ff : VERY LOUD f : LOUD mf : QUITE LOUD fp : LOUD THEN SUDDENLY SOFT mp : QUITE SOFT p : SOFT pp : VERY SOFT ppp : EXTREMELY SOFT al niente : FADE AWAY TO NOTHING, TO SILENCE calando : BECOMING SOFTER dal niente : OUT OF SILENCE, FROM NOTHING fortepiano : LOUD, THEN IMMEDIATELY SOFT in rilievo : ONE INSTRUMENT OR PART MUST PLAY LOUDER THAN THE OTHERS perdendo/perdendosi : FADING OUT morendo : DYING AWAY sottovoce : SOFT, WHISPERED > : ATTACK - : AGOGIC ACCENT rf/rfz : RINFORZATO, WITH A STRONG ACCENT sf/sfz : SFORZATO, WITH A SUDDEN ACCENT marcato : MARKED Tempo allegretto : MODERATELY FAST allegro : FAST AND LIVELY adagio : MODERATELY SLOW andante : AT WALKING PACE largo : SLOW AND STATELY moderato : AT A MODERATE SPEED vivace : FASTER THAN ALLEGRO, BUT NOT AS PRESTO presto : VERY QUICK accelerando : GETTING QUICKER allargando : SLOWLY DOWN AND GETTING LOUDER rallentando : GETTING SLOWER ritenuto : SLOWING DOWN/HOLDING BACK THE PACE rubato : FLEXIBLE, WITH NO STRICT TIME agitato : IN AN AGITATED MANNER alla marcia : LIKE A MARCH amoroso : IN A LOVING WAY calmato : CALMLY dolce : SWEETLY energico : IN AN ENERGETIC FASHION giocoso : PLAYFULLY grazioso : GRACEFULLY lento doloroso : SLOWLY AND SADLY maestoso : MAJESTICALLY morbido : SOFTLY, GENTLY pesante : HEAVILY sospirando : AS IF SIGHING trionfante : IN A TRIUMPH WAY