Building Structure I
Reinforce Concrete Design
0525 – 351
16 @250 mmC/C
+3.5
16 @150 mmC/C
16 @250 mmC/C
6 mm +1.97
4 14 mm
6@25mm
10 @375 mm
+0.44
CHAPTER VII
Design Of Reinforced
Concrete Stairs
Stairs are constructed to provide access to the different floor levels, within
buildings. They consist of a number of steps arranged in series.
Most of stairs are designed as supported one-way slabs
7.1. DEFINITIONS
The definitions of some technical terms which are used in connection with the
planning and design of stairs are shown in Figure (7.1).
1. Going (G): The horizontal distance of the upper surface of a step.
2. Rise (R): The vertical distance between horizontal of two consecutive
steps.
3. Waist (h) : The least thickness of the stairs slab.
4. Landing : The horizontal platform which is usually provided at the
beginning and the end of series of steps.
5. Flight : Comprised of a number of steps provided between two
consecutive landing.
G Landing
R
Flight
L
θ
V
h
H
+3.06
0.15
0.15
0.15
I. DIMENSIONS:
I.1. Slope Angle of the Stair Slab:
V 1.53
θ = tan −1 = tan −1 = 29.54 0 O.K
H 2.70
L
I.2. Length of Stair: 1.53
L = (1.53) 2 + (2.7) 2 = 3.1m = 3100 mm θ
I.3. Thickness of Stair :
For control the deflection (h ) .Using ACI Code Deflection Conditions
2.7
L
hmin = ( one end continuous slab)
24
3100
hmin = = 129.2 mm ≈ 130 mm
24
Use h = 150 mm = 15 cm
∑ D L = 5.30 kN / m 2
∑ L . L = 5 kN / m 2
Design load:
U = (1.2 × DL) + (1.6 × LL)
U 1 = (1.2 × 5.30) + (1.6 x5) = 14.306 kN / m 2
II.2. Load on Stair Slab:
Weight of slab: = 0.15 x 1 x 1 x 24 = 3.6 kN / m 2
Weight of steps:
1
= × 0.3 × 0.15 × 24 = 0.54 kN / m 2
2
Finishing:
Tiles = 0.44 kN / m 2
Cement mortar: = 0.4 kN / m 2
Plaster = 0.4 kN / m 2
Additional load = 0.5 kN / m 2
Total load
∑ D L = 5.88 kN / m 2
∑ L . L = 5 kN / m 2
Design load:
U = (1.2 × DL) + (1.6 × LL)
U 2 = (1.2 × 5.88) + (1.6 x5) = 15.56 kN / m 2
A C D B
2.7 m 1.1 m
25.47
29.37
Mn 28.3
Rn = = = 1.841
bd 2 1000 x(0.124) 2
1 ⎡ 2 mR n ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
m ⎣⎢ f y ⎥⎦
1 ⎡ 2 x 18 . 81 x 1 . 841 ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
18 . 81 ⎣ 400 ⎦
ρ = 0.0048
Check ρ
1.4
ρ min = = 0.0035
fy
⎡ 25 ⎛ 600 ⎞⎤
ρ max = 0.75⎢0.85 × 0.85 × ×⎜ ⎟ = 0.02
⎣ 400 ⎝ 600 + 400 ⎠⎥⎦
ρ min = 0.0035 < ρ = 0.0048 < ρ max = 0.02
As = ρ .b . d = 0.0048 × 1000 × 124 = 595.2 mm 2
Number of bars:
(14) 2
Ab = π = 153.94 mm 2
4
595.2
n= = 3.87 ≈ 4
153.94
Use 4 φ 14mm / m'
Spacing:
1000
S= = 258 mm Use S=250 mm
3.87
Check Spacing:
S max ≤ 3 h
S max = 3x150 = 450 mm
S = 250 p S max = 450 mm OK
Use S = 250mm
Use φ 14 mm @ 250 mm
0.0018 × 400
ρ min = = 0.0018
400
Effective Depth:
φb (temp)
d = h − cc − φb (main) −
2
10
d = 150 − 20 − 14 − = 111 mm
2
Steel Area:
As = ρ min × b × d
= 0.0018 × 1000 × 111 = 199.8 mm 2
Number of bars
(10) 2
Ab = π = 78.5 mm 2
4
199.8
n= = 2.54 ≈ 3
78.5
Use 3φ 10 mm / m'
Spacing:
1000
S= = 393 mm
2.54
Use s=380 mm
Check spacing
S max ≤ 3 h = 3 x150 = 450 mm
S = 380 ≤ S max = 450 mm
Use φ 10 mm @ 380 mm
IV.4. Shear:
⎡ f c' ⎤
φ VC = φ ⎢ ⎥ × bw × d
⎣⎢ 6 ⎦⎥
25
= 0.85 × × 1000 × 124 × 10 −3 = 87.83 kN
6
Vu = R A = 31 kN
Vu < φ VC ⇒ o.k
No shear stirrups need
- Diagrams:
58.2 kN/m
6m
87.3
174.6
174.6
M u = 87.3 kN .m
M u 87.3
Mn = = = 97 kN .m
0.9 0.9
d = 362 mm b = 200 mm
f c' = 25 MPa f y = 400 MPa
Area of Steel:
fy 400
m= '
= = 18.81
0.85 f c 0.85 x 25
Mn 97
Rn = 2
= = 3 .7
bd 1000(0.2) x(0.362) 2
1 ⎡ 2 mR n ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
m ⎢⎣ fy ⎥⎦
1 ⎡ 2 x 18 . 81 x 3 . 7 ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
18 . 81 ⎣⎢ 400 ⎦⎥
ρ = 0.010 ≈ 0.010
Check ρ
1 .4
ρ min = = 0.0035
fy
⎡ 25 ⎛ 600 ⎞⎤
ρ max = 0.75⎢0.85 × 0.85 × ×⎜ ⎟⎥ = 0.02
⎣ 400 ⎝ 600 + 400 ⎠⎦
ρ min = 0.0035 < ρ = 0.010 < ρ max = 0.02
As = ρ .b . d = 0.010 × 200 × 362 = 724 mm 2
(16) 2
Ab = π = 201 mm 2
4
Number of steel:
724
n= = 3.6 ≈ 4
201
Use 4 φ 16 mm / m'
Spacing:
b − 2cc − 2φ sb − nφb
S=
n −1
200 − 2 x 25 − 2 x10 − 4 x16 66
S= = = 22 mm
3 3
S=22 mm
+3.5
+3.1
12@
φ14 @250
150mm
mm C/C
φ1212@
@ 380 mm
250 mm C/C
+1.97
4 4φ16 16
mmmm
φ106mm
mm Stair beam
φ10 @ 200 mm
6@25mm
φ10
10 @ 375 mm
@ 380 mm
+0.44
+3.06
0.3
1.53m
0.15
0.3
0.15
I. DIMENSIONS:
∑ L . L = 5 kN / m 2
Design load:
U 2 = 1.2 × 5.3 + 5 × 1.6 = 14.36 kN / m 2
∑M A
= 0 = (14.36 x1.9) x0.95 + (15.2 x 2.4) x3.1 + (14.36 x1.5) x5.05 − 5.8 RB
0 = 25.92 + 113.088 + 108.78 − 5.8 RB
247.788
RB = = 42.722 kN
5.8
III.3. Diagrams
62.83
42.7
42.7
Mn 69.83
Rn = 2
= = 4.69
bd 1000 x(0.122) 2
1 ⎡ 2 mR n ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
m ⎢⎣ fy ⎥⎦
1 ⎡ 2 x 18 . 81 x 4 . 69 ⎤
ρ = ⎢1 − 1 − ⎥
18 . 81 ⎢⎣ 400 ⎥⎦
ρ = 0.0134
Check ρ
1.4
ρ min = = 0.0035
fy
⎡ 25 ⎛ 600 ⎞⎤
ρ max = 0.75⎢0.85 × 0.85 × ×⎜ ⎟ = 0.02
⎣ 400 ⎝ 600 + 400 ⎠⎥⎦
ρ min = 0.0035 < ρ = 0.0134 < ρ max = 0.02
As = ρ . b . d = 0.0134 × 1000 × 122 = 1634.8 mm 2
Number of bars:
(16) 2
Ab = π = 201 mm 2
4
1635
n= = 8.13 ≈ 8
201
Use 8φ 16 mm / m'
Spacing:
1000
S= = 123 mm
8.13
Use S=125 mm
Check Spacing:
S max ≤ 3 h
S max = 3 x150 = 450 mm
S = 125 ≤ S max = 450 mm OK
Use S = 125 mm
Use φ 16mm @ 125 mm
Spacing:
1000
S= = 245 mm
4.07
Use S=250 m
Check Spacing:
S max ≤ 3 h
S max = 3 x150 = 450 mm
S = 250 ≤ S max = 450 mm OK
Use S = 250 mm
Use φ 16mm @ 250 mm
Use φ 10 mm
0.018 × 400
ρ= = 0.018
fy
10
d = 150 − 20 − 16(main) − = 109 mm
2
As = 0.0018 × 1000 × 109 = 196.2 mm 2
196.2
n= = 2 .5 ≈ 3
78.5
Use 3φ 10 mm / m '
Spacing:
1000
S= = 400 mm
2 .5
Use S = 400 mm
φ 10 @ 400 mm
IV.4. Shear
25
φ VC = 0.85 × × 1000 × 142 × 10 −3 = 100.6 kN
6
Vu = 50 kN
Vu < φ VC o.k
- Reaction:
U l 52.12 x3.2
R= = = 83.39 kN 52.12 N/m
2 2
- Moments:
U l 2 52.12(3.2) 2
M = = = 66.72 kN .m 3.2 m
24 24
- Diagrams:
66.72
83.39
83.39
⎡ 25 ⎛ 600 ⎞⎤
ρ max = 0.75⎢0.85 × 0.85 × ×⎜ ⎟ = 0.02
⎣ 400 ⎝ 600 + 400 ⎠⎥⎦
ρ min = 0.0035 < ρ = 0.0079 < ρ max = 0.02
As = ρ .b . d = 0.0079 × 200 x363 = 573.54 mm 2
Number of bars:
(14) 2
Ab = π = 153.9 mm 2
4
573.54
n= = 3 .7 ≈ 4
153.9
Use 4φ 14 mm / m'
Spacing:
b − 2cc − 2φ sb − nφb
S=
n −1
200 − 2 x 25 − 2 x10 − 4 x14
S= = 24.7 mm
3
S=25 mm
φ 16 @ 280 mm
16 @250 mmC/C
+3.06
+3.5
φ 1016
@@330
150mm
mmC/C
φ 16 @ 16
250 mmmmC/C
@250
φ 106mm
mm +1.97
4φ 14
14mm
mm
Stair beam
φ 10
6@@
25m200
m mm
φ1016@@375
125 mm
mm
+ 0.44
+0.44 φ 10 @ 400 mm