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*0593* GUG/W/14-2641

S.Y. B.E. (Mechanical Engineering) Sem. – IV : ME405


Hydraulic Machines
P. Pages : 4
Time : Three Hours Max. Marks : 80
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes : 1. All questions are compulsory.
2. All questions carry marks as indicated.
3. Illustrate your answers wherever
necessary with the help of neat sketches.
4. Use of non programmable calculator
steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing
instruments is permitted.

1. a) Define the terms. 6


a) Impact of jets. b) Jet propulsion.
b) Obtain an expression for the force exerted 10
by jet of water on a fixed vertical plate in
direction of the Jet.
OR
2. a) Explain clearly the following terms as they 4
are applied to a Pelton wheel.
i) Gross head ii) Net head.
b) A Pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 12
35 m/s with a jet of water flowing at the rate
of 1m3/s under a head of 270 m/s. The
buckets deflect the jet through an angle of
170º. Calculate the power delivered to the

GUG/W/14-2641 1 P.T.O
runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the
turbine. Assume coefficient of velocity as
0.98.

3. a) What factors decides whether Kaplan, 4


Francis or a Pelton type turbine would be
used in a hydroelectric project.
b) A Francis turbine with on overall efficiency 12
of 70% is required to produce 147.15kW. It
is working under a head of 8m. The
peripheral velocity = 0.30 2gH and the
radial velocity of flow at inlet is 0.96 2gH .
The wheel runs at 200 rpm and the
hydraulic losses in the turbine are 20% of the
available energy. Assume radial discharge
determine.
i) The guide blade angle.
ii) The wheel vane angle at inlet.
iii) Diameter of wheel at inlet.
iv) Width of wheel at inlet.
OR
4. a) A Kaplan turbine runner is to be designed to 10
develop 7357.5 KW shaft power. The net
available head is 10m. Assume that the
speed ratio is 1.8 and flow ratio 0.6. If the
overall efficiency is 70% and diameter of the
boss is 0.4 times the diameter of the runner,
Find the diameter of the runner, its speed &
specific speed.

GUG/W/14-2641 2
b) By means of neat sketch explain the 6
Governing mechanism of Francis turbine.

5. a) Define the following terms. 6


i) Suction head. ii) Delivery head.
iii) Manometric head.
b) Obtain expression for work done by impeller 10
of centrifugal pump on water per second
unit weight of water.
OR
6. a) What is priming ? Why is it necessary. 6
b) A centrifugal pump delivers water against a 10
net head of 14.5 meters and a design speed
of 1000 rpm. The vanes are curved back to
an angle of 30º with the periphery. The
impeller diameter is 300mm and outlet
width 50mm. Determine the discharge of the
pump if manometric efficiency is 95%.

7. a) What is a reciprocating pump ? Describe the 10


principle and working of a reciprocating
pump.
b) Define. 6
i) Slip
ii) Percentage slip
iii) Negative slip
(of reciprocating pump)
OR

GUG/W/14-2641 3 P.T.O
8. a) What is the effect of acceleration in suction 6
and delivery pipes on indicator diagram.
b) A double acting reciprocating pump running 10
at 50 rpm is discharging 900 liters of water
for minute. The pump has stroke of 400mm.
The diameter of piston is 250mm. The
delivery & suction heads are 25m & 4m
respectively. Find the slip of pump & power
required to drive the pump.

9. a) What are unit quantities ? Define unit 6


quantities for a turbine why are they
important ?
b) A turbine develops 7357.5KW shaft power 10
when running at 200 rpm. The head on the
turbine is 40m. If the head on the turbine is
reduced to 25m, determine the speed &
power developed by turbine.
OR
10. Write short notes on any four. 16
i) Jet pump. ii) Air left pump.
iii) Hydraulic Ram. iv) Bore hole pump.
v) Submersible pump.

*******

GUG/W/14-2641 4 214 / 195


*2747* GUG/S/15/3924

B.E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012-Mechanical


Engineering Sem IV
ME405 Hydraulic Machines
P. Pages : 7
Time : Three Hours Max. Marks : 80
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Q. 1 or Q. 2 Q. 3 or Q. 4 Q.5 or
Q. 6 Q. 7 or Q. 8 and Q. 9 or Q 10
3. Assume suitable data wherever
necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever
necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of slide rule and drawing
instruments, is permitted.

1. a) Show that for a radial curved vane, the 8


work done for second is given by.
W. D. =ܽ‫ݒ‬௜ ሾܸ௪ଵ ‫ݑ‬ଵ േ ܸ௪ଶ ‫ݑ‬ଶ ሿ.

b) A jet of water of diameter 8 cm strikes a 8


curved plate at its centre with a velocity of
20 m/s. The curved plate is moving with a
velocity of 10 m/s in the direction of jet.
The jet is deflected through an angle of
165º. Assuming the plate smooth find.

GUG/S/15/3924 1 P.T.O
i) Force exerted on the plate in the
direction of the jet
ii) Power of the jet &
iii) Efficiency of the jet.

OR

2. a) Explain the followings giving reasons: 8


i) Angle of deflection of Pelton wheel is
kept in between 160º to 170°.
ii) Notch is provided in the Pelton wheel
iii) Splitter is provided in pelton wheel
iv) Pelton turbines are suited above 170m
head.

b) A pelton wheel is to be designed for the 8


following specfiications :
Head at distributor = 650m
Discharge = 12 m3/s
Power = 70 megawatts
Speed of rotation = 600 rpm
Runner diameter = 2m
No. of jets =4
Jet diameter = 0.2m
Angle through which
the jet is deflected by
the bucket = 165º

GUG/S/15/3924 2
Mechanical efficiency
of the turbine = 96%
Determine the hydraulic power losses in
the distributor nozzle assembly and the
buckets.

3. a) Give the range of specific speed values of 6


the Kaplan turbines Francis turbines and
pelton wheels. What factors decide
whether Kaplan, Francis or a pelton type
turbine would be used in hydro-electric
project?

b) An inward flow reaction turbine has 10


external and internal diameters as 1.2m
and 0.8m respectively. The hydraulic
efficiency of the turbine is 92% when the
head on the turbine is 40m. The velocity
of flow at outlet is 2.6m/s and discharge at
outlet is radial. If the vane angle at outlet is
15º and width of the wheel is 110mm at
inlet and outlet, determine.
i) The guide blade angle
ii) Speed of the turbine
iii) Vane angle of the runner at inlet
iv) Volume flow rate of turbine and
v) Power developed

OR

GUG/S/15/3924 3 P.T.O
4. a) Obtain an expression for unit speed, unit 6
discharge and unit power of a turbine.

b) A Kaplan turbine runner is to be designed 10


to develop 9000 KW. The net available
head is 0.6m. The speed ratio and flow
ratio are 2.1 and 6.8 respectively. The
overall efficiency of the turbine is 86% and
the diameter of the boss is 1/3 the
diameter of the runner. Find the diameter
of the runner its speed and specific speed
of the turbine.

5. a) Derive an expression for the minimum 6


speed for starting a centrifugal pump.

b) A centrifugal pump delivers water against 10


a net head of 20 metres and a design
speed of 1200 r.p.m. The vanes are
curved back at an angle of 30º with the
periphery. The impeller diameter is
320mm and outlet width is 60mm.
Determine the discharge of the pump if
monometric efficiency is 94%

OR

GUG/S/15/3924 4
6. a) Explain briefly the following efficiencies of 6
a centrifugal pump.

i) Mechanical efficiency.

ii) Volumetric efficiency

iii) Manometric efficiency

b) A three stage centrifugal pumps has 10


impellers 420mm in diameter and 25mm
wide at outlet. The vanes are curved back
having outlet angle as 45º and reduce
circumferential area by 12%. The
manometric efficiency is 92% and the
overall efficiency is 84% if the pump is
running at 1200 r.pm delivering
0.06m3/sec, determine:
i) Head generated by the pump and
ii) Shaft power required to run the pump.

7. a) Show that the work saved in overcoming 6


friction in pipelines by fitting air vessels is
39.2% for a double acting pump.

b) The piston of a double acting reciprocating 10


pump has a stroke of 650mm and
diameter 250mm. The pump runs at 25

GUG/S/15/3924 5 P.T.O
r.pm and discharges through 160mm
main 80m long, the vertical lift being 50m.
If no air vessel is used, determine the
heads in the cylinder at the ends and
middle of the stroke.

OR

8. a) What are different rotary pumps? Explain 8


the construction and working of gear
pump.

b) Explain in brief about the followings. 8


i) Indicator diagram of reciprocating
pumps.
ii) Screw pumps.

9. a) What do you understand by geometric, 8


kinematic and dynamic similarity for
hydraulic machines? Deduce the equation
if any.

b) Explain in brief the working of the 8


followings.
i) Hydraulic Ram.
ii) Jet pumps.

OR

GUG/S/15/3924 6
10. Write short notes on any four. 16

i) Unit quantities

ii) Air lift pump.

iii) Regenerative pump.

iv) Submersible pump.

v) Bore hole pump.

*********

GUG/S/15/3924 7 115 /610


P.T.O
GUG/S/15/3924 8
GUG/W/15/3924
*5688*

B. E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012-Mechanical Engineering Sem. - IV


ME405 Hydraulic Machines
P. Pages : 4
Time : Three Hours Max. Marks : 80
_________________________________________________________________
Notes :
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. All questions carry marks as indicated.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of
neat sketches.
5. Use of non-programmable calculator and drawing
instruments is permitted.
1. a) Prove that the maximum efficiency for jet striking the centre of 8
a moving curved vane is given by the expression
8
max  (1  k cos ) where k is friction co-efficient and  angle
27
of deflection.
b) A jet of water having a velocity of 45m/s impinges without shock 8
on a series of vanes moving at 15m/s. The direction of motion
of the vanes in inclined at 20º to that of the jet, the relative
velocity at outlet is 0.9 of that at inlet, and the absolute velocity
of the water at exist is to be normal to the motion of vanes, find
i) Vane angles at entrance & exist.
ii) Work done on vanes per kg of water supplied by the jet.
iii) Hydraulic efficiency.
OR
2. a) A Pelton wheel 0.9m in diameter develops 675 kw when 8
operating under a head of 145m and running at 500rpm . The
rate of flow of water through the nozzle is 0.55 m 3 /s and the
angle of deflection of the jet is 165º. If the friction and windage
losses amount to 5% of velocity head of the jet, make an energy
balance of the wheel. Take velocity coefficient for the nozzle
k   0.97 .
b) It is desired to generate 1000 kw of power and survey reveals 8
that 450m of static head and a minimum flow of 0.3m 3 /s is
GUG/W/15/3924 1 P.T.O
available calculate whether the task can be accomplished by in
stalling a Pelton wheel that turns 1000 revolutions per minute
and has an efficiency of 80% further design the Pelton wheel by
assuming suitable data for coefficient of velocity, speed ratio and
velocity coefficient for the jet.
3. a) Show that the hydraulic efficiency for a Francis turbine having 8
velocity of flow through runner as constant is given by the
relation:
1
h 
1
tan 2 
1 2
 tan  
1  
 tan  
where,
 = guide blade angle
 = runner vane angle at inlet.
The turbine is having radial discharge at outlet.
b) The following data pertain to a Francis turbine: 8
Net head - 70 m
Speed - 700 r.p.m.
Shaft power - 330 kw
Overall efficiency - 85%
Hydraulic efficiency - 92%
Flow ratio - 0.22
Breadth ratio - 0.1
Outer dia of runner - 2 x inner dia of runner
Velocity of flow - constant
Outlet discharge - radial
The thickness of vanes occupy 6% of circumferential area of
runner. Determine:
i) Diameters of runner at inlet and outlet.
ii) Width of wheel at inlet.
iii) Guide blade angle and
iv) Runner vane angles at inlet and outlet.
OR
4. a) The following data pertain to a Kaplan turbine: 8
Power available at shaft = 22500 kw
Head = 20m; Speed = 150 r.p.m.
Hydraulic efficiency = 95%
Overall efficiency = 88%
Outer diameter of runner = 4.5m
GUG/W/15/3924 2
Diameter of the hub = 2m
Assuming that the turbine discharge s without wheel at exit,
determine the runner vane angles at the hub and at the outer
periphery.
b) A Pelton wheel generates 8000 kw under a net head of 130 m at 8
a speed of 200 r.p.m. Assuming the co-efficient of velocity for
the nozzle 0.98, hydraulic efficiency 87 percent speed ratio 0.46
and jet diameter to wheel diameter ratio is 1 9 determine.
i) Discharge required.
ii) Diameter of the wheel.
iii) Diameter and number of jets required and
iv) Specific speed
Mechanical efficiency is 75%.
5. a) Write short notes any three. 8
i) Multi staging of centrifugal pumps.
ii) N. P. S. H.
iii) Priming in centrifugal pump.
iv) Cavitation and maximum suction Lift.
b) A centrifugal pump working in a dock, pumps 1565 litres per 8
second against a mean lift of 6.1m when the impeller rotates at
200 rpm. The impeller diameter is 122 cm and the area of outlet
periphery is 6450 cm 2 . If the vanes are set back at an angle of
26º at the outlet, find :
(i)Hydraulic efficiency and (ii)Power required to drive the pump.
If the ratio of external to internal diameter is 2, find the
minimum speed to start pumping.
OR
6. a) Prove that manometric head of a centrifugal pump ca n be 6
expressed as –
Hm 
1
2g
AN 2  BNQ  CQ 2 
where A, B and C are constants.
b) A centrifugal pump impeller has diameter of 60 cm and width of 10
6 cm at the outlet. The Pump runs at 1450 rpm and delivers
0.8m 3 /s against a head of 80 m. The leakage loss af ter the
impeller is 4 percent of discharge, the external mechanical loss
is 10 kw and the hydraulic efficiency is 80 percent. Determine
the blade angle at outlet, the power required and the overall
efficiency of the pump.
GUG/W/15/3924 3 P.T.O
7. a) The diameter and stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump 9
are 10 cm and 20 cm respectively. The pump is fed by a suction
pipe 5 cm in diameter and 6 m long, the suction lift being 3m.
What is the maximum speed at which pump can be run without
separation in the suction pipe. Given that separation occurs
when pressure in the pump falls below 2.5m of water absolute
and the manometer reads 762 mm of mercury.
How performance of the pump gets affected when speed
increases beyond a certain limit.
b) A single acting reciprocating pump, running at 60 rpm, has a 7
plunger diameter of 30 cm and a stroke of 50 cm. The delivery
pipe is 15 cm diameter and 60 m long. Determine the power
saved in overcoming friction in the delivery pipe if the pump is
equipped with an air vessel on the del ivery side at the centre line
of the pump. Take f = 0.01 and presume that the piston executes
a simple harmonic motion.
OR
8. a) Explain with neat sketch the working principle of Gear pump. 4
b) Derive the work done expression against friction wi th air 6
vessels of adequate capacity.
c) Write in brief about the following: i) Vane pump. ii) Screw pump. 6
9. a) Explain in brief the types of similarities between model and 6
prototype.
b) A 7.2 m high and 15 m long spillway discharges 94m 3 /s discharge 6
under a head of 2.03. If 1:9 scale model of this spillway is to be
constructed, determine model dimensions, head over spillway
model and the model discharge. If model experiences a force of
7500N, determine force on the prototype.
c) What are the various advantages and applications of model 4
testing.
OR
10. a) Explain with neat sketch the construction and operation of Air 4
Lift Pump and Jet Pump.
b) Discuss in brief with neat sketch the working principle of Bore 4
Hole Pump.
c) Explain the construction and operation of Hydraulic Ram and 8
derive the expression for efficiency of the same.
*********

GUG/W/15/3924 4
B.E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012-Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME405 - Hydraulic Machines
P. Pages : 2 GUG/S/16/3924
Time : Three Hours *1806* Max. Marks :80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions .
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of slide rule, Logarithmic tables, steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing
instruments, Thermodynamic tables for moist air, Psychrometric charts and
Refrigeration charts is permitted.
6. Solve Q.1 or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q.5 or Q.6, Q.7 or Q.8, Q.9 or Q.10.
7. Use of non-programmable calculator is permitted.

1. a) What are the various types of impacts of jets depending upon the types of plates in front of 7
it?

b) Derive the impulse-Momentum Equation. 9


OR

2. a) Explain the complex constructional features of a Pelton wheel. 6

b) A jet of water having a velocity of 15 m/s, strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a 10
velocity of 5 m/s in the same direction as that of the jet at inlet. The vanes are so shaped
that the jet is deflected through 135º.The diameter of the jet is 100mm. Assuming the vane
to be smooth, Find:-

i) Force exerted by the jet on the vane in the direction of motion of the jet.
ii) Power exerted on the vane &
iii) Efficiency of the jet.

3. a) Compare Francis Turbine with Pelton Turbine. 4

b) A reaction turbine works at 450 rpm. Its flow area is 0.4m2. The angle made by the 12
 
absolute and relative velocities at inlet are 20 and 60 respectively with the tangential
velocity. The discharge at outlet of the Turbine is radial. Calculate:-

i) The volume flow rate.


ii) Power developed.
iii) Head at inlet.
iv) Hydraulic Efficiency.
Assume velocity of flow to be constant.
OR

4. a) Explain the constructional features of Kaplan Turbine. 8

b) Explain the design parameters of a francis Turbine. 8

GUG/S/16/3924 1 P.T.O
5. a) What are the various applications of hydraulic pumps? 7

b) How are the heads of a Centrifugal pump expressed? Explain each of them. 9

OR

6. a) What is Multi-staging of pumps? 5

b) What do you mean by Rotodynamic Pumps? Explain their performance characteristics. 11

7. a) What do you understand by positive Displacement pumps? Give few examples. 6

b) A Single acting reciprocating piston pump runs at a speed of 50 rpm and delivers 0.01 m3 10
of water per second. The diameter of the piston is 200 mm and its stroke is 400 mm.
Determine:-

i) The theoretical discharge of the pump,


ii) The coefficient of discharge of the pump.
iii) The slip of the pump,
iv) The percentage slip of the pump.
OR

8. a) Explain the construction and operation of a gear Pump. 8

b) What do you understand by Air- Vessels? Explain how air vessels are used. 8

9. a) What do you understand by Model Testing? 4

b) A Pelton wheel develops 8MW under a net head of 130 m at a speed of 200 rpm. 12
Assuming the coefficient of velocity for the nozzle as 0.98 hydraulic efficiency 87%,
speed ratio 0.46 and the jet diameter to wheel diameter ratio 1:9, determine:-

i) The discharge required,


ii) The diameter of the wheel,
iii) The diameter of the jets,
iv) The number of jets required &
v) The specific speed.
Take mechanical efficiency of the Pelton wheel as 75%.

OR

10. Write short notes on any four. 16


a) Model Testing of Hydraulic Turbines,
b) Submersible pumps,
c) Unit Quantities,
d) Specific Quantities,
e) Governing of Pelton Wheel.

************

GUG/S/16/3924 2
B.E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012 - Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME405 - Hydraulic Machines

P. Pages : 2 GUG/W/16/3924
Time : Three Hours *4039* Max. Marks : 80
_______________________________________ ______________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry equal marks.
2. Answer Q. 1 or Q. 2, Q. 3 or Q. 4, Q. 5 or Q. 6, Q. 7 or Q. 8, Q. 9 or Q. 10.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of slide rule, Logarithmic tables, Steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing
instruments, Thermodynamic tables for moist air, Psychrometric charts and
Refrigeration charts is permitted.

1. a) What are the various assumptions made in the derivation of expression for the force 6
exerted by a jet of fluid on a stationary flat plate.

b) Show that the angle of swing for a flat plate hinged at the top, when the jet strikes normal 10
to the plate at the centre is given by

PAV 2
sin  
W
where,  = angle of swing
P = density of fluid
A = area of flat plate
V = Velocity of the jet
W = Weight of the plate

OR

2. a) Derive expressions for The force exerted by the jet of water on a pelton wheel in the 11
direction of the jet, work done per second & the hydraulic efficiency of the pelton wheel.

b) Explain the characteristic features of the cup of a pelton wheel. What are the limitations in 5
keeping the deflective angle of the cup as 180º ?

3. a) Differentiate clearly between Francis Turbine and Kaplan Turbine. 7

b) The following data refers to the runner of a Kaplan Turbine? Which yields 8850kW at the 9
Turbine shaft:
Net available head = 5.5 m,
Speed Ratio = 2.1:1
flow Ratio = 0.67:1
Overall efficiency = 85%
Presuming that hub diameter of the wheel is 0.35 times the outside diameter, find the
runner diameter and its rotational speed.

OR

4. a) Explain the theory of Draft Tube. 6

GUG/W/16/3924 1 P.T.O
b) A Francis Turbine develops 365kW at an overall efficiency of 80%, when working under 10
a static head of 5m; the draft tube being cylindrical and of diameter 2.5m. What increase
in power and efficiency of the turbine would you expect, if a tapered draft tube having an
inlet diameter of 4 m and the efficiency of conversion of 90%, is substituted for the
cylindrical one. It may be presumed that the head, speed and the discharge remain
constant.

5. a) Derive an expression for the specific speed of a Pelton Turbine. 5

b) A Turbine is to operate under a head of 25 m at 200 rpm. The discharge is 9 m3/s of the 11
turbine efficiency is 90% determine:
i) Sp. Speed of the turbine.
ii) Power generated
iii) Performance under a head of 20m.
Also state the type of the turbine.

OR

6. a) What is governing of a Turbine? 6

b) Explain the construction and working of governing mechanism of a Reaction Turbine. 10

7. a) How will you classify pumps? 5

b) Derive an expression for the work done by the impeller of a Centrifugal pump on a liquid. 11

OR

8. a) What do you understand by a positive displacement pump? 4

b) A single acting reciprocating piston pump running at 50 rpm delivers 7.36 litres/s of 12
water. The diameter of the piston is 20 cm and the stroke is 30 cm. The suction and
delivery heads are 3.5 m and 11.5 m respectively. Determine:
i) Theoretical Discharge,
ii) Coefficient of discharge,
iii) Percentage slip of the pump, &
iv) Power required to run the pump.

9. a) Explain the construction and working of a hydraulic Ram. 8

b) Derive an expression for the discharge of a viscous fluid through a gear pump. 8

OR

10. Write short notes on any four. 16


a) Air Vessels,
b) Specific Quantities,
c) Unit Quantities,
d) Model Testing of a Centrifugal Pump,
e) Air – Lift pump.

********

GUG/W/16/3924 2
B.E.(with Credits)-Regular-Semester 2012 - Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME405 - Hydraulic Machines
P. Pages : 3 GUG/S/17/3924
Time : Three Hours *1140* Max. Marks : 80
_______________________________________ ______________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry equal marks.
2. Answer Q. 1 or Q. 2, Q. 3 or Q. 4, Q. 5 or Q. 6, Q. 7 or Q. 8 and Q. 9 or Q. 10.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
5. Use of Logarithmic tables, Steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing instruments,
Thermodynamic tables for moist air, and non programmable calculator is
permitted.
6. Mobiles are strictly prohibited.

1. a) Obtain an expression for efficiency of series of flat vanes. Also, prove that the maximum 6
efficiency value is 50%.
b) A jet of water having a velocity of 30 m/s strikes a series of radial curved vanes mounted 10
on a wheel which is rotating at 200 r.p.m. The Jet makes an angle of 20° with the tangent
to the wheel at inlet and leaves the wheel with a velocity of 5 m/s at an angle of 130° to
the tangent to the wheel at outlet. Water is flowing from outward in radial direction. The
outer and inner radii of wheel are 0.5 m and 0.25 m respectively.
Determine :
i) Vane angles at inlet and outlet
ii) Work done per unit weight of water and
iii) Efficiency of the wheel.
OR
2. a) Draw a general layout of a Hydro-Electric power Plant and mention all the essential 8
elements of it including efficiencies of Pelton wheel.
b) A Pelton wheel develops 8000 kW under a net head of 130 m at a speed of 200 r.p.m. 8
Assuming the coff. of velocity for nozzle 0.98 hydraulic efficiency 87%, speed ratio 0.46
and Jet diameter to wheel diameter ratio 1/9, determine :
i) Discharge required
ii) Diameter of the wheel
iii) Diameter and number of Jets required &
iv) Specific speed
Assume mechanical efficiency 75%.
3. a) Compare Inward and outward flow reaction turbines, with the help of neat sketches. 6
b) The following data is given for Francis Turbine : 10
Neat head H = 60 m, Speed N = 700 r.p.m ;
Shaft Power = 294.3 kW,  o = 84%, n  93% , flow ratio = 0.20, Breadth ratio (n)=0.1,
Outer diameter of runner = 2  Inner diameter of runner i.e. (Do  2  Di )
The thickness of vanes occupy 5% of circumferential area of runner, velocity of flow is
constant at inlet and outlet and discharge is radial at outlet.
Determine :
i) Guide Blade angle
ii) Runner Vane angles at inlet and outlet.
iii) Diameters of runner at inlet and outlet.

GUG/S/17/3924 1 P.T.O
iv) Width of wheel at inlet.
OR

4. a) What is draft tube ? Why it is used in reaction turbine ? Describe with sketch different 5
types of draft tube.

b) What do you mean by characteristics curves of Francis turbine ? Explain any two 5
characteristic curves.

c) A Kaplan runner is to be designed to develop 7357.5 kW shaft power. The net available 6
head is 5.5 meter. Assume that speed ratio is 2.09 and flow ratio is 0.68 and overall
efficiency is 60%.
The diameter of boss is 1/3rd of the diameter of runner. Determine :
i) Diameter of runner and boss.
ii) Speed of runner
iii) Specific speed of runner.

5. a) Obtain an expression for the minimum speed for starting centrifugal pump. 6

b) A centrifugal pump coupled to diesel engine runs at 900 r.p.m. water enters the impeller 10
radially and velocity of flow through the impeller is constant other particulars of impeller
are :
Inner diameter = 200 mm
Inlet blade angle = 20° (degree)
Inlet width = 20 mm
Outer diameter = 400 mm
Neglecting losses and vane thickness, find :
i) Discharge through the pump,
ii) Head developed
iii) Power available at pump outlet and
iv) Input power, if overall pump efficiency is 70%.
OR
6. a) What is cavitation and what are its causes ? Also, explain N. P. S. H for centrifugal pump. 8

b) A four-stage centrifugal pump has four identical impellers keyed to the same shaft. The 8
shaft is running at 400 rpm and total manometric head developed by a multistage pump
is 40 meter. The discharge through the pump is 0.2 m3/sec. The vanes of each impeller
are having outlet angle 45°. If the width and diameter of each impeller at outlet is 5 cm
and 60 cm respectively, find the manometric efficiency.

7. a) Show from first principle the work saved, against friction in the delivery pipe of a single- 8
acting reciprocating pump, by fitting an air vessel is 84.8%. While for double-acting
reciprocating pump the work saved is only 39.20%.

b) The cylinder bore diameter of single acting reciprocating pump is 150 mm and its stroke is 8
300 mm. The pump runs at 50 r.p.m. and lift water through height of 25 m. The delivery
pipe is 22 m long and 100 mm in diameter. Find the theoretical discharge and theoretical
power required to run the pump. If the actual discharge is 4.2 litres/s. Find the % slip.
Also, determine the acceleration head at the beginning and middle of delivery stroke.

OR

GUG/S/17/3924 2
8. a) Explain with the help of Indicator diagram that work done by pump is directly 4
proportional to area of Indicator diagram.

b) Explain following Rotary displacement pumps with neat sketches. 12


i) Gear pump
ii) Sliding vane pump
iii) Screw pump

9. a) A single stage centrifugal pump with impeller diameter of 30 cm rotates at 2000 r.p.m. 8
and lifts 3m3 of water per second to a height of 30 m with an efficiency of 75% Find the
number of stages and diameter of each impeller of a similar multistage pump to lift 5 m3
of water per second to a height of 200 meters when rotating at 1500 r.p.m.

b) Define similitude. Explain in brief different types of similarities applied to hydraulic 8


machines.

OR

10. Explain with neat sketches following water lifting devices : 16

i) Regenerative pumps

ii) Bore hole pumps.

iii) Jet Pumps

iv) Hydraulic Rams.

**********

GUG/S/17/3924 3 P.T.O
GUG/S/17/3924 4
B.E. (with Credits) Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME 405 - Hydraulic Machines

P. Pages : 3 GUG/W/17/3924
Time : Three Hours *1405* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry equal marks.
2. Answer Q.1 or Q.2, Q.3 or Q.4, Q. 5 or Q.6, Q.7 or Q.8, Q.9 or Q.10.
3. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
4. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.

1. a) Discuss in brief about the essential components of a typical hydroelectric power station. 6

b) A jet of water having a velocity of 40m/s impinges without shock on series of vanes moving 10
at 12 m/s. The jet is making an angle of 20º with the direction of motion of the vane. Relative
velocity at outlet is 0.9 times the relative velocity at inlet. Absolute velocity of water at exit
is normal to the direction of motion of the vane find:
i) Vane angles at the inlet and outlet.
ii) Work done on the vane per kg of water.
iii) Efficiency.

OR

2. a) Give reasons in brief. 6


i) Water must be turned through 165º inside Pelton bucket.
ii) Double ellipsoidal bucket is used in Pelton Wheel.
iii) Lower portion of the bucket is cut off.

b) A Pelton turbine develops 3000kW under a head of 400m. The overall efficiency of the 10
turbine is 87%. If the coefficient of velocity is 0.96 and the speed ratio is 0.48 with
specific speed being 18, Find.
i) Pitch circle diameter of the wheel.
ii) Diameter of the jet.
iii) Bucket dimensions.
iv) No. of buckets.

3. a) An inward flow reaction turbine discharges radiantly and the velocity of flow is constant 7
and equal to the velocity of discharge from the turbine. Show that the hydraulic efficiency
can be expressed as.
1
hy draulic 
tan 2 1
1 2
 tan 1 
1  tan  
 1
where ' 1 and `1 are the guide vane angle and runner vane angles at the inter tip
respectively.

GUG/W/17/3924 1 P.T.O
b) The following data is available for a Francis turbine. 9
Net head = 70m
Speed = 600rpm
Shaft Power = 370kW
overall  0.80
hy draulic  0.95
flow ratio = 0.25
breadth/dia. ratio = 0.1
D1 = 2D2 .
Thickness of vanes occupies 10% of the circumferential area of the runner, velocity of
flow is constant and discharge is radial at outlet, Determine.
i) The guide blade angle.
ii) The runner blade angles at inlet and outlet.
iii) The diameter and width at outlet and inlet.

OR

4. a) What is cavitation? How can it be avoided at design and operational stage? 6

b) What is the hydraulic turbines selection criterion? 4

c) Give reason in brief any two. 6


i) Reactions turbine must run full of water.
ii) There can't be 100% reaction turbine.
iii) Kaplan turbines are best suited for Port load operation.

5. a) What is priming of a centrifugal pump? Why is it necessary? List various methods of 6


priming.

b) A centrifugal pump delivers 1800 lit/min against a total height of 20m. Its speed is 1450rpm. 10
Inner and outer diameters of impeller are 120mm and 240mm respectively and the diameter
of suction and delivery pipes are both 100mm. Determine the blade angles at the inlet and
outlet if water enters radially.

OR

6. a) Prove that the pressure rise in the impeller of a centrifugal pump is given by expression. 7
Vf 12  u 22  Vf 22 co sec2 2
where
2g
Vf1 and Vf 2 are flow velocities at inlet and outlet u 2 is the peripheral velocity at the
outlet. 2 is the black angle at the outlet.

b) Write in short about the following any three. 9


i) NPSH.
ii) Pumps arranged in series and parallel.
iii) Pump and system matching.
iv) Muschel curves..
v) Self priming pumps

GUG/W/17/3924 2
7. a) Why is a reciprocating pump called positive displacement pump? What is meant by 6
coefficient of discharge and slip?

b) Determine the maximum permissible speed which will not cause cavitation in the pump 10
system for the single acting reciprocating pump with following data:
i) Diameter of Piston = 100mm
ii) Length of Stroke = 200mm
iii) Length of suction pipe = 3.0m
iv) Length of delivery pipe = 35.0m
v) Diameter of suction pipe = 35mm
vi) Diameter of delivery pipe = 25mm
vii) Suction lift = 3.0m
viii) Delivery lift = 5.0m
ix) Safe vapour pressure head = 2.5m
x) Atmospheric pressure head = 10.1m.

OR

8. a) Show from first principles that the work saved, against friction in the delivery pipe of a 8
single acting reciprocating pump by fitting an air vessel is 84.8%.

b) Write short notes any two. 8


i) Sliding Vane Pumps
ii) External gear pump.
iii) Screw pumps.

9. a) Discuss various types of similarities. Also derive the equations for head, discharge and 8
power coefficient.

b) A turbine is to operate under head of 25m at 200rpm The discharge is 9 m 3 sec . If the 8
turbine efficiency is 90%, make calculations for the power generated, specific speed of the
turbine, and performance under a head of 20m. Also state the type of turbine.

OR

10. Write short notes any four. 16


i) Hydraulic ram.
ii) Airlift pump.
iii) Peripheral or regenerative pump.
iv) Jet pumps.
v) Submersible pumps.

***********

GUG/W/17/3924 3 P.T.O
GUG/W/17/3924 4
B.E. Mechanical Engineering Sem IV
ME405 - Hydraulic Machines

P. Pages : 2 GUG/S/18/3924
Time : Three Hours *1031* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry as indicates marks.
2. Answer Q. 1 OR Q. 2, Q.3 OR Q. 4, Q.5 OR Q. 6, Q7 OR Q.8, Q.9 OR Q.10
3. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
4. Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
5. Diagrams and Chemical equation should be given wherever necessary.
6. Illustrate your answers wherever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
7. Use of slide rule, Logarithmic tables, Steam tables, Mollier's chart, Drawing
instruments, Thermodynamic tables for moist air, Psychrometric charts and
Refrigeration charts is permitted.
8. Use of Non-programmable calculator is permitted.

1. a) explain Impulse – Momentum principle. 6

b) Derive an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on an inclined fixed flat plate 10
in the direction of the jet.

OR

2. a) Explain the construction and working of a Pelton Turbine. 5

b) The water in a jet propelled ship is drawn amidship and discharged at the back with an 11
absolute velocity of 20m/s. The cross-sectional area of the jet at the back is 0.02m2 and
the boat is moving in sea water with a speed of 30km/h Determine:
i) The propelling force on the boat,
ii) Power required to drive the pump,
iii) Efficiency of the jet propulsion.

3. a) Explain the principle of operation of a pure Reaction Turbine. 4

b) An Inward flow Reaction Turbine (Francis turbine) has external and internal diameters as 12
0.9m and 0.45m respectively. the turbine is running at 200 rpm and the width of the turbine
at inlet is 200 mm. The velocity of flow through the runner is constant and is equal to 1.8m/s.
The guide blade makes an angle of 10º with tangent of the wheel and the discharge at the
outlet of the turbine is radial. Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles and determine:
i) The absolute velocity of the runner at the inlet of the runner.
ii) The velocity of wheel at inlet,
iii) The relative velocity at inlet,
iv) The runner blade angles,
v) The width of the runner at outlet,
vi) The mass of water flowing through the runner per second.
vii) The head at the inlet of the turbine,
viii) The power developedment and
ix) The hydraulic efficiency of the turbine.

OR

GUG/S/18/3924 1 P.T.O
4. a) Explain the performance characteristics of Reaction Turbine. 8

b) What is governing of a turbine? Explain the governing mechanism of a Francis Turbine. 8

5. a) How will you classify hydraulic Pumps? 4

b) Derive an expression for the work done per second per unit weight of liquid for a 12
centrifugal pump.

OR

6. a) What do you understand by N. P. S. H.? 7

b) Explain the construction and working of a self priming pump. 9

7. a) Derive expressions for the discharge, work done per second and power required to drive 8
single cylinder, single Acting Reciprocating piston pump.

b) A Double acting Reciprocating pump running at 40 rpm is discharging 1.0m3 of water per 8
minute. The pump has a stroke of 400 mm. The diameter of the piston is 200mm. the
delivery and suction head are 20m and 5m respectively. Find:
i) Slip of the pump,
ii) Percentage slip of the pump,
iii) Power required to drive the pump.

OR

8. a) What do you mean by Rotary Pumps? Explain the construction and working of a sliding 7
vane pump.

b) Explain the construction and working of a screw pump. 9

9. a) Explain the various types of similarities. 6

b) A single stage centrifugal pump with impeller diameter of 30cm rotates at 2000 rpm and 10
lifts 3m3 of water per second to a height of 30m with an efficiency of 75% Find the
number of stages and diameter of each impeller of a similar multistage pump to lift
5m3 / s to a height of 200m, when running at 1500 rpm.

OR

10. Write short notes on any four. 16

a) Air Lift pump. b) Hydraulic ram.

c) Bore Hole pump. d) Jet Pump.

e) Regenerative pump.

**********

GUG/S/18/3924 2

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