AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROJECT-I

SUBMITTED BY
NARMATHA (712216101017)
NISHANTH (712216101019)
RAJA DURAI (712216101020)
SANJAY (712216101022)

Batch No: 04
Ex.No: 01
Date: 09-01-2019

COMPARATIVE CONFIGURATION STUDY OF DIFFERENT

TYPES OF AIRCRAFTS.

BOMBER AIRCRAFT:
A bomber is a combat aircraft designed to attack ground and naval targets by dropping air
to ground weapon and bullets, or deploying air launched cruise missiles.
SURVEILLANCE AIRCRAFT:
A surveillance aircraft is an aircraft used for surveillance-collecting information over time.
They are operated by military forces and other government agencies in roles such as
intelligence gathering, battlefield surveillance, airspace surveillance, border patrol. It does
not necessarily require high performance capability.
FIGHTER AIRCRAFT:
It is a military aircraft designed primarily for air to ait combat against other aircraft, as
opposed to bombers and attack aircraft, whose main mission is to attack ground targets. It’s
main purpose is to establish air superiority over a battlefield.
BUSINESS JET:
A Business jet or biz jet is a jet aircraft designed for transporting small groups of people. It
may be adapted for other roles, such as express parcel deliveries and some are used by
public bodies, armed forces.
TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT:
It is usually large and most often operated by airliners, intended for carrying multiple
passengers or cargo in commercial service.
AMPHIBIAN:
An amphibian is an aircraft that can take off and land on both land and water. Fixed wing
amphibious aircraft are seaplanes that are equipped with retractable wheels, at the expense
of extra weight and complexity, fuel economy compared to planes designed for land or
water only.
UTILITY AIRCRAFT:
A utility aircraft is a general purpose light aircraft usually used for transporting people but
also for other duties when more specialized aircraft are not required or available.

LIGHT PLANE:
A light aircraft is an aircraft that has a maximum gross take off weight of 122,500 lb or less.
Many light aircraft are used commercially for passenger and freight transport.
ULTRALIGHT:
It is also called as micro light aviation. It is the flying of lightweight, 1-or 2-seat fixed wing
aircraft. It differentiate between weight-shift control and conventional 3-axis control aircraft
with ailerons, elevator and rudder calling the former “microlight”.
ROTARY WING:
It is a heavier than air flying machine that uses lift generated by wings called rotary wings or
rotor blades,that revolve around a mast. Several rotor blades mounted on a single mast are
referred to as a rotor.
LIGHTER THAN AIR:
Lighter than air refers to materials that are buoyant in air because they have average
densities lower than air. Dry air has a density of about 1.29g/L at standard conditions for
temperature and pressure.
AIRLINER:
An airliner is a type of aircraft for transporting passengers and air cargo. Such aircraft are
most often operated by airlines. It is defined as an aircraft intended for carrying multiple
passengers or cargo in commercial service. The largest airliners are wide-body jets.
UTILITY KITBUILT:
Aircraft was developed as an “off-airport” short take off and landing kit aircraft to fulfil the
demanding requirements of both sport pilot and first- time builders.

References
1. Edited by paul Jackson “All the world’s aircraft”
2. Crane ,dale: “Dictionary of aeronautical terms”
EX.NO: 02
DATE: 28-01-2019

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SPECIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE

DETAILS OF AIRCRFT.

1) AVRO LINCOLN

INTRODUCTION
Avro Lincoln is a British four engine heavy bomber, which first flew the Avro
Lancaster, the first Lincoln variant were initially known as the Lancaster 1V and V
were renamed Lincoln I and II.it was the last piston engine bomber operator by royal
fired force(RAF).

GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC
1. CREW :7
2. LENGTH : 23.86 m
3. HEIGHT : 5.27m
4. WING AREA : 132.01m2
5. WING SPAN : 36.58m
6. ASPECT RATIO :
WEIGHT CONFIGURATION
1. EMPTY WEIGHT : 19,686kg
2. TAKE OFF WEIGHT : 37,195kg
3. LOADED WEIGHT : 34,020kg
4. THRUST TO WEIGHT RATIO :
PERFORMANCE
1. MAXIMUM SPEED : 513 km/h
2. MAXIMUM ALTITUDE : 30,500 ft
3. RANGE : 4,714km
4. RATE OF CLIMB : 245 m/min
5. WING LOADING :
ENGINE CONFIGURATION
1. NO.OF ENGINE : 4
 2. ENGINE TYPE : Piston engine
3. DRY THRUST :
4. NET THRUST :

2) AVRO MANCHESTER
INTRODUCTIOM
The Avro 679 Manchester was a British twin-engine medium bomber developed
and manufactured by the Avro aircraft company in the united kingdom. While not being
built a large number, it was the forerunner of the famed and vastly more successful four
engine AVRO LANCHESTER ,which would become one of the most capable strategic bomber
of the second world war.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC

1. CREW :7
2. LENGTH : 21.34m
3. HEIGHT : 5.94m
4. WING AREA : 105.5m2
5. WING SPAN : 27.46m
6. ASPECT RATIO :
WEIGHT CONFIGURATION
1. EMPTY WEIGHT : 14,152kg
2. TAFE OFF WEIGHT : 22,680kg
3. LOADED WEIGHT :
4. THRUST TO WEIGHT RATIO :
PERFORMANCE
1. MAXIMUM SPEED : 426m/hr
2. MAXIMUM ALTITUDE : 19,200ft
3. RANGE : 1930km
4. RATE OF CLIMB :
5. WING LOADING :
ENGINE CONFIGURATION
1. NO.OF ENGINE : 2
2. ENGINE TYPE : x-type
3. DRY THRUST :
4. NET THRUST :
3) BOEING XB-15

INTRODUCTION
The Boeing XB-15(Boeing 294) was united states aircraft designed in 1934 as a
test for the united states army air corps(USAAC) to see if it would be possible to built
a heavy bomber with a 5,000mi(8,000km) range. For a beginning in mid-1935 it was
designed the XBLR-1.when it first flew in 1937,it was the most massive and
voluminous aircraft ever built in US.it set a number of load-to-altitude record for
land-based aircraft including carrying a 31,205lb(14,154kg) payload to 8,200ft.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC
1. CREW : 10
2. LENGTH : 26.70m
3. HEIGHT : 5.51m
4. WING AREA : 258.4m2
5. WING SPAN : 45.43m
6. ASPECT RATIO :
WEIGHT CONFIGURATION
1. EMPTY WEIGHT :17,141kg
2. TAKE OFF WEIGHT :32.193kg
3. LOADED WEIGHT :
4. THRUST TO WEIGHT RATIO :
PERFORMANCE
1. MAXIMUM SPEED : 317km/hr
2. MAXIMUM ALTITUDE : 18,900ft
3. RANGE : 8,259km
4. RATE OF CLIMB :
5. WING LOADING :
ENGINE CONFIGURATION
1. NO.OF ENGINE :4
2. ENGINE TYPE : Radial engine
3. DRY THRUST :
4. NET THRUST :
4) BOEING XB-38 FLYING FORTRESS

INTRODUCTION
The XB-38 flying fortress was a single example conversion of a production B-17E
flying fortress, testing whethere the Allision V 1710 type of engine could be
substituted for the standard wright R-1820 radial engine during early world war II.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC
1. CREW : 10
2. LENGTH : 22.56m
3. HEIGHT : 5.84m
4. WING AREA : 131.9m2
5. WING SPAN : 31.67m
6. ASPECT RATIO :

WEIGHT CONFIGURATION
1. EMPTY WEIGHT : 15,762kg
2. TAKE OFF WEIGHT : 29,030kg
3. LOADED WEIGHT : 25,401kg
4. THRUST TO WEIGHT RATIO :

PERFORMANCE
1. MAXIMUM SPEED : 526km/hr
2. MAXIMUM ALTITUDE : 29,600ft
3. RANGE : 5,310km
4. RATE OF CLIMB :
5. WING LOADING :
ENGINE CONFIGURATION
1. NO.OF ENGINE :4
2. ENGINE TYPE : Turbo super charge v-12 engine
3. DRY THRUST :
4. NET THRUST :
5) BOEING XB-39(SUPER FORTRESS)

INTRODUCTION
The Boeing XB-39 super fortress was a united states prototype bomber aircraft, a
single example of the B-29 super fortress converted to fly with alternative power
plant. It was intended to demonstrate that the B-29 could still be put into service
even if the first choice of engine ran into development or production difficulties.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC
1. CREW : 10
2. LENGTH : 30.18m
3. HEIGHT : 8.46m
4. WING AREA : 161.3m2
5. WING SPAN : 43.05m
6. ASPECT RATIO :
WEIGHT CONFIGURATION
1. EMPTY WEIGHT : 33,800kg
2. TAJE OFF WEIGHT : 60,560kg
3. LOADED WEIGHT : 54,000kg
4. THRUST TO WEIGHT RATIO :
PERFORMANCE
1. MAXIMUM SPEED : 648km/hr
2. MAXIMUM ALTITUDE : 35,000ft
3. RANGE : 10,060km
4. RATE OF CLIMB :
5. WING LOADING : 337.5kg/m2
ENGINE CONFIGURATION
1. NO.OF ENGINE : 4
2. ENGINE TYPE : Liquid colled W-24engines
3. DRY THRUST :
4. NET THRUST :
EX.NO: 03
DATE: 30-01-2019

PREPARATION OF COMPARATIVE DATA SHEETS.

Aircraft AVRO AVRO BOEING BOEING BOEING

Name LINCOLN MANCHESTER XB-15 XB-38 XB-39
(SUPER
FORTRESS)
CREW 7 7 10 10 10
LENGTH 23.86m 21.34m 26.70m 22.56m 30.18m
HEIGHT 5.27m 5.94m 5.51m 5.84m 8.46m
WING AREA 132.01m2 105.5m2 258.4m2 131.9m2 161.3m2
WING SPAN 36.58m 27.46m 45.43m 31.67m 43.05m
ASPECT RATIO 10.136 6.90 7.98 7.60 11.48

EMPTY WEIGHT 19,686kg 14,152kg 17,141kg 15,762kg 33,800kg

TAKE OFF 37,195kg 22,680kg 33,193kg 29,030kg 60,560kg

WEIGHT
LOADED 34,020kg 19,583kg 30,437kg 25,401kg 54,000kg
WEIGHT
THRUST TO - - - - -
WEIGHT RATIO
MAXIMUM 513km/hr 426km/hr 317km/hr 526km/hr 648km/hr
SPEED
MAXIMUM 30,500ft 19,200ft 18,900ft 29,600ft 35,000ft
ALTITUDE
RANGE 4,714km 1,930km 8,259km 5,310km 10,060km
RATE OF CLIMB 245m/min - - - -
WING LOADING - - - - 337.5kg/m2
NO.OF.ENGINE 4 2 4 4 4
Piston engine x-type Radial engine Turbo super Liquid colled
ENGINE TYPE charge liquid W-24 (double-
colled V-12 vee)engine
engine
DRY THRUST - - - - -

NET THRUST - - - - -
Ex.No: 04
Date : 13-02-2019

WORK SHEET LAYOUT PROCEDURES

Aim:
To known the work sheet layout procedure for drawing three view diagram of aircraft
Procedure:
EX.NO: 05
DATE : 13-02-2019

COMPARATIVE GRAPH PREPARATION AND SELECTION OF

MAIN PARAMETERS FOR THE DESIGN

To prepare a comparative graph for selecting the main parameters of the airplane
1. Altitude vs velocity
2. Range vs velocity
3. Total weight vs velocity
4. Aspect ratio vs velocity

Altitude vs Velocity

Aircraft AVRO AVRO BOEING BOEING BOEING

Name LINCOLN MANCHESTER XB-15 XB-38 XB-39
(SUPER
FORTRESS)
MAXIMUM 30,500ft 19,200ft 18,900ft 29,600ft 35,000ft
ALTITUDE
MAXIMUM 513km/hr 426km/hr 317km/hr 526km/hr 648km/hr
SPEED

velocity vs altitude
14

12

10
Altitude

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
velocity
RANGE vs VELOCITY:

Aircraft AVRO AVRO BOEING BOEING BOEING

Name LINCOLN MANCHESTER XB-15 XB-38 XB-39
(SUPER
FORTRESS)

RANGE 4,714km 1,930km 8,259km 5,310km 10,060km

MAXIMUM 513km/hr 426km/hr 317km/hr 526km/hr 648km/hr

SPEED

velocity vs range
14

12

10

8
Range

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Velocity
Total weight vs Velocity:

Aircraft AVRO AVRO BOEING BOEING BOEING

Name LINCOLN MANCHESTER XB-15 XB-38 XB-39
(SUPER
FORTRESS)

TAKE OFF 37,195kg 22,680kg 33,193kg 29,030kg 60,560kg

WEIGHT

MAXIMUM 513km/hr 426km/hr 317km/hr 526km/hr 648km/hr

SPEED

Velocity vs Weight
14

12

10
Weight

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
velocity
Aspect ratio vs Velocity:

Aircraft AVRO AVRO BOEING BOEING BOEING

Name LINCOLN MANCHESTER XB-15 XB-38 XB-39
(SUPER
FORTRESS)
ASPECT RATIO 10.136 6.90 7.98 7.60 11.48

MAXIMUM 513km/hr 426km/hr 317km/hr 526km/hr 648km/hr

SPEED

Velocity vs Aspect ratio

14

12

10
Aspect ratio

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
velocity

SELECTION OF MAIN PARAMETERS:

S.NO. Main parameters Optimum value

1 Altitude 26,640ft

2 Range 6054.6km

3 Total weight 36531.06kg

4 Aspect ratio 8.819

5 velocity 486km/hr