Globalization - IT has not only brought the world closer together, but it has
allowed the world's economy to become a single interdependent system. This
means that we can not only share information quickly and efficiently, but we can
also bring down barriers of geographic boundaries.
More time - IT has made it possible for businesses to be open 24 x7 all over the
globe. This means that a business can be open anytime anywhere, making
purchases from different countries easier and more convenient. It also means
that you can have your goods delivered right to your doorstep with having to
move a single muscle.
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Creation of new jobs - Probably the best advantage of information technology
is the creation of new and interesting jobs. Computer programmers, Systems
analyzers, Hardware and Software developers and Web designers are just some
of the many new employment opportunities created with the help of IT.
Lack of job security - Industry experts believe that the internet has made job
security a big issue as since technology keeps on changing with each day. This
means that one has to be in a constant learning mode, if he or she wishes for
their job to be secure.
Dominant culture - While information technology may have made the world a
global village, it has also contributed to one culture dominating another weaker
one. For example it is now argued that US influences how most young teenagers
all over the world now act, dress and behave. Languages too have become
overshadowed, with English becoming the primary mode of communication for
business and everything else.
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Q2. What are the Social, Commercial and Industrial applications
of IT??
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS:
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Commercial Applications:
Open source software is widely used for private applications. In addition, many
independent software vendors (ISVs) and value-added resellers (VARs) use
open source frameworks, modules, and libraries inside their proprietary, for-profit
products and services. From the customer's perspective, the ability to use open
source technology under standard commercial terms and support is valuable.
Customers are willing to pay for the legal protection (e.g., indemnification from
intellectual property infringement) and "high-touch" support that is typical of
commercial software with the innovation and independence that comes with open
source.
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Q3. Describe organization and their units?
ORGANIZATION UNITS:
After the organization units are created, you can use the structure editor to model
how the organization units relate to each other, and to other aspects of your
model. Alternatively, you can associate the organization units with tasks in your
process models as a way of modeling which organizations are responsible for
carrying out which tasks.
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Q4. What are the challenges for management in IT?
Companies (and IT) are reducing their numbers of employees. In IT, this means
that there are fewer sites with dedicated resources for network management. A
corporate network management solution should be able to monitor and manage
in a Heterogeneous computing environment, meaning that the management
solution should operate using standard interfaces, with some capability for
customization in unusual environments.
The network management field is changing rapidly, with most enterprises taking
steps to enhance or adopt industrial-strength network management software and
practices.
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Before implementing a network management solution, carefully evaluate your
needs. This begins with a look at your IT organization. For example, will you
have dedicated network management staff? Or a group or people who watch the
network, but who also have other responsibilities? Do you need someone to
physically monitor the network on a 24/7 basis? Do you plan to dedicate a team
to maintaining the network management system?
Second, assess what you are trying to audit on your network. How far down the
network infrastructure do you need to go? Is it to a WAN (wide area network) link,
or a server or an application? Based on that, select a product that will get you to
that level.
Finally, don't forget compliance. Build compliance into your network and your
network management from day one and be sure that your network management
vendor has a platform that will support your compliance requirements.
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Q5. Describe types of networking and its topologies.
1.LAN:-
A local area network LAN is a group of computers and associated devices
that share a common communications line or wireless link. Typically,
connected devices share the resources of a single processor or server within
a small geographic area (for example, within an office building). Usually, the
server has applications and data storage that are shared in common by
multiple computer users. A local area network may serve as few as two or
three users (for example, in a home network) or as many as thousands of
users (for example FDDI network).
2. WAN:-
A WAN spans a large geographic area, such as a state, province or country.
WANs often connect multiple smaller networks, such as local area networks
(LANs) or metro area networks (MANs). WANs generally utilize different and
much more expensive networking equipment than do LANs. WAN consists of
two or more local-area networks (LANs). Computers connected to a wide-
area network are often connected through public networks, such as the
telephone system. They can also be connected through leased lines or
satellites. The largest WAN in existence is the Internet.
3. MAN:-
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a large computer network that
usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a
number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone
technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide
area networks and the Internet. A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical
area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities.
MANs can also depend on communications channels of moderate-to-high
data rates. A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization, but
it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations. MANs might
also be owned and operated as public utilities. They will often provide means
for internetworking of local networks.
TOPOLOGIES:-
Topology is a network's virtual shape or structure. This shape does not
necessarily correspond to the actual physical layout of the devices on the
network. For example, the computers on a home LAN may be arranged in
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a circle in a family room, but it would be highly unlikely to find a ring
topology there.
OR
ADVANTAGES
DIADVANTAGES
• Good performance
• It is used for centralized control
• Easy to defect faults
• Easy to setup and extend.
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Each device is isolated on its own cable. This makes ii easy to isolate
individual chances from the network by disconnecting them form the wire
hub.
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Q6. What are the advantages of communication in business?
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