STRUCTURE 4

PASSIVE VOICE
Dosen pengampu : Galuh Chandra Pratama, M.Pd.

Disusun oleh:

Laili Rozaq Nurul Huda : 113-12-035

JURUSAN TARBIYAH

SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (STAIN)

SALATIGA

2014

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INTRODUCTION

Grammar and structure are important things in english. We must

understanding well about verb, adjective, adverb, noun, pronoun, prepossition etc.

In these report i will explain about passive voice. Definition, forms and all about

passive voice. Discuss and sharing to increase our knowledge especially in structure

and grammar. Make us can identiffy if our structure in english is wrong, and we can

improve be better.

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Table Of Content

 Tittle Page..................................................................................................... 1

 Introduction................................................................................................... 2

 Table of cotent.............................................................................................. 3

 Content....................................................................................................... 4-10

o Form.................................................................................................. 4

o Agent................................................................................................. 7

o Active to pasive ................................................................................ 8

o By and with........................................................................................ 8

o Double object verb............................................................................. 9

o Uses of passive voice........................................................................ 10

 Conclution.....................................................................................................11

 Preferences................................................................................................... 12

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FORM

A. The pasive of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the

same tense as the active verb and adding the past participle of the active

verb. The subject of the active verb becomes ‘agent’ of the passive verb. The

agent is very often mentioned. When it is mentioned it is preceded by by and

placed at the end of the clause:

Ex. This tree was planted by my grandfather

B. Examples of present, past and perfect passive tense;

a. Active : We keep the butter here.

Passive : The butter is kept here.

b. Active : They broke the window.

Passive : The window was broken.

c. Active : People have seen wolves in the streets.

Passive : Wolves have been seen in the streets.

C. Modal Auxiliary Passive Voice

Can – Could May – Might Will – Would

Must – Had to Shall – Should Ougth to

Active

· Toni can speak english

· Rian may drink coffe.

Passive

· English can be spoken by Toni.

· Coffe may be drank by Rian

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D. Gerund combination

 Advise/insist/propose/recomended/suggest + gerund + object are

usually expressed in the passive by that . . . should, as above
A ; He recomended using bullet-proof glass.
P ; He recomended that bullet-proof glass should be used.

 It/they + need + gerund can also be expressed by it/they + need +

passive infinitive. Both forms are passive meaning.

 Other gerund combination are expressed in the passive by the passive

gerund:

A ; I remember them taking me to the zoo.

P ; I remember being taken to the zoo.

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Active tenses and their passive equivalents

Tense/verb form Active voice Passive voice

Simple present Keeps

Present continous Is keeping Is kept

Simple past Kept Is being kept

Past cotinous Was keeping Was kept

Present perfect Has kept Was being kept

Past perfect Had kept Has been kept

Future Will kept Had been kept

Conditional Would kept Will be kept

Perfect conditional Would have kept Would be kept

Present infinitife To kept Would have been kept

Perfect infinitive To have kept To have been kept

Present participle Keeping Being kept

Perfect participle Having kepy Having been kept

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AGENT

To say who did the action that we are talking about, ie. to refer to the

agent, we use the preposition by and the name, noun, or pronoun at the end of the

sentence.

We usually only refer to the agent when it gives us some important information which

otherwise would be missing from the sentence.

Ex. Our house was designed by a famous architect.

We don’t mention the agent:

1. if we don’t know who has done what we are talking about.

Our car was stolen last night. (We don’t know who stole it)

2. if we are not interested in who has done what we are talking about or it is not

important to mention it. He has been taken to hospital. (What we are

interested in is the fact that he has been taken to hospital and not who has

taken him.)

3. if it is easy to understand who did something without it being mentioned. The

murderer was arrested last night. (It is not necessary to mention that he has

been arrested by the police because it is self-evident.)

4. if the subject of the active voice sentence is something like somebody,

people, they, you, etc. Someone broke the window.(The window was broken.)

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ACTIVE TO PASSIVE

 To change a sentence from the active voice to the passive voice the Object of

the active voice sentence becomes the subject of the passive voice sentence.

A ; Agatha Christie wrote this book.

P ; This book was written by Agatha Christie.

 we change the main verb of the active voice sentence into the passive voice.

The tense remains unchanged.

 The subject of the active voice sentence becomes the agent of the passive

sentence. It is placed after the past participle and it is preceded by the

preposition by.

BY OR WITH?

In the passive voice, we use:

 by with the agent to refer to by whom the action is being done. The door was

opened. by Mr Black. (Mr Blak = agent)

 with to refer to the instrument, object or material that was used for something

to be done.

-The door was opened with a key. (a key = the object that was used)

-The omelette was made with eggs, cheese and peppers. (eggs,

cheese and peppers = the material that was used)

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DOUBLE OBJECT VERBS

When we have verbs that take two objects like, for example, give somebody

something, we can convert the active sentence into a passive one in two ways:

a. by making the indirect (animate) object the subject of the passive voice

sentence, which is also the way that we usually prefer.

b. By making the direct (in animate) object the subject of the passive voice.

Rick gave me (indirect object) this book (direct object).

A ; I was given this book by Rick.

P ; This book was given to me by Rick.

Some of the verbs that take two objects are

give,tell,send,show,bring,write,offer,pay,etc.

When the indirect object is alone after the verb in the passive voice sentence, it

needs the preposition to.

If the indirect object of the active voice sentence is a personal pronoun it has to be

changed into a subject pronoun to be the subject of the passive voice sentence.

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USES OF THE PASSIVE

a) When the doer of the action is obvious to the listener or reader.

 She was taken to hospital.

b) When the agent is not known.

 The famous pop singer was kidnapped yesterday.

c) When we mean “people in general”.

 More information can be found on our website.

d) When the action is more important than the doer.

 The new pub is being opened tomorrow.

e) When we want to avoid responsibility for disagreeable announcements or

statements.

 The party is called off

instead of:

 I called off the party.

 This work has been plagiarised

Instead of:

 You have plagiarised this work.

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CONCLUTION

Studied practice in structure make students more understand in forms, positions, and

other parts of word in english. It can help us when we will make a written teks, improve our

skills and build our knolledge about english. Structure is important so that we must learn it

and not do a mistakes. Learn everything for details from the core to make perfection in our

english.

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REFERENCES:

• Martin Hewings. 2005. Advanced Grammar in Use, Cambridge University Press.

• Thomson, A. J. and A.V. Martinet. 2003. A Practical English Grammar, Oxford

University Press.

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