SOLUTIONS

& THEIR
PROPERTIES
PREPARED BY GROUP # 3
III-ARMSTRONG
LEADER: NG, MICAH ANGELICA
ASST. LEADER: DAYRIT, RAZEN PAUL
MEMBERS:
ITAAS, ALLEC ANNPERNEE
PALAYON, MICHAEL
RADA, RAE CHRISTIAN
PART I – SOLUTIONS
Definition of terms

 Solution- are homogeneous mixtures of two or more

substances.
-Consist of a solvent and one or more solutes.
 Solvent- the component of a solution that is present in
the greater amount.
-It is the substance in which the solute is
dissolved.
 Solute- spread evenly throughout the solution.
-cannot be separated by filtration.
-can be separated by evaporation.
-are not visible but can give a color to the
solution.
 Molarity – the number of gram moles of the dissolved solute
per liter of solution.
-represented by “M’.
-convenient and commonly used method of expressing the
concentration of a solution.
-slightly decreases with increase in temperature of the
solution due to increase in volume.
Formula
M = Number of moles of solute
volume of the solution in liters
Standard Unit: MOLES/LITER

 Molality- the number of gram moles of the solute dissolved

in one kilogram of the solvent.
-Represented by “m”
-independent of temperature.
Formula:
m = number of gram moles of the solute
weight of solvent kilograms
Standard unit: Mole/Kg

 Normality- the number of gram equivalents of the solute

dissolved in one liter of the solution.
 -Decreases with the increase in temperature of the
solution.
Formula:
N = weight of solute in grams
Gram equivalent weight of solute

Standard Unit: Gram Equivalent/Liter

Problem Solving (SOLUTIONS)
1.) What is the molarity of 50.0g NaCl in a 500.0ml solution?
2.) What mass of H2SO4 is needed to prepare 2.00M of 2 Liter solution?
3.) Calculate the “M” of 50.0cm3 of a solution containing 150.0g
NaOH
4.) How many cubic centimeters of 2.750M Ba(NO3)2 are needed to
prepare 100Ml of 1.250M solution?
5.) Calculate the molality of 2 molar solution of NaOH given density
of solution is 2.04g/ml
6.) What is the molality of 125.0g NaCl in a 580ml solution?
7.) What mass of H2SO4 is needed to prepare 1.50M of 2.50 Liters
solution?
8.) Calculate the “M” of 275cm3 of a solution containing 50.0g NaOH
9.) How many cubic centimeters of 0.750M Ba(NO3)2 are needed to
prepare 250 ml of 0.250M solution?
10.) Calculate the molality of 3.00 molar solution of NaOH given
density of solution is 1.6g/ml

PART II
PROPERTIES of Solutions

 Colligative Property – are whose properties of solutions that

depend on the number of dissolved particles in solution but not on
the identities of the solutes.
Example: if the molar mounts of solute are the same and the number of
ions is the same, the freezing points will be the same.
Freezing Point Depression – solution freezing points are always lower
than that if the solvent liquid.

Formula:𝜟𝑻𝒇 = 𝒌𝒇 𝒎

Application: ice cream – ice/salt mix gets colder than the freezing point
of ice cream mixture.
Problem Solving: 31.65g NaCl ids added to 220.0ml of water at 34 degrees
Celsius. How will this affect the freezing point of water? Assume the
NaCl complete dissociates in water.
  Boiling Point Elevation – greater temperature to reach boiling
point.

Formula: 𝜟𝑻𝒃 = 𝒌𝒃 𝒎 solute

Application: how spaghetti cooks faster in salt water.
Problem: we add 475g sucrose to 600g of water. What is the boiling point
of the solution?
 Vapor Pressure – solute interferes and prevents solvent molecules
from escaping into the atmosphere.
Formula: P SOLVENT = X solvent(P solvent)

Application: putting antifreeze in car’s radiator to prevent

overheating.

Problem Solving: calculate the vapor pressure lowering (𝛥P) when 175g
of sucrose is dissolved into 350.0ml of water at 75 degrees Celsius. The
vapor pressure of pure water at 75 degrees Celsius is 289.1mmHg and its
density is 0.97489g/ml.
 Osmotic Pressure – the flow of solvent through a semipermeable
membrane into a solution.
- The semipermeable membrane allows solvent molecules to pass but
not solute molecules.
Formula: π = MRT
Application: fishes die in pure water tank.
Problem: a physician studying hemoglobin dissolves 21.5mg of the protein
in water at 5.0 degrees Celsius to make 1.5ml solution in order to
measure its osmotic pressure. At equilibrium the solution has osmotic
pressure of 3.61 torr. What is the molar mass of the hemoglobin?
PROBLEM SOLVING (PROPERTIES)
1.) What is the boiling point if 60.5g of glycol(1.00mol) is
dissolved n 310.0g of water?
2.) What is the freezing point of a 5.0 molality solution of NaCl?
3.) Dissolve 50.0g of glycol(1.00mol) in 250g of water. What is the
boiling point of the solution?
4.) At what temperature will a 5 molality solution of NaCl freeze?
Calculate the freezing point and boiling point of 90g(NH4)2 C4H4O6
in 500ml of water.
5.) Calculate the freezing point and boiling point of 90.0g(NH4)2
C4H4O6 in 600ml of water.
6.) what mass of oxalic acid H2C2O4 is required to make 5.0M 500
liters of a 1.2500M solution?