TUGAS AKHIR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
PROGRAM STUDI S-1 TEKNIK MESIN
SEMARANG
MEI 2018
HALAMAN TUGAS AKHIR
Diberikan kepada:
Nama : Prataza Fachmi Nur
NIM : 21050113130196
Pembimbing : Sri Nugroho, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.
Jangka Waktu :
Judul : Analisis Kegagalan Clutch Lining pada Sepeda Motor
Matic 125 cc
Isi Tugas :
Sri Nugroho, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. Dr. Mohammad Tauviqirrahman, S.T., M.T.
NIP. 197501181999031001 NIP. 198105202003121002
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HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS
NIM : 21050113130196
Tanda Tangan :
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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
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HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI
TUGAS AKHIR UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Dibuat di : Semarang
Pada Tanggal : 14 Mei 2018
Yang menyatakan,
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Persembahan
Motto
“Stop underestimating yourself”
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ABSTRAK
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ABSTRACT
Failure analysis is an important process for determined the root cause of problem
occurred in a damaged component with an objective is to know the characteristic
of the root cause itself and prevent them to happen in second time. This research
explains about the clutch lining failure on matic type 125 cc motorcycle that has
been operated for about 20.000 kilometers. When the clutch lining component
began to failure, it caused the decrease of its performance, shown by the degradation
of motorcycle acceleration while riding. The cause and the mechanism of failure
investigated in a laboratory test which is visual observation, macrograph, chemical
component and micrograph test. The result of visual observation is there was a form
of wear which is a difference of thickness between the failed clutch lining and the
new one. The result of macrograph test is the type of abrasion of clutch lining,
clutch housing and wear debris are plowing and surface fatigue which is caused by
the deformation of repetition cycle with sliding mechanism. The result of chemical
component test confirmed the existence of chrysotile as the primary mineral phase
in the sample. The result of micrograph observation with SEM show that the type
of wear is torn fiber, wear debris and groove which is caused by high speed of
sliding. The result of SEM/EDX in matrix show that there are some element consist
like carbon (C), iron (Fe), and oxygen (O) which roles in the strengthen of lining
structure, besides the result of SEM/EDX test in the fiber show that there are some
element consist like titanium (Ti), oxygen (O), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si)
which roles as reinforcing fiber. This research conclude that the failure mechanism
is caused by the big amount of third body abrasion in the surface of clutch lining,
clutch housing and wear debris.
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT atas berkat dan rahmat
yang diberikan kepada penulis sehingga dapat menyelesaikan laporan Tugas
Sarjana ini. Tugas Sarjana yang berjudul “Analisis Kegagalan Clutch Lining pada
Sepeda Motor Matic 125 CC” ini dimaksudkan sebagai syarat dalam menyelesaikan
Pendidikan Tingkat Strata Satu (S1) Departemen Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
Dalam kesempatan ini penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa hormat dan
terimakasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dan memberikan dorongan
selama penyelesaian Tugas Sarjana ini, antara lain:
1. Bapak Sri Nugroho, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah
memberikan bimbingan, pengarahan, motivasi dan petunjuk kepada penulis
dalam menyusun Tugas Sarjana ini sehingga dapat terselesaikan dengan baik.
2. Orang tua, adik dan keluarga yang telah banyak memberikan bantuan.
3. Keluarga besar Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin UNDIP angkatan 2013 yang telah
berjuang bersama menjalani masa-masa kuliah dari awal hingga akhir.
Dengan penuh kerendahan hati, penyusun menyadari akan kekurangan dan
keterbatasan pengetahuan yang penyusun miliki sehingga tentu saja penyusunan
Tugas Sarjana ini jauh dari sempurna, untuk itu penyusun mengharapkan saran dan
kritik yang membangun dari semua pihak demi kemajuan penulis untuk masa yang
akan datang.
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................ 1
1.2. Tujuan Penulisan .................................................................................... 2
1.3. Batasan Masalah ..................................................................................... 2
1.4. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................... 2
1.5. Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................. 3
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2.2.2.2. Driven Pulley ......................................................................................... 9
2.2.2.3. V-Belt ................................................................................................... 10
2.2.3. Cara Kerja Mesin CVT ......................................................................... 11
2.3. Kopling (Clutch) .................................................................................. 12
2.3.1. Friction Clutch ..................................................................................... 13
2.4. Kopling Sentrifugal (Centrifugal Clutch) ............................................. 15
2.4.1. Komponen Penyusun Kopling Sentrifugal ............................................ 16
2.4.1.1. Drive Plate ........................................................................................... 16
2.4.1.2. Damper Rubber .................................................................................... 16
2.4.1.3. Side Plate............................................................................................. 17
2.4.1.4. E-Clip .................................................................................................. 17
2.4.1.5. Shoes Spring........................................................................................ 18
2.4.1.6. Clutch Weight ...................................................................................... 18
2.4.1.7. Clutch Lining ....................................................................................... 19
2.5. Analisa Statik pada Kopling ................................................................. 19
2.6. Kegagalan pada Clutch Lining .............................................................. 20
2.7. Friction Material ................................................................................. 21
2.7.1. Asbestos .............................................................................................. 24
2.7.1.1. Chrysotile ............................................................................................ 25
2.7.2. Composite ............................................................................................ 26
2.7.2.1. Polymer Matrix Composite .................................................................. 27
2.7.2.2. Metal Matrix Composite ...................................................................... 27
2.7.2.3. Ceramic Matrix Composite .................................................................. 27
2.8. Proses Permesinan ............................................................................... 28
2.8.1. Mixing ................................................................................................. 29
2.8.2. Moulding ............................................................................................. 30
2.8.3. Curing ................................................................................................. 31
2.9. Keausan (Wear) ................................................................................... 32
2.9.1. Mekanisme Keausan ............................................................................ 33
2.9.2. Keausan Abrasif (Abrasive Wear) ........................................................ 33
2.9.2.1. Deformasi Siklus Tunggal .................................................................... 36
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2.9.2.2. Deformasi Siklus Berulang .................................................................. 36
2.9.3. Keausan Adesif (Adhesive Wear) ......................................................... 38
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
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Gambar 3.2. Mikroskop makro Rax Vision ...................................................... 43
Gambar 3.3. Optilab ........................................................................................ 43
Gambar 3.4. SEM with EDX ............................................................................ 44
Gambar 3.5. X-ray diffractometers .................................................................. 44
Gambar 3.6. (a) Clutch lining yang mengalami kegagalan dan (b) clutch lining
baru ............................................................................................. 45
Gambar 3.7. Spesimen uji visual (a) Clutch lining yang mengalami kegagalan dan
(b) clutch lining baru ................................................................... 46
Gambar 3.8. Prinsip kerja SEM ....................................................................... 48
Gambar 3.9. Prinsip kerja EDX ....................................................................... 49
Gambar 3.10. Difraksi sinar-X pada XRD ......................................................... 50
Gambar 4.1. Clutch lining yang mengalami kegagalan .................................... 51
Gambar 4.2. Perbedaan ketebalan antara (a) clutch lining aus dengan (b) clutch
lining baru ................................................................................... 53
Gambar 4.3. Perbedaan permukaan antara (a) clutch lining aus dengan (b) clutch
lining baru ................................................................................... 54
Gambar 4.4. Hasil pengamatan visual clutch lining yang sudah aus dengan
perbesaran 1x .............................................................................. 55
Gambar 4.5. Grafik hasil pengujian XRD ........................................................ 56
Gambar 4.6. Grafik hasil pengujian XRD dengan software Match ................... 58
Gambar 4.7. Hasil pengujian SEM dengan perbesaran 5000x .......................... 59
Gambar 4.8. Hasil pengujian SEM dengan perbesaran 15000x ........................ 60
Gambar 4.9. Hasil pengujian EDX pada matriks .............................................. 61
Gambar 4.10. Hasil pengujian EDX pada serat .................................................. 62
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DAFTAR TABEL
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NOMENKLATUR
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