Steve Jobs and Management

Apple’s beginnings can be traced to Steve Jobs’ garage which

housed the first circuit board that later on became the Apple II personal
computer (PC) in 1976. That year, Steve Jobs and Steve Wonzniak
established Apple Computer, Inc., a company that produced affordable
personal computers. The growing popularity of personal computers and increased sales of Apple
computers enabled Apple Computer to grow in a highly profitable business. In 1984, the Apple
Macintosh computer was introduced and it became popular in certain industries like publishing,
advertising, cinema and the arts. Sales of Apple computers eventually grew to almost $2 billion
in 1985.

Despite being one of the forces that drove Apple’s success, Steve Jobs’ management style
soon brought about difficulties for his company. For one, he played favorites among his project
teams and this sparked conflicts and misunderstandings among the members. He was also not in
good terms with John Sculley, Apple’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Sculley and Jobs were at
odds regarding the best marketing strategies for Apple computers. Sculley favored selling Apple
computers to the wider public, while Jobs preferred to focus on industries. The two also clashed
over control in the company, as Sculley was CEO but Jobs had unlimited control over the
product development division of Apple. The employees were confused as to who was actually
leading the company. While Jobs and Sculley are fighting it out for the company’s control,
Apple’s efficiency suffered; costs soared to high proportions and profits fell. Apple’s decline was
furthered hastened by the entry of the new computer company, IBM, and its introduction of the
IBM PC which soon surpassed the Apple II in sales.

In 1985, amidst plans for the reorganization of Apple Computer, Inc., Steve Jobs
resigned. He founded next and developed powerful PC’s which would outperform Apple PC’s.
He also founded Pixar, the computer animation company that made blockbuster movies such as
Toy Story and Finding Nemo.

With these two companies, he was the exact opposite of his Apple days. Jobs developed a
vision for managers and empowered his project teams to put his vision into practice. He allowed
collaboration and innovation to work together. Jobs developed a team of managers who can
perform on their own even without his supervision. With these, he encouraged his people to love
what they do and be passionate about their work.

In the meantime, Apple was suffering heavily with the introduction of Michael Dells’ low
priced PC’s loaded with Microsoft Windows software. Jobs came to the rescue and convinced
Apple to buy his company next for $400 million and use its own operating system in 1996. Jobs
worked for Apple’s turnaround and in 1997, Jobs was appointed its new CEO.

One of the first things he did when he came back to Apple was to define the values of the
company and did it with two words: “think different.” He just didn’t stick with hiring people

1
who were technically equipped but also hired poets, musicians, artists, biologists---creative
people who were also computer experts. Their only qualification as that they believe they can
change the world. For Jobs, that was enough for Apple to take the risk of hiring them.

For Jobs, software, hardware, and content must be intuitively connected. He also believed
that one must have intuition and foresight to be successful. One result of his vision was the new
line of iMac PC’s which were then followed by more stylish and modern PC’s. In 2003, Apple
announced an online music store called iTunes. Then the iPod, a device which can store
thousands of download songs, was also introduced to complement iTunes.

There are two ways to run a business: focus on profits and focus on products. Jobs
focused the products, believing that profits would eventually follow. He focused single-mindedly
on the development of three products: iPod, iPad and iPhone. The iPhone was developed to
compete with Blackberry. Jobs led his project teams to develop the iPhone which can download
applications in the Web. In 2010, over 2 million iPhone applications could be downloaded by
iPhone users, making Apple the leader in the smartphone market. In that same year, Jobs
introduced its new iPad tablet which became another convenient way to surf the Web, send
emails, take photos, and share content online. With these new products, Apple once again
regained its distinction as the most profitable computer company in the world.

2
Discussion Questions:

1. What changes and developments brought about the emergence of Apple Computer, Inc.
as a leading computer company during the 1980’s?

 The changes and developments brought about the emergence of Apple

Computer, Inc. was it grows into a highly profitable business. The company
produced affordable personal computers that helped many people in many
ways. It became a big help in certain industries like publishing, advertising,
cinema, and the arts. Also, it brought about the changes in people who use
other brands. The emergence of Apple Computer, Inc. developed many
features of the application.

2. Describe Steve Jobs’ management style during the early years of Apple. How did this
affect the company?

 Steve Job’s management style during the early years of Apple brought about
difficulties for his company. He played favorites among his project teams. He
was also not in good terms with John Sculley which is the CEO of Apple.
This affects the company by having conflicts and misunderstandings among
the members. These two also clashed over control in the company.

3. Describe Jobs’ management style when he came back to Apple. How did this new
management style benefit Apple?

 He first defines the values of the company and did it with two words “think
different”. He didn’t just stick with hiring people who were technically
equipped but also hired poets, musicians, artists, biologists and creative
people who were computer experts. Because of this Apple became successful
and it benefited the company. Apple once again regained its distinction as the
most profitable computer company in the world. Lastly, it benefited the
company by making new products or applications that will compete other
brands of cellphones.

4. What do you think influenced the changes in Steve Jobs’ management style?

 I think because of his determination to be successful so that his products will

become popular. He also thinks new styles for him to achieve the goal he
wants. Also, it influenced the changes in his management style because of the

3
experienced he had when he had a misunderstanding with John Sculley. It
became his foundation to improve his management style. Lastly, he’s style is
influenced by the two words “think different”.

4
 Henry Ford and Scientific Management

In 1903, Henry Ford formed a

partnership with Alexander Malcomson to
found the Ford Motor Company. The company
focused on the production of automobiles for
commercial use. In 1908, Ford came up with its most famous car called the Model T. Ford’s
application of scientific management, particularly the principles espoused by Frederick Taylor,
enabled the company to maximize production, thereby producing 15 million Model T
automobiles from 1908 until 1927. Improvements in the production methods of the Model T led
to the reduction of production costs which consequently lowered the price of Ford automobiles in
the market.

The changes introduce by Ford in the Model T assembly line became the tool which
changed the way production was done and the lives of Ford’s production workers. However,
Ford also had to confront issues related to the workers in his factories. Repetitive tasks caused
mental strain among workers. Absenteeism and resignation were rampant, and worker turnover
was recorded at 40 to 60 percent of Ford’s 13,000 workers. To solve this problem, Ford raised
wages from $2.38 to $5 and reduced working hours from 9 to 8 hours a day. Ford also
implemented a profit-sharing scheme for his workers. As a result, many Ford workers were able
to own a Ford Model T as well.

Despite these efforts, critics continued to question the way production was done in the
assembly line as the workers still did repetitive tasks. Higher wages also did not address the
boredom of workers.

Ford’s critics began to call for the development of newer concepts that gave more
attention to employee welfare, and focused on the improvement of human relations and
administrative management.

5
Discussion Questions:

1. How did the application of Scientific Management affect the production of the Ford
Model T?

 The application of Scientific Management affects the production of the Ford

Model T by maximizing its production by producing 15 million Model T
automobiles. Also it lowered the price of it in the market. It affects the
production in terms of its commercial use. In addition, its application affects
the production of the Ford Model T to the workers. And, because of this
development of newer concepts gave more attention to employee welfare.

2. How the production workers were affected by the employment of scientific management
in Ford’s Model T factories?

 The production of workers had to confront issues. Repetitive tasks caused

mental strain among workers. Also, absenteeism and resignation were
rampant. Furthermore, worker turnover was recorded at 40 to 60 percent of
Ford’s 13,000 workers. Last, its employee welfare got least of attention.

3. Did the solutions implemented by Ford effectively address his worker’s problems?
Explain.

 Yes. The solution he made was raising wages from $2.38 to $5 and reduced
working hours from 9 to 8 hours a day. He also implemented a profit-sharing
scheme for his workers. His idea became effective because it began to call for
the development of newer concepts that gave more attention to employee
welfare. Also, it focused on the improvement of human relations and
administrative management.

4. Should Ford be more concerned with improving production methods of improving the
welfare of his employees? Justify your answer.

 Yes, of course! Because being not concerned with the welfare of his
employees will affect the production of his management. Employee’s welfare
is one of the important things that a manager should always check. Without
employees the production will not go on. Lastly, Ford could also add more
ideas on how the employee welfare will improve for his employees.

6
 Tony and Jollibee: Building a Local Fast-food Giant

While earning his degree in chemical engineering at the

University of Santo Tomas, Tony Tan Caktiong toured a Magnolia Ice
Cream Plant and learned of a franchise opportunity. Thus, together with
his wife Grace, he opened two ice cream parlors shortly after graduation
in 1975.

The 1977 oil crisis affected the price of most products. He then noticed that customers
ordered more sandwiches than ice cream. Tony also saw the growing popularity of hamburgers
around the world. Thus, he re-launched ice cream parlor as a hamburger house. A year later,
Tony had five stores in Metro Manila and the family incorporated it as Jollibee Foods
Corporation.

In 1981, Jollibee faced serious competition from McDonald’s when it entered the
Philippines. Being a global brand, McDonald’s could easily snatch the market that Jollibee
occupied. Tony was advised to concentrate on holding to at least a second-place position in the
market given the popularity of McDonald’s. Not to be discouraged with these developments,
Tony believed that Jollibee has captured the Filipino customer’s preference for local hamburgers.
Indeed, Jollibee captured the Filipino taste and this catapulted Jollibee to the number one
position in the fast-food chain industry.

While Tony believed that location is a key ingredient in a store’s success, another
critical ingredient in Jollibee’s success in excellent supervision. Quality supervision is vital in
ensuring quality service, increasing service crew productivity, and reducing waste. Store
managers are key to motivating and controlling crew members responsible for cleaning the store,
taking orders, and preparing food.

Tony believes in empowerment and motivation. He maintains a strong rewards

system and encourages arriving at a consensus in any decision. Tony also describes his personal
management style as people-centered. In fact he disclosed that he has learned to be kind to
people, and he seldom scolds a person in the organization, even in private. Tony believes that his
employees become more productive when he motivates them, that is why he pushes them to
always give their best in whatever they do.

Listening is also a primary characteristic of Tony’s management style. He has

learned how to value the suggestions of others especially his employees. He believes that each
person, no matter what his or her position in the company, has a valuable insight that can give
the company an advantage in the industry.

7
Discussion Questions:

1. How will you describe Tony Tan’s management style?

 Tony Tan’s management style was a great job. Having courage is one of the
best characteristics you will have. His management style is a people-centered
because he learned to be kind to people. Also, he seldom scolds a person in
the organization, even in private. Tony believes that his employees become
 more productive when he motivates them and we all know that motivating
people is the best way to manage their attention or emotion.

2. Do you believe that Tony’s management style is worth emulating? Justify your answer.

 I guess it’s a yes. Because all of us or other people knows motivation and how
motivation helps their workers or other people. It can be emulated by others
because it’s so easy for us to motivate others for them to have a productive
day or work. Furthermore, I also believe that even though it can be
emulated, they have their own thinking on how will motivate others. We have
our own thinking, the style can be emulated but the words that will motivate
the workers cannot be emulated.

3. Should Tony’s approach in managing his employees continue as Jollibee expands? Why
or Why not?

 Yes! Because he has a good managing approach. If he will continue that kind
of approach, Jollibee can be more successful enough. In addition, being kind
to employees is one of the good approaches because it can be the cause of why
his employees will stay working at Jollibee for a long period of time. Last, if
you think that your managing strategy or approach catches their attention;
continue doing it because that’s one example of motivating them.

8
 McDonald’s: Opportunities and Challenges in the Global Market

McDonald’s is one of the most successful global brands

today. This highly recognized brand started with just a burger stall
in 1948 and slowly made its way to becoming one of the most
successful fast-food restaurants in the world.

One of the strengths of McDonald’s is brand recognition

and its leadership in the fast-food chain in many parts of the
world. Another notable strength is its strong organizational
culture which emanates from its employees openness for innovation and change. Its continued
growth in the global scene is attributed to its variety of products tailored to the country’s
consumption patterns and culture. Take for example its Chicken McNuggets. When it was
introduced in the United States, consumers’ never imagined eating chicken with their hands. To
entice customers further, the barbeque dip was introduced. Today, Chicken McNuggets is one of
the more popular products of McDonald’s in many countries around the world. However, one of
the weaknesses of McDonald’s is its delivery system and drive-through service. Many customers
complain about the slow delivery time and the long line of customers in their drive-throughs.

Since July of 2014, McDonald’s has experienced a steady decline in its sales. This is
primarily attributed to failures in operations particularly in Asia, where McDonald’s gets one-
fourth of its sales revenues. In China for example, sales fell after one of its suppliers used
expired chicken and beef. In Japan, a complaint was filed by a customer after discovering a tooth
and plastic in their food. Sales revenue was also affected by increased competition from other
brands in the United States. Sales revenues in a January 2015 report revealed that Burger King is
slowly but surely eating up the market share of McDonald’s in the US. At the same time, other
American fast-food restaurants such as Snack Shack and Chipotle Mexican Grill continue to
attract young customers with better quality food and an option to customize their orders by
choosing the ingredients for their burritos or burgers.

McDonald’s also faces stiff competitions from other international and local brands in
other countries in the Philippines, McDonald’s seems to be unable to adequately analyze tge
local market, leading to observations that it has failed to capture the unique “Filipino taste”. This
resulted in McDonald’s falling behind local brands like Jollibee. McDonald’s compensated by
offering value meals, which targeted budget-conscious Filipinos, to compete with Jollibee’s
budget meals. However, Jollibee still continues to dominate the Philippine fast-food market. In
China, KFC poses a big threat to McDonald’s as many Chinese prefer to eat chicken than beef.
Despite its efforts to please Chinese customers through renovations of its restaurants to make
tables, counters and chairs fit the body height and weight of the Chinese, KFC still remains the
preferred brand in the Chinese market.

9
 On the other hand, McDonald’s is more successful in France. It responds to the call of
customers to add espresso and more expensive sandwiches that cater to French taste in their
menu. It also offers additional products like tea and macaroons. The French response to
McDonald’s is positive, and this results in increased profits in the French market. McDonald’s
tries to replicate its success by establishing McCafes in other countries like the Philippines. This
move helps in strengthening McDonald’s market base in these countries.

One of the opportunities of McDonald’s is its continuous international growth. There is a

wide market for people who love eating burgers all over the world. On the other hand,
McDonald’s continue to innovate in response to the clamor of consumers for healthier food. The
growing call for the healthy food is a threat since burgers and fries are known to contain large
amount of calories and fat.

10
Discussion Questions:

1. What are the most important strengths of McDonald’s and how do they contribute to its
successful operations?

 One of the strengths of McDonald’s is brand recognition and leadership.

Another strength is its strong organizational culture which emanates from
the employees’ openness for innovation and change. They contribute to its
successful operations by continuing its growth in the global scene attributed
to its variety of products. Also, they help the operation successful by leading
the whole organization carefully and correctly. Having a good strength in an
organization is one of the best traits your organization has.

2. What developments can be considered threats to McDonald’s? Why do you think so?

 The developments that can be considered threats to McDonald’s are its low
of revenue and sales. The other one is competition from other international
and local brands. Because lowering of revenue makes your business fail and
it can be a threat to the whole organization. Aside from that, having
competition is one of the most threats to all of the business because you’ll feel
that your business is not popular anymore. It can also affect the sales because
other might buy from the other brands and that’s the competitors.

3. Which among the threats should McDonald’s prioritize? Why do you think so?

 McDonald’s should prioritize the competitors. I think because other brands

might like by people so for me McDonald’s should think how they can lose
the competitors they have. Also, they must think other strategies or new
products for the customers to have a new discovery of food. Prioritizing the
competitors is important because you’ll have so many ideas on how your
business will reach high among the others. Competitors can also be their
motivation. Last, competitors should be prioritizing because it gives them
some strength for them to build a new big idea for their organization to
increase in sales and revenues.

4. Why it is important for McDonald’s to consider the local taste and preferences of its
customers in every country?

 They should consider the taste and preferences because it’s their customers.
If they’ll not consider it, they might lose the good taste of their customers.
Remember that “customers are always right”. In addition, considering the

11
 taste and preferences in every country helps them to think other products
they will sell. All of us has different preferences, so considering other
people’s preferences can help the business gain more points to achieve
everybody’s taste.

5. Describe how McDonald’s addressed a perceived threat to its market. Was the strategy
effective?

 McDonald’s addressed a perceived threat to its market by improving its

products for their revenues and sales become high. Also, to achieve the taste
and preferences of other people. They focused on the customer’s complaints
for them to know what will they change or improve. I think their strategy
was effective because McDonald’s became more popular. Then, it gained
more customers in every other country in the world.

12
 ASEAN Economic Community

The establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

in 2015 is a major milestone in the regional economic integration
agenda in ASEAN, offering opportunities in the form of a huge market
of US$2.6 trillion and over 622 million people. In 2014, the AEC was collectively the third
largest economy in Asia in the seventh largest in the world.

The AEC Blueprint 2025, adopted by the ASEAN Leaders at the 27th ASEAN summit on
22 November 2015 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, provides broad directions through strategic
measures for the AEC from 2016 to 2025. It consists of five interrelated and mutually reinforcing
characteristics namely, (1) a highly integrated and cohesive economy; (2) a competitive,
innovative, and dynamic ASEAN; (3) an enhanced connectivity and sectoral cooperation; (4) a
resilient, inclusive, people-oriented, and people-centered ASEAN, and (5) a global ASEAN.

The sectoral work plans will be reviewed and updated periodically to ensure their
relevance and effectiveness. Partnership arrangements with the private sector, industry
associations, and a wider community at the regional and national levels will also be actively
sought and fostered to ensure an inclusive and participatory approach to the integration process.
Institutions will be strengthened and enhanced approached to monitoring and public outreach
will likewise be developed to support the effective implementation of the Blueprint.

The AEC Blueprint 2025 will lead towards an ASEAN that is more proactive, setting in
place the structure and frameworks to operate as an economic community, cultivating its
collective identity and strength to engage with the world, responding to new developments, and
seizing new opportunities. The new Blueprint will not only ensure that the 10 ASEAN member
states are economically integrated, but are also sustainably and gainfully integrated in the global
economy, thus contributing to the goal of shared prosperity.

13
Discussion Questions:

1. What is the intention of the ASEAN in establishing the ASEAN Economic Community?

 The intention of the ASEAN is to have opportunities in the form of huge

market of US $2.6 trillion and over 622 million people. Their intention also is
to ensure their relevance and effectiveness. ASEAN also tests if the
partnership arrangements with the private sector, industry associations and
the wider community at the regional and national levels will also be actively
sought and fostered. Another one is, they are checking if it will be
strengthened or enhanced approaches to monitoring and public outreach will
likewise be developed to support the effective implementation of the
Blueprint. Last, they are making sure that the ASEAN will be successful in
doing these things.

2. How long do you think will it take before the agenda of the AEC is realized? Why do you
think so?

 I think it will reach months or years before it will be realized. It takes time to
realize something. For me, before realizing it, there will be so much things
that will be checked, test or done to realize the whole agenda. Also, I think of
it because as we can see AEC is a huge thing. It takes so many works to
realize everything.

3. How will the establishment of the AEC affect our local business scene?

 The AEC is a big development in our economy. AEC is a great help for each
country in Asia which includes our country Philippines. Thus on the other
hand, there is also an effect on our local business scene. AEC brings
competition for our local industry. It can also give us motivation because of
the competition they bring.

4. Which of our local businesses, in your view, would be successful within the AEC? Why
do you think so?

 Local businesses, Bench for clothing. Jollibee for fast food. Also other
businesses such as handicraft. Another local business is the banks. These
businesses can compete locally and internationally due to their good quality
products standards.

14
Self-assessment:

How do you see yourself 10 years from now? Will you be working here in the Philippines
or somewhere else in another part of the world? What factors will influence your decisions
regarding your chosen occupation? What decisions and steps will you take to achieve your
goals?

 I see myself 10 years from now as a successful chef or business woman. I

think I can work both in the Philippines and somewhere else by having different
franchises or branches of my restaurant. The factors that will influence my
decisions regarding my chosen opinion are my family and the strength that I can do.
I’ll discern first if I’m already sure of what career will I follow then after that if I’m
already decided I’ll find a job that suits me then I’ will make my own business.

15
 Ayala Corporation’s 180 Years of Success

In 2014, Ayala Corporation celebrated its 180th year in

the business industry. Starting from a wine distillery business
in a rural town bank in 1834, it has evolved into one of the
largest business conglomerates in the Philippines.

The last few years have seen great economic changes

which has given the company positive economic momentum in
its pursuit of an aggressive growth strategy, venturing into
various business ventures and establishing several companies
in various industries and sectors. This has paid off since Ayala reached the ₱430 billion marks of
net earnings in 2014. This milestone was made more significant considering the company’s
anniversary that year. By the end of 2014, the Ayala family was hailed by Forbes as the 9 th
richest family in the Philippines.

The monumental successes that the Ayalas have been achieving owe to their ability to
continuously adapt to changes and to pursue different ways of thinking. The Ayala companies
have a widely acknowledged reputation for integrity, product and service quality, financial
strength and prudence, and high professionalism. That is the reason why many international
corporations see the company as an excellent business partner and the employer of choice for
many industry talents. Indeed, doing business is almost second nature to an Ayala.

Ayala Corporation has pioneered in many business ventures which include real estate
(Ayala Land, Inc.), banking (Bank of the Philippines Islands), telecommunications (Globe
Telecom), water infrastructure (Manila Water Company, Inc.), electronics manufacturing
(Integrated Micro-electronics, Inc.), business process outsourcing (LiveIt Investments, Ltd.), and
automotive dealership (Ayala Automotive Holdings Corp.). It continues to grow its portfolio and
set new tracks in power generation (AC Energy Holdings, Inc.), transport infrastructure (AC
Infrastructure Holdings Corp.), and education (Ayala Education, Inc.).

As an economy proceeds with a positive outlook in the coming years and continues to
present attractive opportunities, Ayala continues to innovate and to reinvent itself as it seeks new
opportunities for growth.

16
Discussion Questions:

1. What do you think is the main factor which contributes to Ayala Corporation’s success?

 I think the main factor which contributes to Ayala is the aggressive growth
strategy. Venturing into various business ventures and establishing several
companies in various industries and sectors. Aggressive growth strategy paid
off to Ayala Corporation. In addition, it became a milestone to Ayala
Corporation on its anniversary in 2014. Also, the Ayala hailed by Forbes as
the 9th richest family in the Philippines.

2. Why is Ayala Corporation an example of an “excellent business partner”?

 Ayala Corporation is an example of excellent business partner because they

have a good strategy in handling a business. They also have good thinking
skills. Also, the Ayala companies acknowledged reputation for integrity,
product and service quality, financial strength, and prudence, and high
professionalism. Ayala Corporation has shown many talents to their business
partners. Lastly, they have good communication to all of their business
partners.

3. Being a potential business owner, what will be your own version of an “aggressive
growth strategy”?

 My own version of aggressive growth strategy is when I’m checking all the
remaining stocks of my restaurant. Aggressive growth strategy is highly
conviction approach, emphasizing stocks across market. It was like focusing
on your stocks. So for me, as a potential business owner, I’ll always focus on
the stocks of my restaurant because it is very important to always have a
stock like the ingredients of the foods. Last, having this kind of strategy was
an effective one because Ayala Corporation is one example who used this
kind of strategy and it became successful.

17
Self- assessment:

Imagine yourself as an entrepreneur who wishes to engage in a business in your

community. What type of business do you imagine yourself establishing? Do you see yourself as
a sole proprietor, a partner in a business venture, or a high ranking officer in a bug corporation?
What achievements or goals do you envision to achieve in your company? How will you attain
those goals?

 I think I’ll establish a restaurant business. I think I see myself as a sole

proprietor. I want to achieve the goal of to be a famous and the most well-
known restaurant in the world. I’ll attain that goal by doing my best to
manage my business properly and I’ll think of many strategies to achieve
that goal. Also, I’ll motivate my workers for them to work properly and for
them to be motivated to do their job. Aside from those, I can also have a one
day free taste of all my dishes for the customers to know their opinions and
suggestions then I will apply it for my business to become more successful.

18
 ABS-CBN and Two Decades of Public Service

In 1989, ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation founded the Lingkod Kapamilya

Foundation, Inc. as its flagship organizational that engages in development programs that cater to
the welfare and improvement of Philippine society. The foundation is ABS-CBN’s manifestation
of its commitment to provide service to the Filipino people.

ABS-CBN Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation, Inc. is committed to providing public service

to different sectors of society, primarily the disadvantaged population of the country. The
foundation implements projects through multisectoral partnerships which embody the spirit of
bayanihan or collective unity or teamwork. These projects involved child care protection,
education, environment, disaster management, and community development. In line with the
spirit of bayanihan, these public service programs also encouraged the involvement of concerned
citizens by allowing them to take part in the said project through various means.

The foundation has also establishes several programs in line with advocacy on child
welfare, environment and community development. E-media pioneered the production of
education TV programs like Bayani, Sineskwela, Hirayamanawari, Math Tinik, and Epol/Apple.
These programs have garnered various awards and recognitions. Bantay Bata 163 focuses on
child welfare and protection and serves as the country’s first media-based organization that
provides childcare program. Bantay Kalikasan, addresses environmental concerns and
implements programs for environmental protection and preservation. The Sagip Kapamilya and
Bayanijuan aim to assist Filipinos affected by natural calamities and to help them rebuild their
communities from the group up.

The Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation continues to uphold its mission of service to the
community, at-risk children, and less privileged and disadvantaged Filipinos. The foundation
also upholds the highest standards of responsibility and transparency in the utilization and
allotment of donated resources, whether in cash or kind, as a commitment to its stakeholders,
partners, donors and supporters.

19
Discussion Questions:

1. What goals inspired ABS-CBN to establish the Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation?

 ABS-CBN founded the Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation as its flagship

organization that engages in development programs that cater to the welfare
and improvement of Philippine society. This means that they are inspired by
the programs that must be developed in our society. Their manifestation of
its commitment to provide service to the Filipino people. Also, they are
inspired by the health and lifestyle of all the Filipinos especially those who
are poor. Last, there goal is to help other people because everyone deserves a
beautiful welfare.

2. What advocacies are supported by the programs initiated by the Foundation?

 The foundation implements projects through multisectoral partnerships

which embody the spirit of bayanihan or collective unity or teamwork. These
projects involved child care and protection, education. Environment, disaster
management, and community development. In line with the spirit of
bayanihan, these public service programs also encourage the involvement of
concerned citizens by allowing them to take part in the said project through
various means. Also, the advocacy of helping others especially the children
are supported by the foundation by the E-media pioneered the production of
educational TV programs.

3. How is the concept of bayanihan incorporated in the programs implemented by the

foundation?

 Its concept is to embody the spirit of collective unity or teamwork. It shows

how you will help other people. Also, Bayanihan aim to assist Filipinos
affected by natural calamities and to help the rebuild their communities from
the ground up. In addition, bayanihan gives service to all Filipinos who need
help. There are people called volunteers doing this bayanihan like giving
food to the people who are affected by the typhoon, etc.

4. What kind of ethical perspective is applied by ABS-CBN in establishing the foundation?

Explain your answer.

 I think the ethical perspective applied by the ABS-CBN is being helpful to

other people. Giving the needs of other people affected by the calamities.
Furthermore, prioritizing the persons who need attention because of their

20
 welfare. Especially the kids or children who need education because it’s very
important now days in our daily lives. Lastly, having a soft heart in giving
and helping other people without asking in return.

5. What benefits will ABS-CBN gain in pursuing its corporate social responsibility?

 It will benefit ABS-CBN by gaining the support of the people who they help.
The things they are giving will come back to them as a big blessing. We all
know that “it’s better to give than to receive”, because the return of it will be
unexpected given by God. Also, it will benefit them as a person or as a whole
for learning so many lessons that will apply in their lives. They will learn the
things like they are so blessed that they have the things they have or want.

Self- assessment:

Have you personally undertaken a socially responsible action in your community? If yes,
how has this benefited you as an individual? If you have not yet engaged in such action, what
issues or concerns in your local community do you believe local officials or groups should
address?

 Not yet. The issue that the local officials should address is the issue on drugs. We all
know that many people are using illegal drugs now a day. For me, they should focus
on how it will be solved and what action they can do to prevent the usage of illegal
drugs. I’m concern about this issue because I’m thinking about their health because
I know illegal drugs is bad for our health and it has many side effects that can have
a huge effect in our life.

21
 Bench Takes on the Challenges of the Clothing Industry

Bench is recognized as one of the leading local clothing companies in the Philippines.
The Bench brand has distinguished itself because of its versatile product line, its diverse chain of
stores and franchises, and its strong marketing campaign.

Initially established as a boutique that offered men’s T-shirts and jeans, Bench has
branched off and diversified its product line to include a variety of men’s and women’s clothing,
apparel, intimate wear, footwear, fragrance and cosmetics. It has also established other brands
and franchises which include popular foreign brands such as Celio, Charles & Keith, and Aldo,
as well as local brands such as Human and Kashieca. At present, there are hundreds of Bench
outlets, franchises and retailers which give the company a wide and enduring presence in the
market. Additionally, Bench has gained renown for its advertisements campaigns. The company
is known to tap the best talents and most recognizable celebrities to be its endorsers and image
models. It has also employed a variety of effective media campaigns on television, print media,
and billboards. Bench advertisements and billboards are among the most recognizable ad
campaigns in the industry.

Notwithstanding its stature as an industry leader in the clothing business, Bench other
local clothing companies continue to face various challenges in the market. One of these
challenges is the cost of production and operations. Frequent changes in prices of raw materials
result in increased production costs. Clothing companies can decide to pass on the cost to their
consumers, but that would result in increased prices for their products. Top clothing brands such
as Bench have decided to absorb the cost of production in order to maintain competitive prices in
the market. Another challenge is the high cost of renting commercial space in malls. Many mall
operators require tenants to give an advance payment equivalent to several months of rent, apart
from the expenses for renovating and improving the space. Finally, the high cost of labor is also
a challenge to clothing companies, particularly for Bench, which uses local manufacturers and
suppliers for majority of its products.

Another challenge to clothing companies and retailers is the often-changing consumption

of buyers. Changes in preferences among consumers often follow a pattern. For instance, during
the holiday season sales of clothing and apparel are expected to increase. However, consumers
nowadays tend to be more price-conscious and opt for less expensive items. This is also evident

22
in the behavior of consumers during mall sales. People take advantage of the lower prices and
malls are often crowded with buyers during sale seasons. Ordinarily, these result in an increase
in the number of sold items for clothing companies. However, this does not necessarily mean an
increase in profit since the product on sale are “off season” items and those left unsold from
previous stocks that have to be sold to avoid losses for the company.

The entry of foreign clothing brands in the Philippines is a major challenge which has
affected sales of local clothing companies. Clothing stores such as Forever21 from the US,
Uniqlo of Japan, and Swedish brand H&M have entered the Philippine market. Despite the entry
of these foreign brands, Bench has maintained a steady footing in sales and even steadily
increases its sales.

The influx of foreign clothing brands into the Philippines has motivated Bench to take the
opportunity and establish its brand internationally. At present, Bench has made significant strides
in establishing itself as a global brand. Bench stores have opened in the Middle East, the United
States, Canada, Singapore, and China. Overseas Filipinos form a large portion of Bench’s
international clientele, but the company plans to cater to a more international audience. A big
limitation to the expansion of Bench and other clothing brands is that foreign clothing companies
are often heavily supported by their respective governments. Incentives and subsidies enable the
foreign companies to make cheaper products due to decrease manufacturing costs. In the
Philippines, There is little support for clothing manufacturers and retailers. Another challenge for
Bench is to come up with local clothing lines that will capture the interest of foreign markets.
Since Bench primarily caters to a clientele in a tropical country, it has limited options with
regard clothing for colder seasons such as winter and fall.

23
A. Conduct a SWOT analysis of Bench using the table below. Fill in the table with the
appropriate information.

STRENGTHS OPPORTUNITIES
 Has many outlets, franchises &  Have a high chance of rise of
retailers sales

 Advertisement Campaigns  Many customers will buy in every

outlet they have

 Has the most recognizable

celebrity endorsers  Best leading company
WEAKNESSES THREATS
 Cost of productions and  Competitive prices
operations
 High cost of renting commercial
 Frequent changes in prices of raw space in malls
materials

 High cost of labor

 Increased production costs

1. Which of the company’s strengths can be used to take advantage of the identified
opportunities?

 I think “many outlets, franchises and retailers” are the company’s strength
that can be used to take advantage of the identified opportunities. Having
this kind of strength helps the company to be recognized and have lots of
customers to buy. Also, the customers will experienced so many products in
every outlet. It can take advantage to the sales that the company may have.
Last, having this kind of strengths can make the company the best leading
company.

2. How can the strengths be used to minimize the threats that were identified?

 The strengths can be used to minimize the threats by having increase in sales
and if the sales increased it can pay the rent easily. Then having recognizable
celebrities can attract customers to buy. Even though it has competitive
prices, having many outlets can minimize the competition. Also, if the
company used a cheap advertisement it can decrease the cost in labor. Lastly,
having retailers can minimize the competitor’s price competition.

24
3. How can identified opportunities be used to address the company’s weaknesses?

 It can be used to address the company’s weaknesses by making its

weaknesses as a motivation. The company can use the opportunities to lessen
the weaknesses of the company. Furthermore, having opportunities makes
the company a high to reach its goal. Opportunities can be used to address its
weaknesses by thinking some techniques on how to minimize its weaknesses.
Also, it can show or addressed what or how the weaknesses can be solved.

4. How can the weaknesses be minimized to avoid the impending threats identified?

 Weaknesses can be minimized by looking for the opportunities that the

company has. It can be minimized to avoid the threats by thinking what
technique can be applied in order to achieve every opportunity has. In
addition, they can use the strengths of the company in order to minimize its
weaknesses to avoid the threats. The opportunities can also be a motivation
for the company to think what to do to the weaknesses of their company to
avoid the impending threats. Most importantly, the identified threats can be
avoided by doing a good and smart strategy.

B. Perform a PEST analysis of the company. List all the different factors mentioned in the
selection in the table below, then briefly explain its impact on the company.

POLITICAL ECONOMIC
 Low on government support  High inflation rate
IMPACT: IMPACT:

 Cannot have the full support of  The products will be expensive and
the government in maintaining the income will more become low.
consumers.
SOCIAL TECHNOLOGICAL
 Good communication to the  Innovation
buyers
IMPACT: IMPACT:

 Helps the company get good  New inventions can be recognized.

sales because of the good
business communication skills
of the workers.

25
C. Self- assessment:

Assess your personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Jot down your
greatest strength, weakness, and your biggest opportunity and threat involving the former.
Develop a strategy using the SWOT Matrix.

OPPORTUNITY THREAT
 Academic Competitions  Over thinker

 Extra Co-Curricular  Self-competition

Activities
 Negative
thinking
 Different Experience of
Business
STRENGTH STRENGTH OPPORTUNITY STRENGTH THREAT
 God & Family  Support of my family  Positivity

 Talents  Compete in the  Self-motivation

different competitions
 Knowledge  Have faith
 Join different activities
 Hardworking
WEAKNESS WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITY WEAKNESS THREAT
 Challenges  Not minding the  Move forward
negativeness
 Being compared  Be productive
 Fight challenges
 Low confidence

26
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Steve Jobs and Management ………………………………………………………………… 1

Discussion Questions …………………………………………………………………. 3

Henry Ford and Scientific Management ……………………………………………………. 5

Discussion Questions …………………………………………………………………. 6

Tony and Jollibee: Building a Local Fast-food Giant ……………………………………… 7

Discussion Questions ………………………………………………………………….. 8

McDonald’s: Opportunities and Challenges in the Global Market ……………………….. 9

Discussion Questions………………………………………………………………….. 11

ASEAN Economic Community …………………………………………………………….... 13

Discussion Questions …………………………………………………………………. 14

Self- Assessment ………………………………………………………………………. 15

Ayala Corporation’s 180 Years of Success ………………………………………………….. 16

Discussion Questions …………………………………………………………………. 17

Self- Assessment ………………………………………………………………………. 18

ABS-CBN and Two Decades of Public Service ……………………………………………... 19

Discussion Questions …………………………………………………………………. 20

Self- Assessment ………………………………………………………………………. 21

Bench Takes on the Challenges of the Clothing Industry ………………………………….. 22

SWOT Analysis ………………………………………………………………………. 24

Discussion Questions ………………………………………………………………… 24

PEST Analysis ……………………………………………………………………….. 25

Self- Assessment ……………………………………………………………………… 26

27
ss

28