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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

PANDANGAN ISLAM MENGENAI REDUCED INEQUALITIES

DISUSUN OLEH :

Arfi Ahmad Muafi Hassannusi

(270110177025)

FAKULTAS TEKNIK GEOLOGI

UNIVERSITAS PADJAJARAN

SUMEDANG

2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ...................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................. iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Statement of Problems ........................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Goals ....................................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................... 2
A. Basis for the occurrence of gaps ................................................................................................. 2
B. Pancasila’s Viewpoint on Matters of Inequality ......................................................................... 3
C. The Role of Scholars as Agents of Development in the Effort of Reducing Inequalities in
Indonesia ............................................................................................................................................. 4
CHAPTER III CLOSING .............................................................................................................................. 7
A. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 7
B. RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................................. 8
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................................ 9

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PREFACE

In the name of Allah SWT, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, the author gives
praise and gratitude on His presence, who has bestowed upon us His grace, guidance, and care,
such that the author may finish this paper on the 10th topic of discussion of Sustainable
Development Goals, Reduced Inequalities.

This paper has been arranged with the help of multiple parties to permit the writing of this
paper. For that, the author would like to convey her thanks to all parties who have contributed to
the writing of this paper.

With the hopes that this paper may increase the knowledge and experience of the reader,
and that in the future they may add to this paper in the hopes bettering this paper.
Due to the limits of the author’s knowledge and experiences, the author is certain that
there may be flaws in this paper. Because of that, the author would appreciate any constructive
criticism from the reader for the better of this paper.

Sumedang, 15 December 2017

Author,

Arfi Ahmad M. Hassannusi


270110177025

iii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
As a large nation with plentiful resources, Indonesia has the potential to become a large
and developed nation, dignified, and in a better state than what it is currently.
All that can happen if it is based on a foundation of quality human resources. The
problem of the world, including Indonesia, is a lack of human resources which are ready to
compete, or cannot fully contribute to a national or international scope of work, resulting in the
insufficient national revenue to surpass the stage of developing nation.

Income inequality is a global problem which requires a global solution. This would
involve the improvement of regulations, market supervision, and financial institutions, as well
as pushing foreign aid for development and foreign investments directly to regions which need
it the most. Facilitating the secure movement and mobility of the population is also the key to
bridge the ever-widening gap.
Income inequality is rising, the richest 10% control 40% of global revenues, while on
the other hand, the poorest 10% only control 2%-7% of global revenue. In developing nations,
this inequality has risen 11% if population growth is considered.
The ever-widening gap is a call to act which requires the adoption of the right policies
to empower people with lower incomes, in the lowest percentage, and to promote economic
inclusion for all people regardless of their gender, race, or ethnicity.
Reducing inequalities is one of the 17 Global Goals arranged in "Transforming our
World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development." With an integrated approach being
crucial for progress in all goals.

1.2 Statement of Problems


a. What has become the basis for income inequality in Indonesia?
b. How have scholars, as agents of development, contributed to the effort of reducing
inequalities in Indonesia?
1.3 Goals
Increasing the awareness of Indonesian society capable in terms of material
1. to participate in reducing income inequality in Indonesia.
2. Providing information to Indonesians to deal with income inequality, which is a
global challenge faced by the third world.
3. To find out the role of scholars as Indonesia’s agents of change.

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CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Basis for the occurrence of inequality

Indonesia is an archipelago which consists of thousands of large and small islands, with
a total land area of around 2 million square kilometers and having the 4th largest population in
the world, after China, India, and the United States. Indonesia’s high fertility or birth rate is
one of the main factors contributing to the increase of population, aside from migration. Annual
births in Indonesia remain relatively high, rising in rate since 2000, reaching 4,5 million annual
births. This high birth rate is what caused the surge of population in Indonesia. The large
population naturally caused many problems, among others poverty, educational problems, etc.
Those problems are what trigger the emergence of social gaps in people’s lives.
The increase in population, which was not accompanied by the creation of sufficient
jobs, caused the number of those unemployed to increase. Jobs have a large influence in
people’s economics. However, in fact, the jobs available are insufficient for the number of
people, resulting in a large rate of unemployment, which can increase the crime rate,
contributing to social and economic problems. This can also impact social inequality.
Social inequality is a condition of social imbalance in society which creates striking
differences. This phenomenon happened in all countries, including Indonesia. Social inequality
can easily be seen in Indonesia, between the rich and the poor, as well as between officials and
citizens. As for the factors which cause social inequality to happen are, among others, poverty
and the lack of ample job opportunities.
Poverty is the condition of inability to fulfill basic needs such as food, shelter,
education, and health. Poverty is the leading cause of the emergence of social inequality in
society. Many people assume that poverty is a destiny, or that they are poor because they are
lazy, lack creativity, and have no working ethos. Poverty has caused a large impact to societal
life, not just for the personal lives of those in poverty, but also to those who are not. Poverty is
not just a personal burden, but also the responsibility of society, the government, and the world
to overcome.
An advanced nation which is free of poverty is a nation with a high quality of human
resources and people who receive sufficient facilities to support their lives. One thing which
can create quality human resources is the aspect of education. However, the lack of awareness
of the importance of education has become a continuing problem which is still difficult to solve,
even though education is crucial to everyone for all cases including social and economic ones.

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However, education is taken lightly by a few individuals, and because of that, those social and
economic cases become increasingly worse, even though education is one of the factors which
can increase the economy and social sense.
With the ever-increasing rate of inequality in Indonesia, especially in terms of economy
and education, has made many human resources incompetent for competition. Whereas to
overcome the epithet of “developing nation”, Indonesia has only reached 30% of the total
revenue of a developed nation, or around 3.500 US Dollars annually.
The lack of competent human resources is caused by the large amount of people lacking
sufficient facilities since an early age, in terms of economy, education, nutrition, and decent
life. This is a positive feedback loop, inequality causes the uneven distribution of facilities, and
the lack of facilities impact inequality. At the same time, the government is unable to subsidize
everyone in Indonesia due to the revenue not growing as fast as the population.

B. Pancasila’s Viewpoint on Matters of Inequality

Pancasila is an open ideology, meaning that it can adjust to changing times or the
development of other ideologies. Indonesia adheres to an open ideology because it uses a
democratic system of government, in which it grants its citizens to hold their own opinions
and carry out activities as they wish, as long as they are within the norms upheld by
Pancasila. Pancasila as an open ideology has values core values which are sourced from the
Indonesian society and reality, such as Deity, Humanity, Unity, Populist, and Justice; values
instrumental to the execution of the core values, such as UUD ’45, Laws, Regulations, MPR
Decrees, People’s Representative Council, etc.; and practical values, which are translation of
the instrumental values and are contained in day-to-day life, which in itself is how we execute
the values of Pancasila in daily life, such as tolerance, mutual cooperation, discussion, etc.
In society, nation, and state, Pancasila has the function and role of being the soul and
personality of Indonesia’s people and serves as Indonesia’s Ideology, source of all laws, its
noble agreement, personality, the ambitions and goals of its people, moral development, and
national development as the exercise of Pancasila’s values.
The 5th principle of Pancasila holds the meaning that all citizens of Indonesia must get fair
treatment in law, politics, economy, culture, and spiritual needs so that a fair and prosperous
society may be created. Fair being defined as the condition of no favoritism, where one’s
origins or social status do not matter, as everyone is equal in the eye of the law.
However, in practice there is a discrepancy in the implementation of such a rule of law as
stated as being one of the functions and roles of Pancasila. This resulting in the law being
unequal in its treatment of upper and lower-class citizens.
The 3rd principle holds the meaning which refers to the wholesome and undivided unity of

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all the different races, religions, and other groups within Indonesia. The implementation of this
principle being; the placement of national interests above the interests of the individual and
interests of people-groups, willingness to sacrifice for the good of the nation, taking pride in
being part of the Indonesian people and progress society for the unity of a nation who takes to
the ideals of “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”. However, the reality is that Indonesia is still divided into
groups. Sentiments between these groups still take place. This is based on the inequality that
exists between these groups, creating social envy.
As we have no doubt heard, “The rich become richer, and the poor more so,” this is a reality
in this homeland. Because the sense of unity and the mindset of setting aside individual
interests becomes more faded within the minds of every person in Indonesia. This results in the
widening of the existing inequality, and leads to the rise of criminals and the destruction of
national unity.
Due to that there needs to be a simple and easy to understand civic education starting from
a young age so that it will lead to a growing sense of nationality and unity.

C. The Role of Scholars as Agents of Development in the Effort of Reducing Inequalities


in Indonesia

A scholar is a term used to refer to a person who studies in a College. Bearing the title
of “scholar” is a challenge. How could it be not, the expectations and responsibilities that are
carried by the scholar are so great. Scholars have the primary role as being the nation’s next
generation that will continually create movements that will lead to better conditions. It can’t be
denied that since the days of Ethical Politics in the age of Dutch colonialism there have been
multiple student movements which paved the way for Indonesia’s Independence.
Though those students were the result of Ethical Politics, the ambitions that they
brought were the noble ambitions of nation of Indonesia, appropriate with local wisdom and
containing the personality of Indonesia. To this day scholars are the forerunners of agents of
change. It could be stated that the academics which N.b. are students or scholars always appear
watching the wheel of the government turn, even forcing it to move along the rails of the
constitution, UUD RI 1945, and keeping it in the realm of democracy.
In its current development, scholars face an ongoing multidimensional problem that
accumulated and became the burden of the nation’s builders. The problems are among others
the decline of mental nationalism, social inequality, moral degradation, and the ever-increasing
difficulty of educational access. In this case scholars become the problem as well as being part

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of the solution of the problem.
However, to implement the participation of scholars in society, there needs to be
awareness from the part of the scholars of their potential in shaping their surroundings. And it
seems that in this era of globalization scholars tend to increase their self-potential, disregarding
the problems surrounding them. This has been proven with the rise of a sense of exclusivity
and egoism in today’s scholars.
Then what are the roles of scholars in resolving social inequalities in this age of
globalization? One such way is by increasing the competitiveness of independent scholars.
Scholar competitivity is the skill that scholars have, both academically and non-academically,
which has a usability in society and can be implemented to increase people’s quality of life.
Meanwhile independent in this regard refers to independence from current circumstances such
that creativity and bravery become part of independence. Concrete proof of this is the
implementation of entrepreneurial mindset. There exist many cases where scholars
successfully open jobs which impact the condition of surrounding people.
Their creativity and bravery have brought a large change, because not all bachelors are
job seekers, but it is hoped that these bachelors become job openers. In other words, bachelors
not only wait and hope for opportunities, but they are the ones who provide those opportunities.
Scholars may not only be concerned for themselves, but concerned for what happens in their
surroundings so that it is hoped that scholars become problem solvers of the problems around
them, or at the very least their very existence becomes a driving force for their immediate
environment.
To create a job opportunity, scholars must have hard skills which will become the
foundation in building an opportunity. Then, they also must have soft skills which, when put
together with their hard skills, will result in maximum outcome. For example, a scholar of the
Faculty of Cultural Sciences would like to utilize the cultures in Indonesia into a tourist object
and business opportunity with the goal of developing the local economy. Knowledge gained
on the information surrounding the culture is not enough, there must also be an ability to speak
in public, managing finances, and how to promote such a venture.
In this case scholars are not only developers, but also drivers. The way it’s done is by
making society aware of the existing inequality and help, encourage, and include them in the
effort of development. Indonesia has many gifts which it can potentially utilize, be it natural
landscapes and resources, cultural sites, and many others. Indonesia today actually has a
multitude of people who have the necessary competence within themselves, but that potential
has not been used to its full performance, such that Indonesia’s potential has not been fully
utilized. Because of that, scholars are obliged to drive society to its best performance. This is

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realized with the formation of an entrepreneurial attitude or mindset, accompanied by a national
spirit, which can be implemented in the context of education.
But before they can drive society, scholars must drive themselves. Back to the case of
globalization, today’s scholars are experiencing a moral degradation. Moral degradation here
refers to the loss of national spirit among scholars in national development. This may be due
to the lackluster political condition in this nation such that it inhibits student movements and
creates difficulties in gaining capital for startups like scholars to work and create. In addition
to that, the rapid development in the world and the increase in foreign influence has a negative
impact towards scholars in Indonesia.
In conclusion, the role of today’s scholars is to develop and drive society in
entrepreneurism. Additionally, they not only hope for and look for opportunities, but they
create job opportunities that can employ and prosper each and every region so that there is not
a large disparity. All that is begun with increasing self-awareness of the role and obligation of
scholars, based on nationalism, and thereafter going into society. Awakening society and
inviting them to co-develop and change circumstances to a better condition.

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CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. CONCLUSIONS
From the above discussion we can see that the matter of inequality is a serious matter
around the globe, especially in developing nations such as Indonesia. The matter of inequality
is a matter of social, economic, educational, and many other types of inequality which all come
from a poor national economy.
Indonesia has a multitude of potential resources, but unfortunately, they cannot be fully
utilized because Indonesia’s human resources are unable to utilize it into something useful.
This is again rooted in the economic condition of Indonesia, which is low on average such that
access to facilities which are supposed to support them is limited or even nonexistent.
Indonesia’s income per capita has only reached 30 percent of what is considered the
minimal spending limit of an advanced nation, which is around 3,500 USD annually. This is
caused by the many Indonesians who are unemployed, have difficulty finding employment,
and those who do not have a decent job. The uneven educational standards and facilities across
Indonesia is supplanted by the lack of jobs which contributes to even more unemployed and
impacting the annual national income.
Because of that, this is where the role of all citizens is needed to mutually develop the
nation into something better. Here, scholars are the forerunners, or agents of national
development. One action that scholars can take is by honing their skills, both academically and
non-academically, to their full potential. Accompanied by their soft skills, it is hoped that
scholars will be able to involve society in their acts of development.
Besides that, scholars have the role of building the awareness of society on
entrepreneurial matters, especially the understanding of a “producer attitude”. With the rise of
societal awareness, it is hoped that this will create more jobs, thereby reducing unemployment.
All that is done to achieve the 10th goal of Sustainable Development, which is reduced
inequalities, both between and within nations. This is done while still holding on to the national
principles of democracy of the People, Pancasila, the nation’s ambitions in the opening
statement of the constitution, the constitution itself, laws, and other regulations/

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B. RECOMMENDATIONS.
1. The government must execute policies which can reduce inequality. Those policies
among others are policies on equal development, education, provision of jobs,
refinement of the justice system, disaster mitigation, and environmental preservation.
2. Performing socializations which generally are related to the roles of social management
institutions, government programs and policies. With socializations, it is hoped that
members of society have awareness of, and are able contribute to national development.
This will indirectly encourage less criminal acts in society.
3. Optimization of human and natural resources of every region. One form of human
resource optimization is increasing creativity and confidence. This can help increase
regional growth, decreasing inequality.
4. Public facilities, such as health, transportation, and education are needed to prevent
social disparity, especially the disparity between urban and rural areas. With proper
public facilities, rural areas can also increase their growth, lessening the difference with
urban areas.
5. Improvements are needed in the justice system which encompasses mechanisms for the
execution of the system. A proper justice system will ensure equality in law for all
members of society. In effect, there will no longer be a difference in treatment due to a
difference in social or economic status. A proper justice system also abolishes
corruption, collusion, and nepotism which all result in social disparity.
6. Scholars must be more aware of their environment, creating works which will be useful
for the nation. The realization of this can be ideas through a Scholar Creativity Program
(in Indonesian, Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa), community service, and other works.
At the very least scholars can help develop the immediate environment of their
University.

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