Advanced Manual

conductor positions, as shown in Fig. 5.29. The number of conductors is user selectable.
ATPDraw set the grounding automatically or gives warnings if the grounding conditions do not
match the fixed number of phases. You can Delete last row of the table using the gray buttons
below or add a new one by clicking on the Add row command. Rows inside the table can also be
deleted, but it must first be dragged down as last row. To drag a row click on its # identifier in the
first column, hold the button down and drag the selected row to a new location or use the Ï and
Ð arrows at right.

Fig. 5.29 - Line Data dialog box of a 3-phase line. 4 conductors/phase + 2 ground wires.
Ph.no.:phase number. 0=ground wire (eliminated by matrix reduction).
Rin: Inner radius of the conductor. Only available if Skin effect check box
is selected on the Model page (see in
Fig. 5.24). If unselected, the Rin column is removed and a React column
appears, where the user specifies the AC reactance of the line in
ohm/unit length.
Rout: Outer radius (cm or inch) of the conductor.
RESIS: Conductor resistance (ohm/unit length) at DC (with Skin effect checked)
or AC resistance at Freq. init (if no Skin effect selected).
Horiz: Horizontal distance (m or foot) from the centre of bundle to a user
selectable reference line.
Vtower:vertical bundle height at tower (m or foot).
Vmid: vertical bundle height at mid-span (m or foot). The average conductor
height calculated from the eq. h= 2/3*Vmid + 1/3*Vtower is used in the
calculations.
If System type / Auto bundling is checked on the Model page (
Fig. 5.24):
Separ: Distance between conductors in a bundle (cm or inch)
Alpha: Angular position of one of the conductors in a bundle, measured
counter-clockwise from the horizontal line.
NB: Number of conductors in a bundle.

5.3.2 Model and Data page settings for Single Core Cable systems
Support of CABLE CONSTANTS and CABLE PARAMETERS has been added to the LCC module of
ATPDraw recently and the user can select between the two supporting programs by a single
button switch. This enables a more flexible grounding scheme, support of Semlyen cable model
instead of Noda and the cascade PI section. On the other hand in CABLE CONSTANTS enabled state
ATPDraw does not support additional shunt capacitance and conductance input and Noda model
selection. The CABLE CONSTANTS and CABLE PARAMETERS support in ATPDraw does not extend
to the special overhead line part and the multi-layer ground model. For Class-A type cable

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systems which consists of single-core (SC) coaxial cables without enclosing conducting pipe the
System type settings are as follows. Specify the number of phases in the #Ph combo box.
Cables in: Select if the cables are in the air, on
the earth surface or in ground.
Number of cables: Specify the number of cables in
the system.
Cable constants: Selects between Cable Constants
and Cable Parameters option. If checked, the
additional conductance and capacitance option will
be switched off and the Ground options on the Cable
Data page will be activated. The Semlyen model is
supported only with Cable Constants and the Noda
model only with Cable Parameters.

Fig. 5.30 - System type options for SC cables.

Matrix output: Check this button to enable printout of impedance and
admittance matrix data (R, ωL and ωC).
Snaking: If checked the cables are assumed to be transposed.
Add G: Check this button to allow conductance between conductors.
Not supported for Cable Constants.
Add C: Check this button to allow additional capacitance between conductors.
Not supported for Cable Constants.

5.3.2.1 Model Type settings for SC cables

Bergeron, JMarti, Noda and Semlyen: The Model/Type and Data settings for these SC cable
models are identical with that of the overhead transmission lines as described in section 5.3.1.1.
Users are warned however, that the frequency dependent models may produce unrealistic results,
due to neglecting the frequency dependency of the transformation matrix, which is acceptable in
overhead line modeling but not for cables.
Cascade PI model:
If the Cable Constants option is selected under the System
type field, the PI model supports additional input
parameters to produce cascade PI-equivalents. The
cascade PI model is described in the ATP Rule Book [3].
The Homogenous type can be used with all grounding
schemes.
Fig. 5.31 - SC cable data for cascade PI output.

5.3.2.2 Cable Data page settings for SC cables

The data page contains input fields where the user can specify the geometrical or material data for
cables. The user can turn on sheath/armour by a single button and allowed to copy information
between the cables. The cable number is selected in the top combo box with a maximum number
specified in Number of cables in the Model page.

For CABLE PARAMETERS (Cable Constants unselected) the Ground options are inactive and
number of grounded conductors is calculated internally in ATPDraw based on the total number of
conductors in the system and the number of initially selected phases. For CABLE CONSTANTS
(Cable Constants check box is On) the user must specify which conductor is grounded by
checking the appropriate Ground buttons. A warning will appear if a mismatch between the
number of phases and the number of ungrounded conductors is found. Grounded conductors are

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drawn by gray color under View. Selecting View|Numbering will show the phase number in red
color (0=grounded). The cables will be sorted internally according to the sequence rule of ATP;
the cable with most conductors comes first. To avoid confusion and mismatch between expected
phase number and conductors the user should try to follow this rule also in the Cable/Data dialog.
The Nodes page allows the user to rearrange the phase sequence.

Fig. 5.32 - Cable Data dialog box for a 3-phase SC type cable system.
For each of the conductors Core, Sheath and Armor the user can specify the following data:
Rin: Inner radius of conductor [m].
Rout: Outer radius of conductor [m].
Rho: Resistivity of the conductor material.
mu: Relative permeability of the conductor material.
mu(ins): Relative permeability of the insulating material outside the
conductor.
eps(ins):Relative permittivity of the insulating material outside the
conductor.
Total radius: Total radius of the cable (outer insulator) [m].
Sheath/Armour On: Turn on optional Sheath and Armour conductors.
Position: Vertical and horizontal positions relative to ground surface and to
a user selectable reference line for single core cables.

5.3.3 Model and Data page settings for Enclosing Pipe type cables
This selection specifies a cable system consisting of single-core (SC) coaxial cables, enclosed by
a conducting pipe (referred as Class-B type in the ATP Rule Book [3]). The cable system might
be located underground or in the air. The System type settings are identical with that of the Class-
A type cables (see in sub-section 5.3.2). When the button Cable Constants is checked the shunt
conductance and capacitance options are disabled and a new check box Ground controls the
grounding condition of the pipe. Transposition of the cables within the pipe is available via the

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Snaking button. Cascade PI options can be specified similarly to SC cables (see Fig. 5.31). For
cables with enclosing pipe, the following Pipe data are required:

Fig. 5.33 - System type and Pipe data settings for an Enclosing Pipe cable.
Depth: Positive distance in meter between pipe center and ground surface.
Rin: Inner radius of the pipe in meter.
Rout: Outer radius of the pipe in meter.
Rins: Outer radius of outer insulation (total radius) in meter.
Rho: Resistivity of the pipe conductor.
Mu: Relative permeability of the pipe conductor.
Eps(in): Rel. permittivity of the inner insulation (between cables and pipe).
Eps(out): Rel. permittivity of the outer insulation (around pipe).
G and C: Additional shunt conductance and shunt capacitance between the pipe
and the cables.
Infinite thickness: Infinit thick pipe. ISYST=0 and (uniform grounding).

The cable Data page input fields for Enclosing Pipe type cable systems are identical with that of
the SC cables (see sub-section 5.3.2.2). The only difference is the meaning of Position:
Position: Relative position to pipe center in polar coordinates
(distance and angle).

5.3.4 Node page settings

The Node page was introduced in ATPDraw version 5.3. Normally, the user does not need to
specify anything on this page. It gives, however, access to the node names of the LCC component
and offers the user to assign conductor numbers to the nodes. Conductor numbering can be
desirable for cables since ATP requires a special sequence in this case; first comes the cores, then
the sheaths then the armors. The cables with most conductors must be numbered internally in
ATP as the first cable. To avoid too much confusion the user should also try to follow this rule.
For overhead line the user specifies the conductor number directly in the data grid and there
should be no need to alter this.

A cable system consisting of 3 single core cables with sheaths and a fourth ground wire will as
default receive an "unexpected" phase sequence. The core of the three cables will be numbered 1-
2-3, then the ground wire will be numbered 4, and finally the three sheaths will be numbered 5-6-
7. This does not fit well with the 3-phase layout used for this 7-phase system. The core of the
cabes will all be a part of IN1/OUT1-ABC, but then the ground wire will become IN2A/OUT2A,
the cable sheaths 1 and 2 will be IN2B/OUT2B and IN2C/OUT2C and the third cable sheats will
be connected to the single phase nodes IN3/OUT3. To let the ground wire be connected to the
single phase node the conductor sequence 1-2-3-5-6-7-4 can be assign in the grid.

The View module has a Number feature that displays the conductor numbers.

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