
the purpose of storage or consumption. This done through phloem and the process is known as
translocation.

24. Which of the following refers to the maintenance of proper amount of water and ionic balance in the
body?

(A) osmoregulation

(B) excretion

(C) dehydration

(D) homeostasis

Solution: (A)

Osmoregulation is a process that maintains a constant osmotic condition in the body by regulating the
water content and solute concentration of body fluids, particularly of sodium, potassium and chloride
ions. It is important for the proper functioning of the cells.

25. Blood is completely enclosed within _____________ in a closed circulation.

(A) muscles

(B) vessels

(C) heart

(D) skeleton

Solution: (B)
In closed circulatory system which is found in larger animals, the blood flows in vessels. The vessels
contain a series of one-way valves to maintain a unidirectional flow of blood.

26. Veins contain valves which prevent the backflow of blood during

(A) low pressure

(B) high pressure

(C) atmospheric pressure

(D) None of the above

Solution: (A)

Veins are thin walled blood vessels which collect the deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins) from
the body cells and take it back to the heart. They are wider and can hold more blood than the arteries
but this causes the blood to flow under low pressure. Hence, valves are necessary to prevent the
backflow of blood.

27. The walls of ___________ are not muscular in nature.

(A) Artery

(B) Arteriole

(C) Capillary

(D) Vein

Solution: (C)

Capillaries are thin walled and extremely narrow blood vessels. They are found at the terminals of artery
and vein. Their wall consists of endothelium only. They are the connecting link between arteries and
veins.

28. __________________ is an irregular groove which externally demarcates atria from ventricles.

(A) coronary sulcus

(B) interventricular sulcus

(C) interventricular septum

(D) atrioventricular septum

Solution: (A)
Coronary sulcus externally demarcates atria from ventricles. It is an irregular groove. Atrioventricular
septum demarcates the atria and ventricles internally.

29. Ureotelic animals excrete the nitrogenous wastes in the form of

(A) uric acid

(B) ammonia

(C) amino acids

(D) urea

Solution: (D)

Ureotelic animals are the animals that excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of urea. Most terrestrial
animals are ureotelic in nature such as mammals. These animals convert ammonium ions (formed
during the breakdown of amino acids) into urea.

30. The blood vessel carrying the blood into Bowman’s capsule is

(A) afferent arteriole

(B) efferent arteriole

(C) renal vein

(D) renal artery

Solution: (A)

Bowman’s capsule is the cup-shaped end of the kidney tubule which encloses glomerulus, a tangled
mass of blood capillaries. Blood enters into glomerulus through afferent arteriole and leaves it through
efferent arteriole.

31. Which of the following organ has nephron as the functional unit?

(A) liver

(B) brain

(C) kidney

(D) bladder

Solution: (C)
Kidney, the major excretory organ of the human body is made of millions of nephrons. A nephron is the
functional unit of the kidney. It is involved in the production of urine by removing waste and excess
substances from the blood.

32. _____ are involved in blood clotting at the site of injury.

(A) RBCs

(B) WBCs

(C) platelets

(D) plasma

Solution: (C)

Platelets present in the blood circulates throughout the body and at the site of injury, these cells form a
mesh-like structure which acts as a plug or clot at the site of injury, thus prevents further blood loss.
There are about 250,000 platelets per cubic millimeter of blood.

33. Which of the following is called white vascular connective tissue?

(A) Lymph

(B) Blood

(C) Serum

(D) Plasma

Solution: (A)

Lymph, white connective tissue is colorless and contains lymphocyte cells. The lymph collects digested
and absorbed fat from the intestine and drains excess fluid from extracellular space into the blood.

34. _____ is used to measure blood pressure.

(A) hemocytometer

(B) haemometer

(C) sphygmomanometer

(D) stethoscope

Solution: (C)

A sphygmomanometer is an instrument for measuring blood pressure in the arteries.

35. Which part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

(A) Right atrium

(B) Left atrium

(C) Right ventricle

(D) Left ventricle

Solution: (B)

Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters the thin-walled upper chamber of the heart on the left, the left
atrium.

36. A two-layered sac surrounding the heart is called

(A) pericardium

(B) perichondrium

(C) periosteum

(D) pleura

Solution: (A)

The pericardium is a double-layered sac which encloses the heart. It is made of an outer non-distensible
fibrous layer and an inner serous layer. In between the two layers, there is a very narrow space, called
the pericardial cavity, which is filled with pericardial fluid.

37. Tubes extending between the kidneys and urinary bladder are

(A) ureters

(B) vasa deferentia

(C) urethra

(D) esophagus

Solution: (A)

The urine produced in the kidney flows into the urinary bladder via ureter.

38. Which of the following process is used to treat cases like renal failure and uremia?

(A) Kidney replacement

(B) Lithotripsy

(C) Haemodialysis

(D) Kidney removal

Solution: (C)

During renal failure, the body develops a condition called uremia which means urea in the blood. In such
conditions, the patient undergoes haemodialysis, where the excess urea from blood is removed.
Haemodialysis is an efficient method of artificially removing waste products and extra fluid, which build
up in the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to function.
39. ____ activates chlorophyll.

(A) water

(B) light

(C) soil

(D) 𝐶𝑂2

Solution: (B)

The chlorophyll, when exposed to light energy, gets activated.

𝐶ℎ𝑙 + 𝑃ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 → 𝐶ℎ𝑙 ∗ (𝑃ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦)

𝐶ℎ𝑙 ∗ → 𝐶ℎ𝑙 ∗ + 𝑒 −
This leads to photolysis (splitting) of water
As a result of this, O2 is released.
𝑂𝐻 − ions being unstable recombine to form water and oxygen and release electrons.
4𝐻2 𝑂 𝑐ℎ𝑙 → 4𝐻 + + 4𝑂𝐻 −
Thus, 𝑂2 given out during photosynthesis comes from the 𝐻2 𝑂 absorbed from the soil.
40. The process in which water splits during photosynthesis is called

(A) hydrolysis

(B) plasmolysis

(C) photolysis

(D) none of these

Solution: (C)

The chlorophyll on exposure to light energy becomes activated.

𝐶ℎ𝑙 𝑃ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 → 𝐶ℎ𝑙 ∗ (𝑃ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦)
𝐶ℎ𝑙 ∗ → 𝐶ℎ𝑙 ∗ + 𝑒 −
This leads to photolysis (splitting) of water
As a result of this, O2 is released
𝑂𝐻 − ions being unstable recombine to form water and oxygen and release electrons.
4𝐻2 𝑂 𝑐ℎ𝑙 → 4𝐻 + + 4𝑂𝐻 −
Thus, 𝑂2 given out during photosynthesis comes from the 𝐻2 𝑂 absorbed from the soil.
41. Chlorophylls are present

(A) in the grana of chloroplasts

(B) on the surface of chloroplasts

(C) in the stroma

(D) dispersed throughout the chloroplasts

Solution: (A)

Chlorophylls are present in chloroplasts, a cell organelle present in plants. The chloroplast is enclosed by
a double-layer membrane and the centre of the choloroplast is filled with the matrix. In this matrix, a
stack of thylakoids collectively known as grana is present. These thylakoids contain the chlorophyll that
is essential for the plant to undergo photosynthesis.

42. Digestion within a digestive tract is

(A) intracellular

(B) intercellular

(C) incomplete

(D) none of these

Solution: (B)

Digestion happens in the alimentary canal that runs from mouth to large intestine via the stomach and
small intestine. Digestion within this tract is called as intercellular digestion.

43. When teeth are different in shape, size and function, then these are called

(A) heterodont

(B) thecodont

(C) homodont

(D) diphyodont

Solution: (A)

Teeth which are in different shape, size are called as Heterdont.

e.g., humans have four types of teeth canines, incisors, molars and premolars.

44. Dentine is the

(A) the softest part of the tooth

(B) the hardest part of the tooth

(C) soft pulp within the tooth

(D) none of these

Solution: (C)

Dentin or dentine is a layer of material that lies immediately underneath the enamel of the tooth.

45. Amylolytic enzymes are produced by

(A) salivary gland and liver

(B) stomach and pancreas

(C) salivary glands and pancreas

(D) stomach and liver

Solution: (C)

Amylolytic enzymes are produced by the salivary glands and pancreas. The salivary glands produce an
alpha-amylase called ptyalin and pancreas produces pancreatic amylase.

46. The main function of the lacteals of the intestine is the absorption of

(A) amino acids

(B) glucose and vitamins

(C) fatty acids and glycerol

(D) lactic acid

Solution: (C)

Lacteals are the lymphatic vessels of the small intestine which absorbs digested fats.

47. _____ is the first 25 𝑐𝑚 of the human small intestine.

(A) Duodenum

(B) Jejunum

(C) Colon

(D) Ileum

Solution: (A)

Duodenum, the first section of the small intestine of humans is where the food from the stomach is
subjected to the action of bile (from the bile duct) and pancreatic enzymes (from the pancreatic duct) as
well as the enzymes secreted by digestive glands in the duodenum.

48. Conversion of glucose to pyruvate happens in

(A) mitochondria

(B) muscle cells

(C) cytoplasm

(D) yeast

Solution: (C)

Conversion of glucose to pyruvate is the initial step of respiration. Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and
anaerobic respiration. It occurs in the cytosol. The series of biochemical reactions in which glucose is
broken down to pyruvate with the release of usable energy in the form of ATP is called glycolysis. In it,
one molecule of glucose undergoes two phosphorylation reactions and is then split to form two triose-
phosphate molecules. Each of these is converted to pyruvate (pyruvic acid).

49. Phosphorylation happens ______ in glycolysis.

(A) twice

(B) thrice

(C) once

(D) 4 times

Solution: (A)

Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule derived from ATP. It happens
twice during glycolysis:

(1) Conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate.

(2) Phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

50. The _______ prevents trachea from collapsing.

(A) complete cartilaginous rings

(B) incomplete cartilaginous rings

(C) bony rings

(D) chitinous rings

Solution: (B)

The incomplete C-shaped cartilaginous rings prevent trachea from collapsing.

51. The narrowest and most numerous tubes of lungs are termed as

(A) bronchus

(B) bronchioles

(C) alveoli

(D) none of these

Solution: (B)
Bronchiole is a fine respiratory tube in the lungs of reptiles, birds, and mammals. It is formed by the
subdivision of a bronchus.

52. Volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath is called

(A) tidal volume

(B) inspiratory capacity

(C) total lung capacity

(D) residual volume

Solution: (A)

Tidal volume is the volume of air taken in or expelled by an animal breathing normally at rest during
each respiratory cycle. The average human has a tidal volume of approximately 500 𝑚𝐿.

53. In normal expiration, the diaphragm is

(A) arched

(B) flattened

(C) not involved

(D) perforated

Solution: (A)

Expiration (exhalation) is the process by which gas is expelled from the lungs. In mammals, the volume
of the thoracic cavity is reduced by relaxation of intercostal muscles and relaxation of the muscles of the
diaphragm so that it becomes arched assisted by upward pressure of the abdominal organs.

54. In anaerobic respiration pyruvic acid in muscles form

(A) lactic acid

(B) alcohol

(C) glucose

(D) none of these.

Solution: (A)

Due to less or non availability of oxygen pyruvic acid molecules formed after glycolysis instead of
entering Kreb’s cycle reduces to lactic acid. Lactic acid formation leads to muscle fatigue. This mainly
occurs during the course of exercise.
55. Osmosis is the movement of

(A) solute particles from lower concentration to higher concentration through a semipermeable
membrane

(B) solvent particles from higher water potential to lower water potential through a semipermeable
membrane

(C) solute particles from higher concentration to lower concentration through a semipermeable
membrane

(D) solvent particles from lower water potential to higher water potential

Solution: (B)

Osmosis is the flow of solvent molecules from the region of higher water potential to the region of lower
water potential through a semipermeable membrane. The osmotic entry of water (solvent) into a cell,
organ or system is called endosmosis while the osmotic withdrawal of water from the same is described
as exosmosis.

56. The phenomenon of uptake of water at the expense of energy by the cell and usually against the
osmotic gradient is known as

(A) active absorption

(B) passive absorption

(C) osmosis

(D) diffusion

Solution: (A)

57. Water will be absorbed by root hair when

(A) concentration of solutes in the cell sap is high

(B) plant is rapidly respiring

(C) they are separated from soil by a permeable membrane

(D) concentration of salts in the soil is high through a semi-permeable membrane.

Solution: (A)

The absorption of water mainly takes place in the terminal ends of the roots but occurs maximum in the
area of root hair (1-10 cm behind the root tip). A root hair contains cell sap which has higher
concentration of salts as compared to the soil water. Hence the root hair cells absorb water from soil by
endosmosis.
58. Which of the following contributes most to transport of water from the ground to the leaves of a tall
tree?

(A) Breakdown of ATP

(B) Capillary rise of water in xylem

(C) Cohesion of water and transpiration pull

(D) Root pressure

Solution: (C)

Water molecules have high cohesion and adhesion forces acting between them thus, a continuous
column of water is formed in the xylem. Transpiration i.e., evaporation of water molecules from the cells
of the leaf creates a suction force (transpiration pull) which pulls water from xylem cells. To maintain the
continuous water column due to cohesion forces water is absorbed from the soil.

59. An artery is a vessel that carries blood

(A) with high concentration of oxygen

(B) with high concentration of 𝐶𝑂2

(C) away from the heart

(D) towards the heart

Solution: (C)

Arteries are the thick walled blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart for distribution to the
body. Arteries carry highly oxygenated blood but it is not their universal feature as pulmonary artery
carries deoxygenated blood to lungs (away from heart).

60. Cells formed in bone marrow are

(A) RBCs only

(B) WBCs only

(C) both (A) and (B)

(D) none of these

Solution: (C)

RBCs or erythrocytes and WBCs are produced in the bone marrow.

61. Kidney of vertebrates resembles with contractile vacuole of protozoans in

(A) expelling out glucose

(B) expelling out urea and uric acid

(C) expelling out excess of water

(D) expelling out salts

Solution: (C)

Contractile vacuole is a membrane surrounded cavity in a cell that periodically expands, filling with
water, and then suddenly contracts, expelling its contents to the cell’s exterior. It is thus an organ of
osmoregulation and excretion. Contractile vacuoles are common in freshwater sponges It works as
similar as kidney in humans.

63. Glomerular filtration is possible because

(A) afferent arteriole has less diameter than the efferent arteriole

(B) afferent arteriole has more diameter than the efferent arteriole

(C) both have the same diameter

(D) afferent capillaries have more diameter than efferent capillaries

Solution: (B)

The efferent arteriole has narrower lumen (lesser diameter) than that of afferent arteriole. The
glomerular capillaries are also narrower than afferent arteriole thus blood pressure in glomerular
capillaries becomes very high so that there is a continuous process of ultrafiltration (filtration under
pressure) due to pressure gradient between blood and filtrate in Bowman’s capsule.

64. The liquid which collects in the cavity of Bowman’s capsule is

(A) concentrated urine

(B) blood plasma minus blood proteins

(C) glycogen and water

(D) used bile for excretion

Solution: (B)

Urine formation begins with the filtration of blood through the epithelial walls of the glomerulus and
Bowman’s capsule. The fluid portion of the blood, which consists of water, urea, ions, nutrients and
small proteins, is able to move across the capillary wall. Blood cells and larger proteins, however, cannot
cross and are retained in the blood.
65. Which of the following is the site of complete digestion of food in humans?
(A) Stomach
(B) Small Intestine
(C) Large Intestine
(D) Buccal Cavity
Solution: (B)
The digestion of all components of food- proteins, fats and carbohydrates is completed in small intestine.

66. Choose the correct pair of a food component and their end products after digestion-

(A) Carbohydrate → Glycerol

(B) Carbohydrates → Fatty acids

(C) Fats → Simple sugars

(D) Proteins → Amino Acids

Solution: (D)
Proteins upon action of digestive enzymes break into amino acids. Similarly, end products of
carbohydrates and fats are as follows-

Carbohydrates → Simple sugars (like glucose)

Fats → Fatty acids + Glycerol

67. Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the digestion of fats?

(A) Emulsification of fats occurs in the duodenum
(B) A pancreatic enzyme, lipase, digests fats
(C) Bile makes the medium acidic which is required for the action of lipase
(D) Complete digestion of fats occur in small intestine
Soluntion: (C)
Bile is secreted from liver into the small intestine. It helps in emulsification of fats and makes the medium
alkaline. Lipase requires alkaline medium to act on fats

68. Identify the INCORRECT statement pertaining to ‘Villi’.

(A) Villi are present in the inner lining of large intestine
(B) Villi increase the surface area for absorption of digested food
(C) Villi are richly supplied with blood vessels
(D) Villi help in absorption of water as well
Solution: (A)
Villi are found in the inner lining of small intestine. They are rich in blood vessels and increase the
surface area of absorption of food and water.

69. Which of the following enzymes is NOT found in Pancreatic Juice?

(A) Trypsin
(B) Pepsin
(C) Amylase
(D) Lipase
Solution: (B)
Pancreatic juice secretes Trypsin to digest protein, Amylase to digest Starch and Lipase to digest Fats.
Pepsin is secreted by Gastric glands in Stomach.

70. Nutrition in Ameoba can be best termed as

(A) Saprophytic
(B) Parasitic
(C) Holozoic
(D) Autotrophic
Solution: (C)
Holozoic nutrition is a form of heterotrophic nutrition that is characterized by the internalization and
internal processing of food. Amoeba, Paramecium and most animals perform this type of nutrition.

71. Identify the correct sequence of processes involved in photosynthesis-

(i) Splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and oxygen
(ii) Conversion of Light energy to chemical energy
(iii) Absorption of Light energy by chlorophyll
(iv) Reduction of Carbon dioxide to Carbohydrates

(A) (i) → (ii) → (iii) → (iv)

(B) (ii) → (i) → (iii) → (iv)

(C) (iii) → (iv) → (ii) → (i)

(D) (iii) → (ii) → (i) → (iv)

Solution: (D)
Photosynthesis begins with absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll molecules. This light energy absorbed is
then converted into chemical energy while splitting the water molecule. This leads to reduction of carbon
dioxide into carbohydrates.
72. Which of the following statements are true with respect to ‘Peristaltic movement’? Select all that
apply
(A) Peristaltic movement is exclusively found in the alimentary canal in human body
(B) Peristaltic movement is a wave of contraction brought about by the muscles lining the alimentary
canal
(C) Peristaltic movement also occurs in Trachea
(D) Peristaltic movement helps regulate the movement of food so that it is processed properly
Solution: (A) (B) and (D)
Trachea is made up of cartilaginous rings which maintain unobstructed flow of air. Hence, peristaltic
movement is not required.

73. Identify the INCORRECT statements. Select all that apply-

(A) Bacteria degrade sugar and food remains in our mouth to produce acids
(B) Tongue helps in tasting as well as swallowing food
(C) Buccal cavity is the first site of digestion of protein
(D) Saliva contains only lysozyme
Solution: (C) (D)
Buccal cavity is the first site of digestion of carbohydrate (starch).
Saliva contains mucus as well as salivary enzymes.
74. If stomata don’t function properly, which of the following gets affected?
(A) Photosynthesis
(B) Transpiration
(C) Respiration
(D) Excretion
Solution: (A)(B)(C)(D)
Stomata are involved in gaseous exchange, hence all these processes get affected.