MULTI EVAPORATOR REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By
Prince Kumar Tiwari Reg. No. 1501287531
Md Hamid Ansari Reg. No. 1501287401
Gufran Khan Reg. No. 1501287390
Dipak Borah Reg. No. 1501287387
Dipak Kumar Jala Reg. No. 1501287388
Harsh Raj Reg. No. 1501287391
Devnandan Kumar Mandal Reg. No. 1501287383
Nishikanta Behera Reg. No. 1501287407
Lalatendu Sahoo Reg. No. 1501287397

Guided By
Prof. Chandrika Samal

GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT

BHUBANESWAR
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement, Bhubaneswar
Ref no:…………………… Date:…………………..

Certificate

Certified that project work entitled “Multi Evaporator Refrigeration

System” is a bonafide work carried out in 4th year in partial fulfillment for
the award of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering, from
Biju Patnaik University of Technology during the academic year 2015-
2019.Project Work is guided by prof. chandrika samal.

Prof. (Dr.) Manoj Kumar Pradhan Prof. Chandrika Samal

(H.O.D., Dept. of ME) (project Guide)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement, Bhubaneswar

ACKNOLEDGEMENT

I express my deepest sense of gratitude to our beloved professor Prof.(Dr.)Manoj

Kumar Pradhan,Head of Department,Mechanical Engineering for his initiative and
constant inspiration.
I also express gratitude to Prof. Chandrika Samal, project supervisor for his
guidance and constant support.
Lastly, words run to express my gratitude to all the faculties of the Mechanical
Engineering Dept. and friends for their support and co-operation, constructive
criticism and valuable suggestion during preparation of this project report.
Thanking All…..

(Full signature of the student) (Full signature of the student) (Full signature of the Student)
PRINCE KUMAR TIWARI MD HAMID ANSARI NISHIKANTA BEHERA
Reg. No:1501287531 Reg. No:1501287401 Reg. No:1501287407

(Full signature of the student) (Full signature of the student) (Full signature of the student)
DEONANDAN KUMAR MANDAL DIPAK BORAH DIPAK KUMAR JALA
Reg. No: 1501287383 Reg. No:1501287387 Reg. No:1501287388

(Full signature of the student) (Full signature of the student) (Full signature of the student)
GUFRAN KHAN HARSH RAJ LALATENDU SAHOO
Reg. No: 1501287390 Reg. No:1501287391 Reg. No:1501287397
CONTENT :
ABSTRACT
1.INTRODUCTION
2.DIFFERENT PARTS USED IN MULTI EVAPORATING SYSTEM
2.1.COMPRESSOR
2.2.CONDENSER
2.3.EXPANSION VALVE
2.4.EVAPORATOR
2.5.CAPILARY TUBE
3.P-H GRAPH OF SINGLE STAGE MULTI STAGE EVAPORATING SYSTEM
4.SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SINGLE STAGE MULTI STAGE EVAPORATING
SYSTEM
5.THEORY AND ADVANTAGE OVER SIMPLE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
6.WORKING PRINCIPLE
7.P-H GRAPH OF MULTI STAGE MULTI STAGE EVAPORATING SYSTEM
8.SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF MULTI STAGE MULTI STAGE EVAPORATING
SYSTEM
9.ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF MULTI EVAPORATING SYSTEM
9.1.ADVANTAGE
9.2.DISADVANTAGE
10.EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
11. COST ESTIMATION
12. DESCRIPTION OF PARTS
13. EXPERIMENTAL DATA
14.CONCLUSION
15.REFERENCE
 ABSTRACT

In many industrial and residential application, we require different temperature for

different application, for example in office application one refrigeration system
require at low temperature for chilling products at medium temperature, whereas
one more system may require, which has somewhat higher temperatures compare
to other for
human comfort. To obtain such different temperature by normal single
refrigeration system it is very difficult, as temperature requirement is different for
different application but basic operation of cycle is same so, to follow economy,
low initial cost, and operating cost it is essential to run a single refrigeration system
with multi evaporator. In current research multi-evaporator system, with two
evaporators is developed. These two evaporators are designed for two different
temperatures. These two evaporators may be used for different application one is
for refrigerator & another is for air conditioner. The arrangement is made to vary
the load on evaporator by using electrical heater. The prime objective is to check
the performance of system with variation in the temperature and load on the
evaporator and simulate the system with Cool Pack software.
Keywords:-
Multi evaporator, combined refrigerator & air conditioner, cool pack, simulation
1. INTRODUCTION
There are many applications where refrigeration plant is required to meet the
various refrigerating loads at different temperatures. For example, systems for
hotels, large restaurant, institutions and food preservation industries. In these cases,
it is necessary that each location is cooled by separate evaporators to maintain the
particular temperature and produce the required refrigeration load. Hence it
requires different refrigerating units with single evaporator for each location.
Instead it will be beneficial to use a refrigerating unit with multiple evaporators
working at different temperatures.

It is the purpose of this paper to introduce vapor compression system which uses a
single compressor and individual expansion devices to provide the concurrent
testing.

Different refrigeration system may not be economically viable due to the high
total initial cost. Another alternative is to use a single refrigeration system with one
compressor and two evaporators

There will also be other difficulties such as: evaporator catering to space cooling
may collect frost leading to blockage of air-flow passages, if a liquid is to chilled
then it may freeze on the evaporator and the moisture content of air may become
too low leading to water losses in the food products. In such cases multi-stage
systems with multiple evaporators can be used. Several multi evaporator
combination are possible in practice

In this we have to analyse the performance of the refrigeration system when

different refrigerants are used in the same system with changing suction and
discharge pressure. The performance parameters will be COP & the refrigerating
effect obtained at evaporator
2. DIFFERENT PARTS USED IN
MULTIEVAPORATING SYSTEM
2.1 COMPRESSOR :

A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by

reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor.

The basic working principle of an air compressor is to compress atmospheric

air, which is then used as per the requirements. ... In simpler terms, free or
atmospheric air is compressed after reducing its volume and at the same time,
increase

The inlet sucks air in for the piston to compress. The compressed air is then
released through the discharge valve. In certain air compressor models, the
pressure is produced with rotating impellers. ... In turn, the compressed air is
used to power the pneumatic tools connected to the unit supply lines.
 2.2 CONDENSER

A condenser is a heat exchanging device in which substances condense. They

lose heat and turn into the liquid from the gaseous state.

Inside the condenser, the refrigerant vapor is compressed and forced through
a heat exchange coil, condensing it into a liquid and rejecting the heat
previously absorbed from the cool indoor area. The condenser's heat
exchanger is generally cooled by a fan blowing outside air through it.

The purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a

steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine
exhaust steam into pure water (referred to as steam condensate) so that it may
be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water

2.3. EXPANSION VALVE

The expansion valve removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow
expansion or change of state from a liquid to a vapor in the evaporator.

The expansion valve removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to

allow expansion or change of state from a liquid to a vapor in the evaporator.
 ... Under a greatly reduced pressure the liquid refrigerant is at its coldest as it
leaves the expansion valve and enters the evaporator.

2.4. EVAPORATOR

An evaporator is a device in a process used to turn the liquid form of a

chemical substance such as water into its gaseous-form/vapor. The liquid is
evaporated, or vaporized, into a gas form of the targeted substance in that

process .
 Evaporator is an important component together with other major components
in a refrigeration system such as compressor, condenser and expansion device.
The reason for refrigeration is to remove heat from air, water or other
substance. It is here that the liquid refrigerant is expanded and evaporated.

The evaporator works the opposite of the condenser, here refrigerant liquid
is converted to gas, absorbing heat from the air in the compartment. When the
liquid refrigerant reaches the evaporator its pressure has been reduced,
dissipating its heat content and making it much cooler than the fan air flowing
around it.

CAPILARY TUBE

Capillary tube is basically a expansion device looks similar to this in any

refrigerator the capillary is connected in between a condenser and evaporator to
expand the refrigerant inside.
Capillary tubes are the simplest of all refrigerant flow controls, with no moving
parts. They normally consist only of a copper pipe, diameter 0.5 to 1.5 mm and
length 1.5 to 6 m. The expansion function is caused simply by the pressure drop
induced by the long, narrow tube. The mass flow through the tube depends on
the pressure difference between the condensing and evaporating sides .
Capillary tube is one of the most commonly used throttling devices in the

refrigeration and the air conditioning systems. The capillary tube is a

copper tube of very small internal diameter. It is of very long length and it is
coiled to several turns so that it would occupy less space
3. P-H DIAGRAM OF SINGLE STAGE
MULTIEVAPORATING SYSTEM
4. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SINGLE STAGE
MULTIEVAPORATING SYSTEM
5. THEORY AND ADVANTAGE OVER SIMPLE
REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

The PRV maintain the required pressure in high temperature evaporator. Compared
to the earlier system, this system offers the advantage of higher refrigeration effect
at the high temperature evaporator.

This advantage is counterbalanced by higher specific work input due to the

operation of compressor in superheated region. Thus ultimately there may not be
any improvement in system COP due to this arrangement. It is easy to see that this
modification does not result in significant improvement in performance due to the
fact that the refrigerant vapour at the intermediate pressure is reduced first using
the PRV and again increased using compressor. Obviously this is inefficient.
However, this system is still preferred to the earlier system due to proper operation
of high temperature evaporator.
6. WORKING PRINCIPLE
A two evaporator single compressor with individual expansion valves for each
evaporator after passing through the back pressure valve enters into the
compressors and hence there is a significant rise in temperature is observed. This
system helps in dropping the pressure from high pressure evaporators with the help
of back pressure valves. The high pressure ratio is obtained which necessarily
compresses the vapor to high extent from the higher temperature evaporators to
condenser temperature. This kind of refrigerator has greater application in load
varying purpose. Moreover, high value of COP and better operating economy is
observed

P-h diagram of a multi evaporator system which employs multiple compressors, a

flash tank for flash gas removal and intercooling. This system is good for low
temperature lift applications with different refrigeration loads. For example one
evaporator operating for quick freezing of food products and other evaporator
operating for storage of frozen food. As shown in the system schematic, the
pressure in the high temperature evaporator (Evaporator-II) is same as that of flash
tank. Superheated vapour from the low-stage compressor is cooled to the saturation
temperature in the flash tank.

The low temperature evaporator operates efficiently as flash gas is removed in

theflash tank. In addition the high-stage compressor (Compressor-II) operates
efficiently as the suction vapour is saturated. Even though the high stage
compressor has to handle higher mass flow rate due to de-superheating of
refrigerant in the flash tank, still the total power input to the system can be reduced
substantially, especially with refrigerants such as ammonia.
7. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF MULTI STAGE
MULTI EVAPORATING SYSTEM

Multi evaporator system that uses two evaporators at two different temperatures
and a single compressor. This system also uses individual expansion valves and a
pressure regulating valve (PRV) for reducing the pressure from that corresponding
to the high temperature evaporator to the compressor suction pressure. The PRV
also maintains the required pressure in high temperature evaporator
8. P-H DIAGRAM OF MULTI STAGE MULTI
EVAPORATING SYSTEM

P-h diagram of a multievaporator with a single compressor and multiple expansion

valves. It can be seen from the P-h diagram that the advantage of this system
compared to the system with individual expansion valves is that the refrigeration
effect of the low temperature evaporator increases as saturated liquid enters the low
stage expansion valve. Since the flash gas is removed at state 4, the low
temperature evaporator operates more efficiently.
9. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF MULTI
EVAPORATING SYSTEM

9.1. ADVANTAGE :

 Less expensive to install

 Power consumption is less compare to other systems
 In our Evaporators, no Jet Cleaning is required.
 Capable of lower dew points than conventional technology
 Temperature-neutral operation provides effective refrigeration capacity.

9.2. DISADVANTAGE :

Since only one refrigerant is used throughout the system, the refrigerant
used should have high critical temperature and low freezing point.
Possibility of migration of lubricating oil from one compressor to other
leading to compressor break-down
10. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

In many refrigeration or air conditioning installations, different temperatures are

required at various points in the plant. This is true in case of supermarkets, food
storage plants etc., where food products of all kinds are received in large quantities
and stored at different conditions. Similarly, in some other cases, a large number of
spaces have to be maintained at almost similar temperature. This occurs in the case
of air conditioning of big residential complexes. Depending on the system
requirements, various arrangements of vapour compression systems can be made
that can serve that particular purpose with respect to environmental and energy
conservation. A basic vapour compression system can thus be used as a building
block to develop complex air conditioning and refrigeration units.

The primary objective of this chapter is to demonstrate the necessity and feasibility
of advanced model based control for multi-evaporator air conditioning systems.
Few research studies have been conducted till date on this issue. Static modelling
and analysis work was done by which is not helpful for research on dynamic and
control. Lee et al. did work on control of a dual evaporator system using online
system identification methods and their results showed good controller
performance but analysis of the cycle dynamics was not presented.

We worked on multi-evaporator systems however their model was useful for

refrigeration applications only. et al. also proposed a strategy applicable only to
refrigeration systems by using electronic pressure regulating valves. With this
background, in this chapter, we contribute uniquely by introducing and validating
first principles based modelling methodology for multi-evaporator air conditioning
systems, which are dynamically more complex than the refrigeration systems. The
resulting model provides significant insight into the system dynamics which is
useful for the design of advanced
control strategies.
11. COST ESTIMATION
SL NO Details Of Items Amount In Rs

1 COMPRESSOR 8500

2 LEAK TESTING 1000

3 LOW TEMPERATURE METER 1000

4 HIGH TEMPERATURE METER 1000

5 HEAT EXCHANGER 1500

6 WIRING 3500

7 GAS CHARGING 4500

8 SERVICE & TESTING 3000

9 INCIDENTAL EXPENCES 1000

10 TOTAL 25000
12. DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENT PARTS

SL NO Details Of Items DESCRIPTION

1 COMPRESSOR AQUA66,REFRIGERANT-134A
2 2 TEMPERATURE LOW TEMPERATURE & HIGH
METER TEMPERATURE METER
3 VOLT METER 0V-300V
4 AMPERE METER 0A-5A
5 HEAT EXCHANGER -
6 WIRE -
7 DRIER -

8 COOLING CHAMBER -
MULTI EVAPORATER SYSTEM
13. EXPERIMENTAL DATA:

CHAMBER EVAPORATING CONDENSING REFRIGERANT

TEMP. TEMP. USED

1. -10 35 R-134a

2. -5 35 R-134a

All temp. are in degree centigrade.

From R-134a table:

c.p =0.202 kj/kg.k

h1=1283.05 kj/kg.

h2’=249.88 kl/kg.k

h2=hg2+c.p (t2-t1)

h2=777.76 kj/kg.k

h3=1471.43 kj/kg.k

h4=h5=h6=347.5 kj/kg.k

(h1−h6)+(h2−h5)
COP= ℎ3−ℎ1

(1433.05−347.5)+(777.76−347.5)
= 1471.43−1283.05

=8.05
14.CONCLUSION

Multi-evaporator refrigeration system which features independent control of the

cooling capacity at each evaporator is presented. The combined action of the
thermostatic expansion valve and back pressure valve allows the cooling capacity
at the evaporator to be controlled for testing of evaporator under various heat loads.

The result of the test conducted by change in load on evaporators shows that with
increase in load on any evaporator, power consumed by compressor increases. It is
found that comparatively total load on evaporator is more than power consumed
Hence coefficient of performance increases with increase in load.
15. REFERENCE

1,Arora C. P., “Refrigeration and air conditioning”, Tata McGraw Hill Private
Limited, 3rd Edition, 2008.

2. Matthew S. Elliott and Bryan P. Rasmussen “Model-Based Predictive Control of

a Multi-Evaporator Vapor Compression Cooling Cycle” American Control
Conference in Washington, USA, June 11-13, 2008

3 .Ozaki, Y., Takeuchi, H., and Hirata, T. Regeneration of

expansionenergybyejectorinCO2 cycle.InProceedings of the Sixth IIR Gustav
Lorentzen NaturalWorking .

4 .Li,D. and Groll,E.A. Transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle withejector–

expansiondevice.Int.J.Refrig.,2005,28(5), 766–773.

5. Deng, J., Jiang, P., Lu, T., and Lu, W. Particular characteristics of transcritical
CO2 refrigeration cycle with an ejector.ApplTherm.Eng.,2007,27(2–3),381–388.

6 .Sarkar, J.Optimization of ejector–expansion transcritical CO2

heatpumpcycle.Energy,2008,33(9),1399–1406.

7. Ksayer, E. B. and Clodic, D. CO2 ejector refrigeration cycle: design, tests and
results. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Refrigeration,
Beijing, 20.
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement, Bhubaneswar
Ref no:…………………… Date:…………………..

Certificate

Certified that project work entitled “Multi Evaporator

Refrigeration System” is a bonafide work carried out in 4th year by
Prince Kumar Tiwari bearing University Reg. No 1501287531, in
partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in
Mechanical Engineering, from Biju Patnaik University of
Technology during the academic year 2015-2019.Project Work is
guided by prof. chandrika samal.

Prof. (Dr.) Manoj Kumar Pradhan Prof. Chandrika Samal

(H.O.D., Dept. of ME) (project Guide)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement, Bhubaneswar
Ref no:…………………… Date:…………………..

Certificate

Certified that project work entitled “Multi Evaporator

Refrigeration System” is a bonafide work carried out in 4th year by
Md. Hamid Ansari bearing University Reg. No 1501287401, in
partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in
Mechanical Engineering, from Biju Patnaik University of
Technology during the academic year 2015-2019.Project Work is
guided by prof. chandrika samal.

Prof. (Dr.) Manoj Kumar Pradhan Prof. Chandrika Samal

(H.O.D., Dept. of ME) (project Guide)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement, Bhubaneswar
Ref no:…………………… Date:…………………..

Certificate

Certified that project work entitled “Multi Evaporator

Refrigeration System” is a bonafide work carried out in 4th year by
Gufran Khan bearing University Reg. No 1501287390, in partial
fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical
Engineering, from Biju Patnaik University of Technology during
the academic year 2015-2019.Project Work is guided by prof.
chandrika samal.

Prof. (Dr.) Manoj Kumar Pradhan Prof. Chandrika Samal

(H.O.D., Dept. of ME) (project Guide)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement, Bhubaneswar
Ref no:…………………… Date:…………………..

Certificate

Certified that project work entitled “Multi Evaporator

Refrigeration System” is a bonafide work carried out in 4th year by
Dipak Kumar Jala bearing University Reg. No 1501287388, in
partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in
Mechanical Engineering, from Biju Patnaik University of
Technology during the academic year 2015-2019.Project Work is
guided by prof. chandrika samal.

Prof. (Dr.) Manoj Kumar Pradhan Prof. Chandrika Samal

(H.O.D., Dept. of ME) (project Guide)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement, Bhubaneswar
Ref no:…………………… Date:…………………..

Certificate

Certified that project work entitled “Multi Evaporator

Refrigeration System” is a bonafide work carried out in 4th year by
Harsh Raj bearing University Reg. No 1501287391, in partial
fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical
Engineering, from Biju Patnaik University of Technology during
the academic year 2015-2019.Project Work is guided by prof.
chandrika samal.

Prof. (Dr.) Manoj Kumar Pradhan Prof. Chandrika Samal

(H.O.D., Dept. of ME) (project Guide)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement, Bhubaneswar
Ref no:…………………… Date:…………………..

Certificate

Certified that project work entitled “Multi Evaporator

Refrigeration System” is a bonafide work carried out in 4th year by
Devnandan Kumar Mandal bearing University Reg. No
1501287383, in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of
Technology in Mechanical Engineering, from Biju Patnaik
University of Technology during the academic year 2015-
2019.Project Work is guided by prof. chandrika samal.

Prof. (Dr.) Manoj Kumar Pradhan Prof. Chandrika Samal

(H.O.D., Dept. of ME) (project Guide)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement, Bhubaneswar
Ref no:…………………… Date:…………………..

Certificate

Certified that project work entitled “Multi Evaporator

Refrigeration System” is a bonafide work carried out in 4th year by
Nishikant Behera bearing University Reg. No 1501287407, in
partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in
Mechanical Engineering, from Biju Patnaik University of
Technology during the academic year 2015-2019.Project Work is
guided by prof. chandrika samal.

Prof. (Dr.) Manoj Kumar Pradhan Prof. Chandrika Samal

(H.O.D., Dept. of ME) (project Guide)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement, Bhubaneswar
Ref no:…………………… Date:…………………..

Certificate

Certified that project work entitled “Multi Evaporator

Refrigeration System” is a bonafide work carried out in 4th year by
Lalatendu Sahoo bearing University Reg. No 1501287397, in
partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Technology in
Mechanical Engineering, from Biju Patnaik University of
Technology during the academic year 2015-2019.Project Work is
guided by prof. chandrika samal.

Prof. (Dr.) Manoj Kumar Pradhan Prof. Chandrika Samal

(H.O.D., Dept. of ME) (project Guide)