Neurotransmitters-can be excitatory or inhibitory)

Types:
1. Acetylcholine-muscle movement
2. Biogenic amines (thinking process)
-Dopamine -Serotonin
-Norepinephrine -Histamine
3. Amino acids
-GABA
-Peptides

Neuroglia-protect and nourish neurons; mitotic

- do not transmit impulses
Neuroglia Function
Astrocytes Supply nutrients to neurons
Microglia Provide protection against microorganisms
Oligodendrocytes Wrap tightly around nerve fibers to form myelin
sheath
Ependymal cells Ciliated; line brain cavities; forms CSF
Schwann cells Phagocytic cells that form myelin sheath around
nerve fibers
Satellite cells Found in the PNS; may maintain chemical balance of
neurons

Cranium and Cerebral column

Cranium-composed of 8 cranial and facial bones
Foramen magnum-largest hole through which the brain stem extends to the spinal cord
Vertebral column-protects the spinal cord, supports the head and provides flexibility; strengthened by
ligaments and fibrocartilage disc

Cranial meninges
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater

Falx cerebri-divides the left from right

hemispheres
Subdural-more bleeding

Central Nervous system:

I. Cerebrum
a. Consists of 2 hemisphere
b. Corpus callosum-connects two
hemisphere
c. Cerebral cortex-outer surface of the
cerebrum
d. Basal ganglia-located deep within cerebral hemisphere
e. Internal capsule-white matter consisting of bundle of nerve fibers carrying motor and sensory
impulses to and from cerebral cortex

Neurotransmitters-can be excitatory or inhibitory)

Types:
4. Acetylcholine-muscle movement
5. Biogenic amines (thinking process)
-Dopamine -Serotonin
-Norepinephrine -Histamine
6. Amino acids
-GABA
-Peptides

Neuroglia-protect and nourish neurons; mitotic

- do not transmit impulses
 Neuroglia Function
Astrocytes Supply nutrients to neurons
Microglia Provide protection against microorganisms
Oligodendrocytes Wrap tightly around nerve fibers to form myelin
sheath
Ependymal cells Ciliated; line brain cavities; forms CSF
Schwann cells Phagocytic cells that form myelin sheath around
nerve fibers
Satellite cells Found in the PNS; may maintain chemical balance of
neurons

Cranium and Cerebral column

Cranium-composed of 8 cranial and facial bones
Foramen magnum-largest hole through which the brain stem extends to the spinal cord
Vertebral column-protects the spinal cord, supports the head and provides flexibility; strengthened by
ligaments and fibrocartilage disc