GUG/W/14-2641 1 P.T.O
runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the
turbine. Assume coefficient of velocity as
0.98.
GUG/W/14-2641 2
b) By means of neat sketch explain the 6
Governing mechanism of Francis turbine.
GUG/W/14-2641 3 P.T.O
8. a) What is the effect of acceleration in suction 6
and delivery pipes on indicator diagram.
b) A double acting reciprocating pump running 10
at 50 rpm is discharging 900 liters of water
for minute. The pump has stroke of 400mm.
The diameter of piston is 250mm. The
delivery & suction heads are 25m & 4m
respectively. Find the slip of pump & power
required to drive the pump.
*******
GUG/S/15/3924 1 P.T.O
i) Force exerted on the plate in the
direction of the jet
ii) Power of the jet &
iii) Efficiency of the jet.
OR
GUG/S/15/3924 2
Mechanical efficiency
of the turbine = 96%
Determine the hydraulic power losses in
the distributor nozzle assembly and the
buckets.
OR
GUG/S/15/3924 3 P.T.O
4. a) Obtain an expression for unit speed, unit 6
discharge and unit power of a turbine.
OR
GUG/S/15/3924 4
6. a) Explain briefly the following efficiencies of 6
a centrifugal pump.
i) Mechanical efficiency.
GUG/S/15/3924 5 P.T.O
r.pm and discharges through 160mm
main 80m long, the vertical lift being 50m.
If no air vessel is used, determine the
heads in the cylinder at the ends and
middle of the stroke.
OR
OR
GUG/S/15/3924 6
10. Write short notes on any four. 16
i) Unit quantities
*********
GUG/W/15/3924 4
B.E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012-Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME405 - Hydraulic Machines
P. Pages : 2 GUG/S/16/3924
Time : Three Hours *1806* Max. Marks :80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions .
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of slide rule, Logarithmic tables, steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing
instruments, Thermodynamic tables for moist air, Psychrometric charts and
Refrigeration charts is permitted.
6. Solve Q.1 or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q.5 or Q.6, Q.7 or Q.8, Q.9 or Q.10.
7. Use of non-programmable calculator is permitted.
1. a) What are the various types of impacts of jets depending upon the types of plates in front of 7
it?
b) A jet of water having a velocity of 15 m/s, strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a 10
velocity of 5 m/s in the same direction as that of the jet at inlet. The vanes are so shaped
that the jet is deflected through 135º.The diameter of the jet is 100mm. Assuming the vane
to be smooth, Find:-
i) Force exerted by the jet on the vane in the direction of motion of the jet.
ii) Power exerted on the vane &
iii) Efficiency of the jet.
b) A reaction turbine works at 450 rpm. Its flow area is 0.4m2. The angle made by the 12
absolute and relative velocities at inlet are 20 and 60 respectively with the tangential
velocity. The discharge at outlet of the Turbine is radial. Calculate:-
GUG/S/16/3924 1 P.T.O
5. a) What are the various applications of hydraulic pumps? 7
b) How are the heads of a Centrifugal pump expressed? Explain each of them. 9
OR
b) A Single acting reciprocating piston pump runs at a speed of 50 rpm and delivers 0.01 m3 10
of water per second. The diameter of the piston is 200 mm and its stroke is 400 mm.
Determine:-
b) What do you understand by Air- Vessels? Explain how air vessels are used. 8
b) A Pelton wheel develops 8MW under a net head of 130 m at a speed of 200 rpm. 12
Assuming the coefficient of velocity for the nozzle as 0.98 hydraulic efficiency 87%,
speed ratio 0.46 and the jet diameter to wheel diameter ratio 1:9, determine:-
OR
************
GUG/S/16/3924 2
B.E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012 - Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME405 - Hydraulic Machines
P. Pages : 2 GUG/W/16/3924
Time : Three Hours *4039* Max. Marks : 80
_______________________________________ ______________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry equal marks.
2. Answer Q. 1 or Q. 2, Q. 3 or Q. 4, Q. 5 or Q. 6, Q. 7 or Q. 8, Q. 9 or Q. 10.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of slide rule, Logarithmic tables, Steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing
instruments, Thermodynamic tables for moist air, Psychrometric charts and
Refrigeration charts is permitted.
1. a) What are the various assumptions made in the derivation of expression for the force 6
exerted by a jet of fluid on a stationary flat plate.
b) Show that the angle of swing for a flat plate hinged at the top, when the jet strikes normal 10
to the plate at the centre is given by
PAV 2
sin
W
where, = angle of swing
P = density of fluid
A = area of flat plate
V = Velocity of the jet
W = Weight of the plate
OR
2. a) Derive expressions for The force exerted by the jet of water on a pelton wheel in the 11
direction of the jet, work done per second & the hydraulic efficiency of the pelton wheel.
b) Explain the characteristic features of the cup of a pelton wheel. What are the limitations in 5
keeping the deflective angle of the cup as 180º ?
b) The following data refers to the runner of a Kaplan Turbine? Which yields 8850kW at the 9
Turbine shaft:
Net available head = 5.5 m,
Speed Ratio = 2.1:1
flow Ratio = 0.67:1
Overall efficiency = 85%
Presuming that hub diameter of the wheel is 0.35 times the outside diameter, find the
runner diameter and its rotational speed.
OR
GUG/W/16/3924 1 P.T.O
b) A Francis Turbine develops 365kW at an overall efficiency of 80%, when working under 10
a static head of 5m; the draft tube being cylindrical and of diameter 2.5m. What increase
in power and efficiency of the turbine would you expect, if a tapered draft tube having an
inlet diameter of 4 m and the efficiency of conversion of 90%, is substituted for the
cylindrical one. It may be presumed that the head, speed and the discharge remain
constant.
b) A Turbine is to operate under a head of 25 m at 200 rpm. The discharge is 9 m3/s of the 11
turbine efficiency is 90% determine:
i) Sp. Speed of the turbine.
ii) Power generated
iii) Performance under a head of 20m.
Also state the type of the turbine.
OR
b) Derive an expression for the work done by the impeller of a Centrifugal pump on a liquid. 11
OR
b) A single acting reciprocating piston pump running at 50 rpm delivers 7.36 litres/s of 12
water. The diameter of the piston is 20 cm and the stroke is 30 cm. The suction and
delivery heads are 3.5 m and 11.5 m respectively. Determine:
i) Theoretical Discharge,
ii) Coefficient of discharge,
iii) Percentage slip of the pump, &
iv) Power required to run the pump.
b) Derive an expression for the discharge of a viscous fluid through a gear pump. 8
OR
********
GUG/W/16/3924 2
B.E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012 - Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME405 - Hydraulic Machines
P. Pages : 3 GUG/S/17/3924
Time : Three Hours *1140* Max. Marks : 80
_______________________________________ ______________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry equal marks.
2. Answer Q. 1 or Q. 2, Q. 3 or Q. 4, Q. 5 or Q. 6, Q. 7 or Q. 8 and Q. 9 or Q. 10.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of Logarithmic tables, Steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing instruments,
Thermodynamic tables for moist air, and non programmable calculator is
permitted.
6. Mobiles are strictly prohibited.
1. a) Obtain an expression for efficiency of series of flat vanes. Also, prove that the maximum 6
efficiency value is 50%.
b) A jet of water having a velocity of 30 m/s strikes a series of radial curved vanes mounted 10
on a wheel which is rotating at 200 r.p.m. The Jet makes an angle of 20° with the tangent
to the wheel at inlet and leaves the wheel with a velocity of 5 m/s at an angle of 130° to
the tangent to the wheel at outlet. Water is flowing from outward in radial direction. The
outer and inner radii of wheel are 0.5 m and 0.25 m respectively.
Determine :
i) Vane angles at inlet and outlet
ii) Work done per unit weight of water and
iii) Efficiency of the wheel.
OR
2. a) Draw a general layout of a Hydro-Electric power Plant and mention all the essential 8
elements of it including efficiencies of Pelton wheel.
b) A Pelton wheel develops 8000 kW under a net head of 130 m at a speed of 200 r.p.m. 8
Assuming the coff. of velocity for nozzle 0.98 hydraulic efficiency 87%, speed ratio 0.46
and Jet diameter to wheel diameter ratio 1/9, determine :
i) Discharge required
ii) Diameter of the wheel
iii) Diameter and number of Jets required &
iv) Specific speed
Assume mechanical efficiency 75%.
3. a) Compare Inward and outward flow reaction turbines, with the help of neat sketches. 6
b) The following data is given for Francis Turbine : 10
Neat head H = 60 m, Speed N = 700 r.p.m ;
Shaft Power = 294.3 kW, o = 84%, n 93% , flow ratio = 0.20, Breadth ratio (n)=0.1,
Outer diameter of runner = 2 Inner diameter of runner i.e. (Do 2 Di )
The thickness of vanes occupy 5% of circumferential area of runner, velocity of flow is
constant at inlet and outlet and discharge is radial at outlet.
Determine :
i) Guide Blade angle
ii) Runner Vane angles at inlet and outlet.
iii) Diameters of runner at inlet and outlet.
GUG/S/17/3924 1 P.T.O
iv) Width of wheel at inlet.
OR
4. a) What is draft tube ? Why it is used in reaction turbine ? Describe with sketch different 5
types of draft tube.
b) What do you mean by characteristics curves of Francis turbine ? Explain any two 5
characteristic curves.
c) A Kaplan runner is to be designed to develop 7357.5 kW shaft power. The net available 6
head is 5.5 meter. Assume that speed ratio is 2.09 and flow ratio is 0.68 and overall
efficiency is 60%.
The diameter of boss is 1/3rd of the diameter of runner. Determine :
i) Diameter of runner and boss.
ii) Speed of runner
iii) Specific speed of runner.
5. a) Obtain an expression for the minimum speed for starting centrifugal pump. 6
b) A centrifugal pump coupled to diesel engine runs at 900 r.p.m. water enters the impeller 10
radially and velocity of flow through the impeller is constant other particulars of impeller
are :
Inner diameter = 200 mm
Inlet blade angle = 20° (degree)
Inlet width = 20 mm
Outer diameter = 400 mm
Neglecting losses and vane thickness, find :
i) Discharge through the pump,
ii) Head developed
iii) Power available at pump outlet and
iv) Input power, if overall pump efficiency is 70%.
OR
6. a) What is cavitation and what are its causes ? Also, explain N. P. S. H for centrifugal pump. 8
b) A four-stage centrifugal pump has four identical impellers keyed to the same shaft. The 8
shaft is running at 400 rpm and total manometric head developed by a multistage pump
is 40 meter. The discharge through the pump is 0.2 m3/sec. The vanes of each impeller
are having outlet angle 45°. If the width and diameter of each impeller at outlet is 5 cm
and 60 cm respectively, find the manometric efficiency.
7. a) Show from first principle the work saved, against friction in the delivery pipe of a single- 8
acting reciprocating pump, by fitting an air vessel is 84.8%. While for double-acting
reciprocating pump the work saved is only 39.20%.
b) The cylinder bore diameter of single acting reciprocating pump is 150 mm and its stroke is 8
300 mm. The pump runs at 50 r.p.m. and lift water through height of 25 m. The delivery
pipe is 22 m long and 100 mm in diameter. Find the theoretical discharge and theoretical
power required to run the pump. If the actual discharge is 4.2 litres/s. Find the % slip.
Also, determine the acceleration head at the beginning and middle of delivery stroke.
OR
GUG/S/17/3924 2
8. a) Explain with the help of Indicator diagram that work done by pump is directly 4
proportional to area of Indicator diagram.
9. a) A single stage centrifugal pump with impeller diameter of 30 cm rotates at 2000 r.p.m. 8
and lifts 3m3 of water per second to a height of 30 m with an efficiency of 75% Find the
number of stages and diameter of each impeller of a similar multistage pump to lift 5 m3
of water per second to a height of 200 meters when rotating at 1500 r.p.m.
OR
i) Regenerative pumps
**********
GUG/S/17/3924 3 P.T.O
GUG/S/17/3924 4
B.E. (with Credits) Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME 405 - Hydraulic Machines
P. Pages : 3 GUG/W/17/3924
Time : Three Hours *1405* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry equal marks.
2. Answer Q.1 or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q. 5 or Q.6, Q.7 or Q.8, Q.9 or Q.10.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
1. a) Discuss in brief about the essential components of a typical hydroelectric power station. 6
b) A jet of water having a velocity of 40m/s impinges without shock on series of vanes moving 10
at 12 m/s. The jet is making an angle of 20º with the direction of motion of the vane. Relative
velocity at outlet is 0.9 times the relative velocity at inlet. Absolute velocity of water at exit
is normal to the direction of motion of the vane find:
i) Vane angles at the inlet and outlet.
ii) Work done on the vane per kg of water.
iii) Efficiency.
OR
b) A Pelton turbine develops 3000kW under a head of 400m. The overall efficiency of the 10
turbine is 87%. If the coefficient of velocity is 0.96 and the speed ratio is 0.48 with
specific speed being 18, Find.
i) Pitch circle diameter of the wheel.
ii) Diameter of the jet.
iii) Bucket dimensions.
iv) No. of buckets.
3. a) An inward flow reaction turbine discharges radiantly and the velocity of flow is constant 7
and equal to the velocity of discharge from the turbine. Show that the hydraulic efficiency
can be expressed as.
1
hy draulic
tan 2 1
1 2
tan 1
1 tan
1
where ' 1 and `1 are the guide vane angle and runner vane angles at the inter tip
respectively.
GUG/W/17/3924 1 P.T.O
b) The following data is available for a Francis turbine. 9
Net head = 70m
Speed = 600rpm
Shaft Power = 370kW
overall 0.80
hy draulic 0.95
flow ratio = 0.25
breadth/dia. ratio = 0.1
D1 = 2D2 .
Thickness of vanes occupies 10% of the circumferential area of the runner, velocity of
flow is constant and discharge is radial at outlet, Determine.
i) The guide blade angle.
ii) The runner blade angles at inlet and outlet.
iii) The diameter and width at outlet and inlet.
OR
b) A centrifugal pump delivers 1800 lit/min against a total height of 20m. Its speed is 1450rpm. 10
Inner and outer diameters of impeller are 120mm and 240mm respectively and the diameter
of suction and delivery pipes are both 100mm. Determine the blade angles at the inlet and
outlet if water enters radially.
OR
6. a) Prove that the pressure rise in the impeller of a centrifugal pump is given by expression. 7
Vf 12 u 22 Vf 22 co sec2 2
where
2g
Vf1 and Vf 2 are flow velocities at inlet and outlet u 2 is the peripheral velocity at the
outlet. 2 is the black angle at the outlet.
GUG/W/17/3924 2
7. a) Why is a reciprocating pump called positive displacement pump? What is meant by 6
coefficient of discharge and slip?
b) Determine the maximum permissible speed which will not cause cavitation in the pump 10
system for the single acting reciprocating pump with following data:
i) Diameter of Piston = 100mm
ii) Length of Stroke = 200mm
iii) Length of suction pipe = 3.0m
iv) Length of delivery pipe = 35.0m
v) Diameter of suction pipe = 35mm
vi) Diameter of delivery pipe = 25mm
vii) Suction lift = 3.0m
viii) Delivery lift = 5.0m
ix) Safe vapour pressure head = 2.5m
x) Atmospheric pressure head = 10.1m.
OR
8. a) Show from first principles that the work saved, against friction in the delivery pipe of a 8
single acting reciprocating pump by fitting an air vessel is 84.8%.
9. a) Discuss various types of similarities. Also derive the equations for head, discharge and 8
power coefficient.
b) A turbine is to operate under head of 25m at 200rpm The discharge is 9 m 3 sec . If the 8
turbine efficiency is 90%, make calculations for the power generated, specific speed of the
turbine, and performance under a head of 20m. Also state the type of turbine.
OR
***********
GUG/W/17/3924 3 P.T.O
GUG/W/17/3924 4
B.E. Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME405 - Hydraulic Machines
P. Pages : 2 GUG/S/18/3924
Time : Three Hours *1031* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry as indicates marks.
2. Answer Q. 1 OR Q. 2, Q.3 OR Q. 4, Q.5 OR Q. 6, Q7 OR Q.8, Q.9 OR Q.10
3. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
4. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
5. Diagrams and Chemical equation should be given wherever necessary.
6. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
7. Use of slide rule, Logarithmic tables, Steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing
instruments, Thermodynamic tables for moist air, Psychrometric charts and
Refrigeration charts is permitted.
8. Use of Non-programmable calculator is permitted.
b) Derive an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on an inclined fixed flat plate 10
in the direction of the jet.
OR
b) The water in a jet propelled ship is drawn amidship and discharged at the back with an 11
absolute velocity of 20m/s. The cross-sectional area of the jet at the back is 0.02m2 and
the boat is moving in sea water with a speed of 30km/h Determine:
i) The propelling force on the boat,
ii) Power required to drive the pump,
iii) Efficiency of the jet propulsion.
b) An Inward flow Reaction Turbine (Francis turbine) has external and internal diameters as 12
0.9m and 0.45m respectively. the turbine is running at 200 rpm and the width of the turbine
at inlet is 200 mm. The velocity of flow through the runner is constant and is equal to 1.8m/s.
The guide blade makes an angle of 10º with tangent of the wheel and the discharge at the
outlet of the turbine is radial. Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles and determine:
i) The absolute velocity of the runner at the inlet of the runner.
ii) The velocity of wheel at inlet,
iii) The relative velocity at inlet,
iv) The runner blade angles,
v) The width of the runner at outlet,
vi) The mass of water flowing through the runner per second.
vii) The head at the inlet of the turbine,
viii) The power developedment and
ix) The hydraulic efficiency of the turbine.
OR
GUG/S/18/3924 1 P.T.O
4. a) Explain the performance characteristics of Reaction Turbine. 8
b) Derive an expression for the work done per second per unit weight of liquid for a 12
centrifugal pump.
OR
7. a) Derive expressions for the discharge, work done per second and power required to drive 8
single cylinder, single Acting Reciprocating piston pump.
b) A Double acting Reciprocating pump running at 40 rpm is discharging 1.0m3 of water per 8
minute. The pump has a stroke of 400 mm. The diameter of the piston is 200mm. the
delivery and suction head are 20m and 5m respectively. Find:
i) Slip of the pump,
ii) Percentage slip of the pump,
iii) Power required to drive the pump.
OR
8. a) What do you mean by Rotary Pumps? Explain the construction and working of a sliding 7
vane pump.
b) A single stage centrifugal pump with impeller diameter of 30cm rotates at 2000 rpm and 10
lifts 3m3 of water per second to a height of 30m with an efficiency of 75% Find the
number of stages and diameter of each impeller of a similar multistage pump to lift
5m3 / s to a height of 200m, when running at 1500 rpm.
OR
e) Regenerative pump.
**********
GUG/S/18/3924 2