AutoWaste With Fertilizer

Pateros Technological College
College St. Sto.Rosario Kanluran, Pateros, Metro Manila
Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction
Proper waste disposal is important to both rural and urban areas. We the citizens
of our community are the responsible one to take care of our environment. Proper waste
disposal is one of the ways that we can help to clean our environment. First step to have
a proper waste disposal is waste segregation. Waste segregation is important to our
environment. It is segregating the bio-degradable from non-biodegradable. It helps our
environment to look cleaner and greener. But how important is it to put the right waste
in the right bins? This study will discuss why people should pay attention to waste
segregation.
Under the Republic Act (RA) 9003 or the Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 a landmark environmental legislation in
the Philippines. Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume
reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including
composting, recycling, re-use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, before
collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and environmentally sound solid waste
management facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable development
principles. Under the same regulations, Segregation shall refer to a solid waste
Page |1
management practice of separating different materials found in solid waste in order to
promote recycling and re-use of resources and to reduce the volume of waste for
collection and disposal. Waste Segregation is included in law because it is much easier
to recycle. Effective segregation of wastes means that less waste goes to landfill which
makes it cheaper and better for people and the environment. It is also important to
segregate for public health. In particular, hazardous wastes can cause long term health
problems, so it is very important that they are disposed of correctly and safely and not
mixed in with the normal waste coming out of your home, office or any places.
The organic waste is segregated from non-recyclable and inorganic waste.
Organic waste is material that is biodegradable and comes from either a plant or animal.
Organic waste is usually broken down by other organisms over time and may also be
referred to as wet waste. Most of the time, it’s made up of vegetable and fruit debris,
paper, bones and human waste which quickly disintegrate. In an effort to keep the
environment clean and safe, organic waste is preferred over items that can damage the
earth and that do not disintegrate.
The majority of organic waste you have in your home can be made into a superb
fertilizer which will be ideal for your garden and plants. Natural fertilizer is a great
alternative to many artificial brands currently on the market. Creating compost is
becoming more and more popular. The process is simple, quick and can allow you to
Page |2
create a large amount of fertilizer in a short space of time. Organic fertilizer is usually
made from plant or animal waste or powdered minerals. Examples include manure and
compost, as well as bone and cottonseed meal. They are usually sold as “soil
conditioners” rather than as fertilizer, because the nutrient ratios are difficult to
guarantee. Organic fertilizers may be processed in a factory, or, in the case of manure
and compost, at a farm. This has allowed cities to make use of organic waste to create
compost for public areas. There are even some cities that package and sell the compost
to make money. These items can be reprocessed and recycled and will be used in
producing new products. This method has helped reduce further consumption of natural
resources and at the same time lowers the ultimate needs for waste disposal. Experts
suggest that in order to compost correctly and efficiently, there are four ingredients to
be used in the recipe: Nitrogen, Oxygen, Water and Carbon. The ratio of each depends
on where you live in the country, the weather conditions and level of organic waste you
have.
Increasing population and industrialization would also mean more wastes in the
environment. But then, there would also be a positive effect of increasing population,
we could also help each other. Hand in hand for a better, cleaner and greener
environment for us people to stay and live with. We still have time to save our Mother
Earth. We can be responsible stewards to take of our environment. We can start on our
homes the proper waste segregation and also on schools; we can educate not only the
Page |3
students but also the teachers to be more responsible on their wastes. As we become
more technologically advanced and to achieve this concept, We develop Automatic
Waste Segregation Machine with Fertilizer Maker to make life easy for us.
Page |4
1.2 Background of the study
The management of solid waste continues to be a major challenge in urban areas
throughout the world particularly in the rapidly growing cities of the developing world. A
high rate of population growth and increasing per capital income have resulted in the
generation of an enormous volume of solid waste, which poses a serious threat to
environmental quality and human health.
As more cities become industrialized, the congenital problem of waste management
comes along with it. Technological and economic advancement has made the types
and kinds of Solid Waste very diverse and their management much more complex. Solid
waste is not only increasing in composition but also changing in quantity from a few
kilograms to tonnage proportions recently.
Disposing of waste has huge environmental impacts and can cause serious
problems. In some areas much is buried in landfill sites – holes in the ground,
sometimes old quarries, sometimes specially dug. Some waste will eventually rot, but
not all, and in the process it may smell or generate methane gas, which is explosive and
contributes to the greenhouse effect. Badly-managed landfill sites may attract vermin or
cause litter. Incinerating waste also causes problems, because plastics tend to produce
toxic substances, such as dioxins, when they are burnt. Gases from incineration may
cause air pollution and contribute to acid rain, while the ash from incinerators may
contain heavy metals and other toxins. Because of these problems there are active
campaigns against waste incineration. That’s why there are laws provided by the
Page |5
government for the right management of waste. and In this work, an automatic waste
segregation is developed which can sort out the wastes in various categories to make
waste management easier and efficient. By using the proper recycling system, the curse
of waste will turn into blessings for the civilization. The sorting procedure will make
recycling more efficient. By means of this waste segregation, the conventional waste
management system will be transformed into automatic system. This automatic system
will help to make our environment more suitable for living, reducing global warming and
making the world healthier.
Page |6
1.3 Objectives of the project
1.3.1 General Objectives
To increase awareness in garbage situation and develop sustainable system that
produce natural or organic fertilizer with soil that will take part in waste management in
the community for healthier and well environment.
1.3.2 Specific Objectives
 To develop fully functional automated waste segregation equipment
 To assess the activities involved for the proposed and determine the type,
nature and estimated volumes of waste to be generated.
 To develop a system that reduce, re-use, recycle and compost the waste
without human intervention and reduce human time and effort.
 To promote to secure effective, sustainable and ecologically sound waste
management and recycling for many years to come.
Page |7
1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Project
1.4.1 Scope
 The machine can segregate waste at a time using arm robot.
 The machine can accept plastic bottles & cans for the Non-biodegradable
bin.
 The machine has a crush shredder mechanism that will cut the plastic
bottles, cans & biodegradable into strips or confetti-like squares and used for
reducing the size of scrap waste.
 The machine can turn/process the biodegradable waste into organic
fertilizer.
 The machine can monitor the dustbins if it is already full and gives notification
using red led to the personnel.
1.4.2 Limitation
 The arm robot can’t carry large size & heavy waste.
 The machine will not work if there is power interruption/brownout.
 Glass, Wood, Paper can’t be accepted by the machine.
Page |8
1.5 Significance of the study of the Project
The proposed Automatic Waste Segregation Machine with Fertilizer Maker will be
helpful in waste management and the overall collection process. System such as
fertilizer maker which are included in the proposed project are good enough to ensure
the promotion of green and healthy environment.
The study is beneficial to the following:
To Community - This project will help the Community using its capability to auto
segregate the waste and also to make the community clean and also to have a fresh
environment.
To School – This project will help the school to rich the standard of cleanliness to
be a role model of other school using its capability to auto segregate.
To Staff - This project will help the staff and teacher of school to lessen the
workloads to how the school make better and clean.
Page |9
To Teachers - This project will help the Teacher to teach their student about the
importance of cleanliness, also about the right segregation of waste, how the
biodegradable become a fertilizer and decompose, and teachers can also teach about
the filtration of water and how the waste become a useful thing.
To Students - This project will help the student to know about the importance of
cleanliness, responsibilities and to know the study about the separation of waste
between biodegradable and non-biodegradable.
To Researcher - This project gives a new idea about waste segregation. How to
find a solution and solve the problem about the manual segregate of waste and this
project will give more experience to explore the different kind of machine that can help
the community. And also to know the responsibility of being researcher.
To Future researcher - this kind of project is the one of useful machine that can
segregate the waste automatically. So that’s why this project can help the future
researcher to have an idea about the segregation of waste. It is not difficult for them to
find a solution to the problem of community about the environment studies.
P a g e | 10
In addition, It is beneficial to health as well. In the past, burning waste in the
landfill or in the backyard was a common practice. But according to health agencies,
when garbage and plastics are being burned, they produce particulate matter that are
solid compounds and are suspended in the air. Exposure to this can increase the risks
of developing heart disease, respiratory disease, asthma and emphysema. Proper
disposal of waste or waste management relocates waste to areas where they can be
left, incinerated or disposed of in a safe manner. Removing waste from public areas
helps reduce risks to overall health, decreases exposure to biohazards and reduces
infestation of pest.
And, There will be also financial benefits of using compost in agriculture.
Agriculture is the biggest market for compost - trials have shown that quality compost
can significantly improve the long term health of the soil. Improves soil structure for
better workability and better crop establishment.
P a g e | 11
Chapter 2
This chapter covers both foreign and local literature as well as the studies upon the development of Automatic
Waste Segregation Machine with Fertilizer Maker
2.1 Theoretical Background
The Theory of Waste Management represents a more in-depth account of the
domain and contains conceptual analyses of waste, the activity upon waste, and a
holistic view of the goals of waste management. Waste Management Theory is founded
on the expectation that waste management is to prevent waste causing harm to human
health and the environment. The proper definition of waste is crucial to constructing a
sustainable agenda of waste management. It is largely the case that current legislation
attends to existing waste. Definitions emerging from this condition may, however,
conflict with the goals of waste prevention, because something that already exists
cannot be prevented from arising. When material is assigned the label of ‘waste’, it will
be treated as such; consequently, despite its explicit wish of waste prevention, implicitly,
legislation essentially amasses waste. The inherent philosophical implication of such
definitions is that they are not able to facilitate a sustainable waste management system.
Therefore, new, dynamic definitions for waste and waste management must be sought,
which can explain why waste is created and can offer an intrinsic solution for the
problem. A radically new approach, based on an object-oriented modelling language, is
presented to define the key concepts of waste management.
P a g e | 12
2.2 Related Literature
The literature and studies cited in this chapter tackle the different concept,
understanding, and ideas, generalization or conclusions and different development
related to study of the waste segregation from the past up to the present and which
serves as the researchers guide in developing the project. Those that were also
included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to
the present study.
2.2.1 Foreign Literature
According to World Health Organization (2015). Of the total amount of waste
generated by health-care activities, about 85% is general, non-hazardous waste. The
remaining 15% is considered hazardous material that may be infectious, toxic or
radioactive. Every year an estimated 16 billion injections are administered worldwide,
but not all of the needles and syringes are properly disposed of afterwards. Health-care
waste contains potentially harmful microorganisms, which can infect hospital patients,
health workers and the general public. Health-care waste in some circumstances is
incinerated, and dioxins, furans and other toxic air pollutants may be produced as
emissions.
P a g e | 13
The Municipal Council of Sadanga enacted an ordinance establishing solid waste
management also known as “Perkash Fashura Ordinance Na Isadanga”. The
ordinance prohibits dumping of garbage anywhere other than those recognized and
established garbage facilities; dumping of unclean and unsegregated waste at the
redemption center/facility; discharging of human feces along the creeks and rivers;
throwing of wastes in creeks, rivers, public places such as roads, sidewalks and
establishments; and burning of garbage particularly non-biodegradable wastes. It also
requires residents to practice segregation of wastes at source. Reusable solid wastes
such as bottles, plastics, cellophanes and papers shall be brought to the barangay
material recovery facility duly segregated or directly to the agent-buyers. Non-recyclable
materials and special solid wastes will be brought to the material recovery facility, while
hazardous wastes or chemicals will be disposed in coordination with concerned
government agencies according to prescribed methods. The local government is
responsible for collecting reusable, recyclable and non-biodegradable waste materials
from the material recovery facilities; and transporting them to the recycling centers and
or to the municipal material recovery facility. Collection of segregated solid wastes is
scheduled per barangay (Saley, 2015).
In the book of Bikas Ranjan Pati entitled “Recent Trends in Biofertilizers”
(2016) Biofertilizers contain a wide range of naturally chelated plant nutrients,
carbohydrates, amino acids, trace elements and plant growth promoting vitamins and
P a g e | 14
hormones. These articles jointly address the broader need of increasing soil fertility
through sustainable methods and practices. Fresh insights into biofertilizer technology,
biotechnology-based biofertilizers, and other recent developments in this area are
covered in depth. Discussion of the tremendous advancements made in the last decade
in biofertilizer technology through development of biotic and abiotic stress tolerant
microbial strains. It addresses the soil aspects -- nutrient index values for different types
of soil have been presented. Other major highlights of the book are coverage of liquid
biofertilizers; benefits of different biofertilizer efficient strains along with the constraints
in the production, distribution, field and marketing; quality control and assurance
aspects; and application of bioinformatics
According to an article entitled “Biofertilizers Market - Global Industry
Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2017 – 2025” (2017) by Global
Biofertilizers Market. Biofertilizers are the substances which make use of the living
micro-organisms and are applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil. They promote the
growth of the plants by supplying adequate amount of nutrients and improve the quality
and yield of the crops. The three major biofertilizers existing in the market are nitrogen
fixing bio-fertilizer, phosphate mobilizing bio-fertilizer and potassium mobilizing bio-
fertilizer. Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of fixing atmospheric
nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorous, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis
of growth promoting substances. The benefits of Biofertilizers include longer shelf life,
P a g e | 15
less contamination, better survival on seeds and soil, high commercial revenues and
export potential. Biofertilizers help to increase the nutrient absorbing surface area
beyond the depletion zone of the root. Different kinds of soil micro-organisms belonging
to several taxa of the bacteria, fungi, and protozoa kingdoms, colonizing the rhizosphere
or the plant tissues and promoting plant growth, can be utilized for the production of
Biofertilizers.
According to a magazine “Precision Nutrient Management” (2 016) By
Mick Johnston. Many producers have invested in precision management of nutrients
on the farm. This has provided better stewardship of the soil and increased the net profit
per unit of product produced. The majority of producers use grid sampling to lead better
applications of dry fertilizer and lime on the soil. Few producers and companies have
looked at management of liquid products to increase efficiency of plant and soil-
available nutrients.
2.2.2 Local Literature
According to an article entitled “Solid waste management up for
implementation” (2017) of The Office of the City Environment and Natural
Resources (OCENR). The City Ordinance 2016-176 is also known as the Integrated
Solid Waste Management System. OCENR’s public service officer Rodrigo
P a g e | 16
Pagotaisidro said the full implementation of the ordinance will put to effect the salient
provisions of the solid waste management system. Pagotaisidro said this will include
the mandatory segregation of solid waste in residential, institutional, agricultural, and
commercial establishments; the deputation of village and law enforcers for the issuance
of citation tickets for violations; and, the imposition of a garbage fee for business
establishments and residential units. In line with this, Pagotaisidro said the City Solid
Waste Management Board, along with the police and the City Administrator, will
convene on November 16 to prepare and plan out the implementation of the ordinance.
(Bong Garcia/SunStar Philippines)
According to a newspaper article entitled “Hazardous Waste Management
Practices in the Philippines” (2017) by GenSan News Online Mag. Hazardous
wastes have been around for many years, and even though the United States has good
policies and practices on getting rid, or storing, them, other countries are struggling to
do the same. Third world countries like the Philippines are starting to see the benefits
of policies regarding the disposal of the hazardous wastes created by industry,
especially the semiconductor manufacturing plants. Being able to implement new
hazardous waste management policies in a third world country has its own challenges.
Raising awareness of the waste and what hazards they pose is the first one. Treatment
facilities must be built in order to have a place to take the waste once it is determined
to be hazardous to the people around it. To get companies to buy into the management
P a g e | 17
process, there must be incentives for those that have best practices and follow certain
set guidelines. Also, there must be a well-equipped medical services team to respond
should there be a hazardous chemical waste emergency.
According to Plantmate Organic Fertilizer (2015) An organic fertilizer is a
scientifically blended product consisting of biodegradable waste materials e.g. plant and
animal wastes including garbage and sewage wastes fortified with chelated trace
materials, enzymes, growth promotants, phyto-vitamins, probiotics, amino acids,
organic acids and billions of beneficial microorganisms. Functional compounds such as
chelating agents, surfactants, emulsifiers and stabilizers are added and mixed
thoroughly with the biomass to ensure better quality and efficacy as well as enhanced
assimilability of the nutrients contained in the finished product.
According to an article “Fresh Start” (2015) featured by Ida Anita Q. Del
Mundo (The Philippine Star). Fresh Start’s products include organic fertilizers, salad
greens, culinary herbs, fruits and vegetables, rice, coffee, natural sweeteners, natural
personal care, and naturally-processed food. With its success and alongside
developments in organic fertilizer production, Fresh Start expanded into a commercial
composting facility and also established a demonstration farm to showcase their results
to potential buyers. Because of this, purchasing organic products has become a very
important lifestyle change. “Organic farming works with nature while producing the
P a g e | 18
highest quality food for consumers and provides fair prices to farmers and at the same
time cares for the environment for future generations,” Ramon Jr., a natural coffee
farmer from Negros Occidental.
According to an article “Atlas Fertilizer” (2016) featured by The CEO
Magazine. As one of the oldest and largest chemical fertilizer manufacturing
companies in the Philippines, Atlas Fertilizer Corporation is playing a critical role
in the country’s agricultural development. Atlas Fertilizer Corporation has a long
history of almost 60 years in the Philippines. It is the only company of its kin d to
have coverage of the entire country, working with the local farming communities
to help them improve their crops and increase yields. A subsidiary of Sojitz
Corporation, Atlas is able to leverage off of its mother company’s expertise and
technology to deliver the most value to its customers. It only produces pure
chemical mixtures for its fertilizers and this gives it a unique point of difference in
the marketplace. “Our goal is to do this through our quality farm practices. The
Philippines is not the richest country, it is still developing. More than 40 percent
of the poverty ratio in the country belongs to rural poverty but 90 percent of the
rural poverty is really in the agriculture and fisheries sectors. And nearly half of
the working population is doing something related to agriculture. What we have
to think about is how we can help these poor farmers to increase their crop yields
so they can provide a more comfortable life for their families. We can do that by
P a g e | 19
helping them with proper fertilization and agriculture technology.” - Takashi Sumi
(CEO)
2.3 Related Studies
2.3.1 Foreign Studies
According to the study of Ramatta Massa Yoada entitled “Domestic waste
disposal practice and perceptions of private sector waste management in urban
Accra” (2015) revealed that 93.1% of households disposed of food debris as waste and
77.8% disposed of plastic materials as waste. The study also showed that 61.0% of the
households disposed of their waste at community bins or had waste picked up at their
homes by private contractors. The remaining 39.0% disposed of their waste in gutters,
streets, holes and nearby bushes. Of those who paid for the services of private
contractors, 62.9% were not satisfied with the services because of their cost and
irregular collection. About 83% of the respondents were aware that improper waste
management contributes to disease causation; most of the respondents thought that
improper waste management could lead to malaria and diarrhoea. There was a general
perception that children should be responsible for transporting waste from the
households to dumping sites.
P a g e | 20
According to the study of B.W. Green, in Feed and Feeding Practices in
Aquaculture entitled “Fertilizers in aquaculture” (2015) The nutrient content
of organic fertilizers varies greatly among source materials, and readily biodegradable
materials make better nutrient sources. Nitrogen and phosphorus content is lower, often
substantially lower, in organic fertilizers compared to chemical fertilizers. Moisture
content is another factor that reduces or dilutes the nitrogen and phosphorus
concentrations of organic fertilizers. Thus, it can be cost ineffective to transport high-
moisture organic fertilizer long distances. However, use of locally available sources is
perfectly reasonable if its use is consistent with the production strategy. Nutrient value
of animal manures is more variable than that of agricultural by-products. The animal's
diet, the use and type of bedding material, manure age, and how it was stored are
factors that affect manure nutrient value; These factors can vary seasonally on and
among farms, and regionally or on a larger geographic scale. In contrast, nutrient
content of agricultural by-products is less variable but can be affected by the industrial
process used to produce the by-product. However, it always is advisable to analytically
determine the nutrient content of the organic fertilizer.
Also, a (2017) study in the “The Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Plants” by
Chris Dinesen Rogers. The basic purpose of organic fertilizers is to improve the soil
quality by amending it with nutrients it may lack. The International Fertilizer Industry
Association defines fertilizers as materials containing 5 percent of more of the three
P a g e | 21
essential plant nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and phosphate. Nitrogen is vital for plant
growth. The atmosphere contains about 78 percent nitrogen, explains the International
Plant Nutrition Institute. However, this atmospheric form is not usable by plants. Organic
fertilizers provide nitrogen in a usable form, which will help improve plant growth while
neither burning roots nor destroying beneficial micro-organisms in the soil. Organic
fertilizers help prevent diseases by meeting the plants' nutritional needs. This action
removes a serious source of stress. As with disease, organic fertilizers can help plants
resist parasitic infestations by insects and other agents. Parasites may attack plants at
a site of injury. A healthy plant is actively growing plant tissue during the growing season
and can repair the damage, setting up a barrier against parasites.
Another study entitled “Development of organic fertilizers from food market
waste and urban gardening by composting in Ecuador.” (2017) by Jara-
Samaniego J. In the Chimborazo Region (Ecuador), more than 80% of municipal solid
waste is dumped into environment due to the lack of an efficient waste management
strategy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a demonstration project at field
scale in this region to evaluate the feasibility of implanting the composting technology
not only for the management of the organic waste fluxes from food market and
gardening activities to be scaled-up in other developing regions, but also to obtain an
end-product with a commercial value as organic fertilizer. Three co-composting
mixtures were prepared using market wastes mixed with pruning of trees and
P a g e | 22
ornamental palms as bulking agents. Two piles were created using different proportions
of market waste and prunings of trees and ornamental palms: pile 1 (50:33:17) with a
C/N ratio 25; pile 2: (60:30:10) with C/N ratio 24 and pile 3 (75:0:25) with C/N ratio 33),
prepared with market waste and prunings of ornamental palm. Throughout the process,
the temperature of the mixtures was monitored and organic matter evolution was
determined using thermogravimetric and chemical techniques. Additionally, physico-
chemical, chemical and agronomic parameters were determined to evaluate compost
quality. The results obtained indicated that all the piles showed a suitable development
of the composting process, with a significant organic matter decomposition, reached in
a shorter period of time in pile 3. At the end of the process, all the composts showed
absence of phytotoxicity and suitable agronomic properties for their use as organic
fertilizers. This reflects the viability of the proposed alternative to be scaled-up in
developing areas, not only to manage and recycle urban waste fluxes, but also to obtain
organic fertilizers, including added value in economic terms related to nutrient contents.
According to the study entitled “Compost Process and Organic Fertilizers
Application in China” (2016) by Guanghui Yu, Wei Ran and Qirong Shen.
Composting is an inexpensive and sustainable treatment for solid wastes. The
composting industry has been growing rapidly because of a boom in the animal industry
in China over the past decades. In this chapter, we introduce composting process and
status in China, especially in Jiangsu Province. Meanwhile, the developed novel
P a g e | 23
spectroscopy techniques are also introduced, which are more suitable for assessment
of compost maturity than the conventional techniques in view of ease of sample
preparation, rapid spectrum acquisition, and nondestructive nature of the analysis.
These novel spectroscopy techniques include near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy
(NIRS)––partial least squares (PLS) analysis and fluorescence excitation–emission
matrix (EEM) spectroscopy––parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. In addition, organic
fertilizer amendments can not only improve soil fertility but also offset chemical
fertilizers’ nanoscale changes. Emerging cutting-edge technologies of synchrotron-
based X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and nanoscale secondary
ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) were used to identify the composition of organic
carbon and minerals and their correlations, respectively. Recently, investigators have
shown that organic fertilizer amendments could enhance the production of highly
reactive minerals, for example, allophane, imogolite, and ferrihydrite, which further
benefit for soil carbon storage and soil fertility improvement.
2.3.2 Local Studies
The Motiong town government in Samar has vowed to intensify the
implementation of its “Solid Waste Management Program” after barangay chairmen
here took at one-day seminar-workshop on the program. The activity was held at the
Legislative Building Wednesday, August 29. Motiong Mayor Francisco M. Langi Sr. said
P a g e | 24
30 barangay chairmen of his municipality attended said seminar-workshop sponsored
by the town government conducted Municipal Planning and Development Officer, Engr.
Nicasio Permejo. Langi said all the barangay chairmen were educated on the provisions
of the Solid Waste Management Act of 2003 so that they would be acquainted with and
help implement the law in their respective barangays and propagate environmental
preservation. He said the town government will strictly implement the “no segregation,
no collection policy” in all of Motiong’s barangays and urged the barangay officials to
put up a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) where they can segregate bio-degradable
and non-biodegradable waste materials. Such materials can be turned into a livelihood
as, according to Langi, “there is money in junk” (Abrematea, 2015).
The Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources is mandated to prepare environmental status
reports. The latest report focuses on the brown environment in which certain core issues
such as the status and management of air and water quality and the assessment and
management of solid wastes, toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes in the country are
discussed. Other major concerns include Environmental Impact Assessment,
multilateral environmental agreements, environmental education, pollution adjudication,
among others. The EMB-DENR is preparing the National State of the Brown
Environment report (NSoBER) covering the last seven years: 2008-2014. During these
years, sectoral reports had been written – on air quality, water quality and solid waste;
P a g e | 25
and other environmental concerns and issues. However, these had not been
consolidated and integrated into a single, national report. The Environmental Education
and Information Division (EEID) of the EMB-DENR, with the concerned sectoral offices
of the EMB have continued the process of collecting, archiving, sorting and organizing
them for retrieval and use in report preparation. The preparation of the NSoBER is a
vital function for EMB-DENR. Nevertheless, the cross-cutting and multi-dimensional
nature of the environment necessitates a great deal of coordination with other
government agencies, academe, civil society and the private sector. (2016)
“Microbes on fertilizers play a critical role on the plant yield and increase in harvest
and production? On the average, an ordinary organic fertilizer can only has 5 to none
microbes and can only increase yield up to 3.4% to 8.1%. Our Plantmate Organic
Fertilizer has 25 microbes and is proven to increase yield by 30%-50% has balanced
composition of beneficial microbes with chelated trace elements, growth promotants
and balanced micronutrients which are readily assimilable by the plant and thus, it is
indeed the most superior organic fertilizer compared to others. These 25 microbes were
discovered through the years of our research, and now plays a significant role on
increasing yield.” According to Plantmate Organic Fertilizer (2015)
According to a Metropolitan Manila Development Authority report (2017), the
increase in trash cost taxpayers P1.84 billion in tipping fees. Metro Manila is generating
P a g e | 26
too much trash, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) revealed in its
report attached to the 2016 Commission on Audit (COA) report released on June 21.
According to the report, the waste generated by the National Capital Region increased
by about 450,000 cubic meters, equivalent to some 75,000 truckloads of trash. The
MMDA had to haul 10.72 million cubic meters of trash in 2016 compared to just 10.27
million cubic meters in 2015. At the rate the metropolis is generating trash, the 3 landfills
it is using would be rendered unusable by 2037 at the latest, the MMDA report said.
These disposal facilities will be unusable by the following years: Quezon City Sanitary
Land Fill – 2021, Navotas Sanitary Land Fill – 2026 & Rizal Provincial Sanitary Landfill
– 2037. According to the report, the increase in trash cost taxpayers P1.84 billion
through tipping fees. Traffic violations too, If business and households showed little
discipline with their garbage, Metro Manila motorists proved no better. The report
revealed the MMDA recorded a stellar increase of 40,430 apprehensions in 2016, or
110 more violators caught per day compared to 2015. Constables issued a total of
249,304 traffic tickets in 2016, against 208,874 in 2015. From this increase in
apprehensions, the MMDA earned close to P100 million in traffic fines – P6 million
higher than in 2015.
And also, According to the studies of UPLB “Viability of corn cobs as
alternative fertilizer” (2015) By Diana Rose De Leon. Next to rice, white corn is the
choice staple food of about 14 million Filipinos and yellow corn is used as a major
P a g e | 27
Feed stock for feeds. With that much production and only the corn kernels utilized,
imagine the wastage incurred to its inedible part – the corn cob. Corn cob is part of the
corn ear on which the kernels grow, comprising about 20- to- 30 percent of the corn ear
weight. In the Philippines, corn cobs are commonly utilized as fuel. As there are no
scientific literatures to support the effectiveness of corn cobs as fertilizer, it cannot be
officially recommended to corn farmers to use their unutilized cobs as fertilizer, thus, a
scientific research was initiated to explore the potential of the corn cobs as alternative
source of potassium fertilizer. The UPLB-led research is funded by the Bureau of
Agricultural Research (BAR). The project objectives are to: 1) Identify and evaluate corn
cultivars and the contribution of corn cobs in terms of available potassium and other
nutrient contents. 2) Evaluate the effectiveness of corn cobs and ashes derived from
commercial corn dryers and farmer’s fields when used as potassium-source and
determine the period of time required for the potassium to be available to plants when
applied to the field, and 3) Determine the economics of using corn cobs and/or ashes
as substitute source for the potassium fertilization of white corn. The farmers can also
use the corn cob extracts as foliar spray or liquid fertilizer by soaking it for four to five
weeks in water. However, the proponents are still determining the right amount of
dilution for optimum effectiveness.
P a g e | 28
Chapter 3
3.1 Technicality of the Project
3.1.1 Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output
Knowledge
 Problems
Encountered
 Policy
 Programming
Skills Automatic
 Research Waste
Software  Project Designing
 Arduino Uno 1.8.2 Segregation
 Coding
Hardware  Project
Machine with
 Arduino Uno R3 Development
 Capacitive  Hardware Testing Fertilizer
Proximity Sensor
Procedures
 Inductive Proximity Maker
Sensor
 Servo Motor 10kg
& 2kg
 Ultrasonic Sonar
Sensor
FEEDBACK
P a g e | 29
The purpose of conceptual paradigm is to generally speaking, to facilitate an
understanding of a network of ideas in accessible terms. The input consist the programs
offered by the machine in terms of waste segregation. It also consist the knowledge. It
serves as the first tool in making the machine. Knowledge in Policy which show the rules
and regulations of the system. Problems Encountered, which can help to improve critical
thinking. And Programming Skills that can help to make codes and programs that is
appropriate in the system. It also consist software like Arduino Uno for inputting the
commands and hardware such as Arduino Uno R3, Capacitive Proximity Sensor,
Inductive Proximity Sensor, Servo Motor 10kg & 2kg and Ultrasonic Sonar Sensor. It is
needed to make the Automatic Waste Segregation with fertilizer maker possible.
The Process of system approach focused on Research, Project Designing,
Coding, Project Development, Hardware Testing Procedures and the formulation of an
action plan is also included in the process.
The Output of the system process consisted of the action plan to develop the
Automatic Waste Segregation with fertilizer maker. A feedback loop provided a data
which of course serves as a guide in making same revision on the input, process and
output for the enhancement of the system.
P a g e | 30
3.1.2 Flowchart
Start
Storage bin Figure 1
No
Is there
a
waste?
Yes
Is the Is the
No No Unidentified
waste a waste a
metal? plastic?
Yes Yes Shredder
Shredder Shredder
Biodegradable
Bin
Metal Bin Plastic Bin
Compost
End Fertilizer
P a g e | 31
3.2 Details of the Technology to be used
3.2.1 Hardware
Figure 2
Arduino Uno R3 – is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs),
6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button. It consists of both a physical programmable circuit board
(often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload
computer code to the physical board.
P a g e | 32
Figure 3
Capacitive Proximity Sensor – can detect both metallic and non-metallic targets
in powder, granulate, liquid, and solid form. This, along with their ability to sense through
nonferrous materials, makes them ideal for sight glass monitoring, tank liquid level
detection, and hopper powder level recognition.
Figure 4
Inductive Proximity Sensor – These non-contact proximity sensors detect
ferrous targets, ideally mild steel thicker than one millimeter. They consist of four major
components: a ferrite core with coils, an oscillator, a Schmitt trigger, and an output
amplifier.
P a g e | 33
Figure 5 Figure 6
Servo Motor 10kg & 2kg – is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for
precise control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a
suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback. Servos are controlled by
sending an electrical pulse of variable width, or pulse width modulation (PWM), through
the control wire. There is a minimum pulse, a maximum pulse, and a repetition rate.
A servo motor can usually only turn 90° in either direction for a total of 180° movement.
Figure 7
5 pins Ultrasonic Sonar Sensor – is a device that can measure the distance to
an object by using sound waves. It sends out a high-frequency sound pulse and then
times how long it takes for the echo of the sound to reflect back. It measures distance
P a g e | 34
by sending out a sound wave at a specific frequency and listening for that sound wave
to bounce back. It is important to understand that some objects might not be detected
by ultrasonic sensors.
3.2.2 Software
Figure 8
Arduino Uno 1.8.2 IDE – is an open source computer hardware
and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures
single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and
interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world.
P a g e | 35
3.3 How the project will work
There’s a bin with pile of waste where different types of waste is being stored. The
used of Robotic arm is to segregate waste one by one and take it to the sensors without
human intervention. The capacitive to sense if it is plastic & inductive to sense if it is
metallic. The waste that the two sensors can’t be sense will be consider as
biodegradable. Sensors help to identify the assignable bin for the waste. Each
assignable bins has crush shredder that will cut the waste into strips or confetti-like
squares and used for reducing the size of scrap waste. The shredded waste in
biodegradable bin will be compost and used as fertilizer into the soil.
P a g e | 36
UNDEFINED DRY
WASTE
Raindrop
Detection Sensor
Wet waste
Dry waste
Wet waste
Dry waste
CRUSHER
GSM MODULE
Send sms
notification if
the bin is full
P a g e | 37
Bibliography
Johnston, Mick (2016) Precision Nutrient Management

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bijay_Singh5/publication/310605305_Precision
_nutrient_management_A_review/links/583326d208ae138f1c0a8ae9/Precision-
nutrient-management-A-review.pdf
Del Mundo, Ida Anita Q., (2015) Fresh Start, The Philippine Star
https://www.philstar.com/author/Ida%20Anita%20Q.%20del%20Mundo?page=8
Ramatta Massa Yoada, (2015) Domestic waste disposal practice and perceptions of
private sector waste management in urban Accra
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-14-697
Bikas Ranjan Pati (2016) Recent Trends in Biofertilizers

https://www.amazon.com/Recent-Trends-Biofertilizers-Pati-Bikas-
ebook/dp/B01B5YY7JY
Rogers, Chris Dinesen, (2017) The Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Plants

https://www.livestrong.com/article/242783-the-effects-of-organic-fertilizer-on-plants/
Samaniego, Jara J., (2017) Development of organic fertilizers from food market
waste and urban gardening by composting in Ecuador
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0181621
Guanghui Yu, Wei Ran (2016) Compost Process and Organic Fertilizers Application
in China
https://www.intechopen.com/books/organic-fertilizers-from-basic-concepts-to-
applied-outcomes/compost-process-and-organic-fertilizers-application-in-china
De Leon, Diana Rose, (2015) Viability of corn cobs as alternative fertilizer

http://old.philstar.com/agriculture/2014/10/12/1379156/uplb-studies-viability-corn-
cobs-alternative-fertilizer
P a g e | 38
Webliography
 http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/organi-
fertilizer
 http://www.plantmateorganics.com
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226987/
 http://www.witpress.com/elibrary/wit-transactions-on-eecology-and-the-
environment/78/14399
 http://www.sunstar.com.ph/zamboanga/local-news/2017/11/16/solid-waste-
management-implementation-575103
P a g e | 39
P a g e | 40

AutoWaste With Fertilizer

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

AutoWaste With Fertilizer

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Pateros Technological College

College St. Sto.Rosario Kanluran, Pateros, Metro Manila

a proper waste disposal is waste segregation. Waste segregation is important to our

environment. It is segregating the bio-degradable from non-biodegradable. It helps our

Under the Republic Act (RA) 9003 or the Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 a landmark environmental legislation in

reduction through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including

management facilities in accordance with ecologically sustainable development

management practice of separating different materials found in solid waste in order to

The organic waste is segregated from non-recyclable and inorganic waste.

earth and that do not disintegrate.

alternative to many artificial brands currently on the market. Creating compost is

more technologically advanced and to achieve this concept, We develop Automatic

1.2 Background of the study

The management of solid waste continues to be a major challenge in urban areas

generation of an enormous volume of solid waste, which poses a serious threat to

environmental quality and human health.

As more cities become industrialized, the congenital problem of waste management

kilograms to tonnage proportions recently.

making the world healthier.

1.3 Objectives of the project

1.3.1 General Objectives

To increase awareness in garbage situation and develop sustainable system that

the community for healthier and well environment.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

 To develop fully functional automated waste segregation equipment

nature and estimated volumes of waste to be generated.

without human intervention and reduce human time and effort.

 To promote to secure effective, sustainable and ecologically sound waste

management and recycling for many years to come.

1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Project

 The machine can segregate waste at a time using arm robot.

reducing the size of scrap waste.

 The machine can turn/process the biodegradable waste into organic

using red led to the personnel.

 The machine will not work if there is power interruption/brownout.

 Glass, Wood, Paper can’t be accepted by the machine.

1.5 Significance of the study of the Project

the promotion of green and healthy environment.

The study is beneficial to the following:

be a role model of other school using its capability to auto segregate.

workloads to how the school make better and clean.

between biodegradable and non-biodegradable.

the community. And also to know the responsibility of being researcher.

find a solution to the problem of community about the environment studies.

In addition, It is beneficial to health as well. In the past, burning waste in the

of developing heart disease, respiratory disease, asthma and emphysema. Proper

And, There will be also financial benefits of using compost in agriculture.

better workability and better crop establishment.

Waste Segregation Machine with Fertilizer Maker

2.1 Theoretical Background

The Theory of Waste Management represents a more in-depth account of the

legislation essentially amasses waste. The inherent philosophical implication of such

problem. A radically new approach, based on an object-oriented modelling language, is

presented to define the key concepts of waste management.

2.2 Related Literature

understanding, and ideas, generalization or conclusions and different development

the present study.

2.2.1 Foreign Literature

According to World Health Organization (2015). Of the total amount of waste

generated by health-care activities, about 85% is general, non-hazardous waste. The

remaining 15% is considered hazardous material that may be infectious, toxic or

radioactive. Every year an estimated 16 billion injections are administered worldwide,