RRB JE CBT-2 Classes

(ELECTRONICS/EM/EE)
Railway JE ,DRDO CEPTAM,BSNL JE ,SSC, DMRC,LMRC,….

Basic Electronics-1
Atom Structure, Nucleus, Charge, Electrons,
Electricity Production in India..

2
2- Atom (परमाण)ु …
 An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties
of a chemical element.
 Can participate in chemical reaction.
 Can not live in free state.
 It consist of Fundamental Particle(मौलऱक कण) i.e. Electron ,proto & Neutron.

 The atoms are the building bricks of all matter.

 It has a hard central core known as Nucleus.(नाभिक}

 Outer Part of atom called as Extra Nucleus .

Nucleaus (नाभिक)
 It is central part of an atom.
 Contains protons and neutrons.

 A proton (p) is a positively charged particle.

 Neutron (N) has no charge i.e. it is neutral.

 Neutron has the same mass as the proton.

 The sum of protons and neutrons constitutes the entire weight of an atom and is
called atomic weight.
 Extra nucleus(अतिररक्ि नाभिक)
• It is the outer part of an atom and contains electrons only.
• An electron is a negatively charged particle having negligible mass

• The charge on an electron is equal but opposite to that on a proton.

i.e _

 The number of electrons or protns in an atom is called atomic

number i.e.
Electrons In Orbits
 Free Electrons(मक्
ु ि इलेक्रॉन्स)
 The valence electrons which are very loosely attached to the nucleus are known as
free electrons.
 The free electrons can be easily removed or detached by applying a small amount
of external energy.

 ऩरमाणु (Atom) के केन्द्रक के चारों ओर चक्कर ऱगाने वाऱे इऱेक्रॉन्द्स में से कुछ इऱेक्रॉन्द्स को
आसानी से अऱग ककया जा सकता है । अऱग ककये गए इऱेक्रॉन्द्स को ही मुक्त इऱेक्रॉन्द्स कहते
है । इन्द्ही मुक्त इऱेक्रॉन्द्स के कारण ही तार में ववधुत धारा (Current) बहती है ।
3- Fundamental Particle : Electron, Protan & Neutron
 4- Charge (आवेश)-q
 Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a
force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
(इऱेक्ट्क्रक चाजज उस ऩदाथज की भौततक संऩक्ट्तत है क्ट्जसके कारण एक ववद्युत चुम्बकीय
ऺेत्र में ऱगाए जाने के कारण उसे एक बऱ का अनुभव हो सकता है ।)
Unit= Coulomb
 There are two types of electric charges; (1)positive and negative (commonly carried
by protons and electrons respectively).
 Like charges repel and unlike attract.
 Total Charge of a conductor..

q=n . e
Where n= total number of electron
e= charge of an electron= -1.6 x 10-19 C
 4- Electricity Production Methods
1- Electricity Due to Friction-(घषषण के कारण बिजली) – Due to friction of two material
electrons come out from one material to join with the other materail .
• The material which loose electron get positive charge(+ve).

• And the material attracted the electron gets negative charge(-ve).

• This type of electricity is called Static electricity.

Example- Glass ,Rubber, Wax,silk ,Rryon,nylon..etc.

2-Electricity Due to Light- Photo sensitive material like Na,K, Li, Ciesium
Emitted electrons when light falls on their surface .
Example- Photocell, Solar Cell..etc
 3- Electricity Due to Pressure—
The pressure is applied on atom ,then electrons of outer most orbit comes out and
produce electricity. As Piezo Electric Effect. Electricity is called “Piezo Electricity”.

4- Elecricity due to Heat- When ends of two metal rods joined together and is heated
and opposite part are connected to Galvanometer and Electricity is known as deflection of
pointer.
Example- Thermo Coupling method.

5-Electricity Due to Chemical Action- Cell and Batteries

6- Electricity Due to Magnetism – Generator, Wind-Mill powe Plant.

 5- Power Plants in India
There are seven types of power plant in our country to produce elecricity.-
 ---Important Question—
I. Almost the entire mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
(ऱगभग एक ऩरमाणु के ऩरू े रव्यमान नालभक में केंद्ररत है )

2.- Electron was discovered by Thomson.(इऱेक्रॉन थॉमसन द्वारा खोजा गया था)

3-The Mass of the atom is determined by neutron and proton.

(ऩरमाणु का रव्यमान न्द्यर
ू ॉन और प्रोटॉन द्वारा तनधाजररत होता है ।)

4-The absolute charge of an electron is - 1.6 x 10-19C

(एक इऱेक्रॉन का ऩण ू ज आवेश है - 1.6 x 10-19 C)

5- The proton is heavier than an electron by - 1840 times.

(प्रोटॉन , इऱेक्रॉन की तुऱना में भारी है ।- 1840 गन
ु ा )
 ---Important Question—
6- The volume of the nucleus of an atom when compared to the extra nuclear part is
Smaller.(अततररक्त ऩरमाणु द्रहस्से की तुऱना में ऩरमाणु के नालभक का आकार छोटा
है ।)
7- Mass number is equal to the- number of protons + number of neutron.
(मास संख्या बराबर है -- प्रोटॉन की संख्या + न्द्यूरॉन की संख्या के)

8- Unit of Charge is- Coulomb. (चाजज की यूतनट क्या है – कूऱाम्ब)

9- Chadwick got the Nobel Prize for the discovery of –Neutron.

10- In India most major part of electricity produce by Coal Gas in Thermal power plant.
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 Next Topic-
Basic and Important Terms –

Charge,Voltage,Current,Potential,Coulomb law,Electric Field,

Electric Conductace ,Resistivity…etc
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