Engineering Drawing

Repot on Engineering Drawing and Industrial

Revolution

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr. Deepak Jha Vivek Kumar
Lecturer RB5004B45
Reg.No:11007265
 Index
Abstract
Introduction
Types of Engineering Drawing
Applications
Industrial Revolution
Future Scope
Conclusion
References
Abstract One such standardized convention is
called GD&T.
Fast and robust localization of image
Each field in the Fields of engineering will
regions that are likely to come from a
have its own set of requirements for the
query object is a critical operation needed
producing drawings in terms line weight,
in several image database applications. In
symbols, and technical jargon. Some
this term paper, we address this problem
fields of engineering have no GD&T
in the context of locating indexing
requirements.
structures in engineering drawing
databases. Specifically, we present a The purpose of such a drawing is to

general 2d pattern localization technique accurately and unambiguously capture all

called location hashing and apply it to the the geometric features of a product or a

problem of localizing title block structures component. The end goal of an

in engineering drawings. Location hashing engineering drawing is to convey all the

is a variation of geometric hashing that required information that will allow a

directly identifies locations in images of a manufacturer to produce that component.

database that are likely to contain a query Engineering drawings used to be created
object, possibly depicted under different by hand using tools such as pencils,
imaging conditions. We also describe an ink, straightedges, T-squares, French
engineering drawing indexing system that curves, triangles, rulers, scales, and
combines title block localization with test erasers. Today they are usually done
recognition to enable automatic index electronically with computer-aided
creation of engineering drawing design (CAD).
databases.
The process of producing engineering

Introduction drawings, and the skill of producing them,

is often referred to as technical drawing or
An engineering drawing, a type drafting, although technical drawings are
of technical drawing, is created within the also required for disciplines that would not
technical drawing discipline, and used to ordinarily be thought of as parts of
fully and clearly define requirements engineering.
for engineered items.
Types of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawings are usually created
in accordance with standardized Architectural Drawing
conventions for layout, nomenclature,
interpretation, appearance (such An architectural drawing or architect's

as typefaces and line styles), size, etc. drawing is a technical drawing of a

building that falls within the definition
of architecture. Architectural drawings are
used by architects and others for a
number of purposes: to develop a design
idea into a coherent proposal, to
communicate ideas and concepts, to
convince clients of the merits of a design,
to enable a building contractor to construct
it, as a record of the completed work, and
to make a record of a building that already
exists.
The Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, by
Architectural drawings are drawn Adolf Leonard van Gendt, illustration
according to a set of conventions, which published 1888.
include particular views (floor plan, section
etc.), sheet sizes, units of measurement
and scales, annotation and cross Technical Drawing
referencing. Conventionally, drawings Technical drawing, also known as drafting,
were made in ink on paper or a similar is the academic discipline of
material, and any copies required had to creating standardized technical drawings b
be laboriously made by hand. The y architects, interior
twentieth century saw a shift to drawing on designers, drafters, design engineers, and
tracing paper, so that mechanical copies related professionals. Standards and
could be run off efficiently. conventions for layout, line thickness, text

The development of the computer had a size, symbols, view projections,

major impact on the methods used to descriptive geometry, dimensioning, and

design and create technical drawings, notation are used to create drawings that

making manual draughting almost are ideally interpreted in only one way.

obsolete, and opening up new possibilities A person who does drafting is known as
of form using organic shapes and complex a drafter. In some areas this person may
geometry. Today the vast majority of be referred to as a drafting technician,
drawings are created using CAD software. draftsperson, or draughtsman. This person
creates technical drawings which are a
form of specialized graphic
communication. A technical drawing
differs from a common drawing by how it
is interpreted. A common drawing can
hold many purposes and meanings, while
a technical drawing is intended to
concisely and clearly communicate all Deep Drawing
needed specifications to transform
Deep drawing is a sheet
an idea into physical form.
metal forming process in which a sheet
metal blank is radially drawn into a forming
die by the mechanical action of a punch. It
is thus a shape transformation process
with material retention. The process is
considered "deep" drawing when the
depth of the drawn part exceeds its
diameter. This is achieved by redrawing
Patent Drawing the part through a series of dies. The
A patent application or patent may flange region (sheet metal in the die
contain drawings, also called patent shoulder area) experiences a radial
drawings, illustrating the invention, some drawing stress and a tangential
of its embodiments(which are particular compressive stress due to the material
implementations or methods of carrying retention property. These compressive
out the invention), or the prior art. The stresses (hoop stresses) result in flange
drawings may be required by the law to be wrinkles (wrinkles of the first order).
in a particular form, and the requirements Wrinkles can be prevented by using a
may vary depending on the jurisdiction. blank holder, the function of which is to
facilitate controlled material flow into the
die radius.

Example of deep drawn part.

1868
patent drawing for the Sholes, Glidden,
and Soule typewriter.
Arrangement Drawing Assembly Drawing

Arrangement drawings represent self- The assembly /sub-assembly drawings

contained units used to make up the are drawings of discrete sub-systems
system drawn on the general arrangement showing in some detail how the
drawing. Examples of arrangement component items fit together. Typical
drawings include drawings of assembled assembly drawings include gearbox
conveyers, drive systems, elevating units drawings, roller drawings, guard system
etc. The drawing should show in, at least drawings.
three orthographic views, clear details to
show all of the components used to make The assembly drawing will generally
up the equipment items and how the include at least three orthographic views
component parts are located and fastened with sections as needed to clearly show all
together. of the details and their relative positions.
Overall and detail dimensions will be
Arrangement drawings include a table shown. The weight/mass of the
(parts list) identifying assemblies, assembly/sub-assembly will be
fabrication drawings, detail drawings and noted. The drawing will include a parts list
proprietary items used to make up the identifying all of the component details
equipment. Arrangement drawings with quantities and materials and supply
include overall dimension, the details. The assembly drawing will
weight/mass of the equipment drawn, the include a list of reference drawings and
lifting points. All information needed to notes identifying the relevant codes and
construct, test, lift, transport, and install specifications and testing requirements.
the equipment should be provided in notes
or as referenced documents. The drawn separate items will be identified
with leader lines to balloons which include
The arrangement drawing may be a the item reference number linking to the
standard internal drawing which is parts list.
repeatedly called up on different system
general arrangement drawings. Detail Drawing

All individual items required to produce

The drawn separate assemblies and parts
mechanical equipment need to be
will be identified with leader lines to
described in some detail to ensure that
balloons which include the item reference
they are manufactured in accordance with
number linking to the parts list.
the designers requirements. Proprietary
items are selected from technical data
sheets obtained from manufacturer
/supplier. Items manufactured
specifically for the application need to be
made to detail drawings which include the
geometry, material, heat treatment
requirements, surface texture, size Engineering drawing of a Machine tool
tolerances, geometric tolerances etc. part.

Engineering
The detail drawing should include all of the
necessary information to enable Engineering can be a very broad term. It
stems from the Latin ingenerare, meaning
procurement, manufacture and should
"to create". Because this could apply to
identify all of the relevant codes and
everything that humans create, it is given
standards. The item weight/mass should
a narrower definition in the context of
also be included for reference.
technical drawing. Engineering drawings
generally deal with mechanical engineered
Depending on the level of detail, a detail
items, such as manufactured parts and
drawing can comprise one drawing on a
equipment.
sheet or a number of separate drawings
Engineering drawings are usually created
on one sheet. It is sometimes possible to
in accordance with standardized
combine the detail drawings onto the
conventions for layout, nomenclature,
assembly drawing. The detail drawing
interpretation, appearance (such
must cross reference, both ways,to the
as typefaces and line styles), size, etc.
parent assembly or arrangement drawing.
Its purpose is to accurately and
unambiguously capture all the geometric
Applications
features of a product or a component. The
end goal of an engineering drawing is to
Architecture
convey all the required information that will
The art and design that goes into making allow a manufacturer to produce that
buildings is known as architecture. To component.
communicate all aspects of the design,
detailed drawings are used. In this field,
the term plan is often used when referring
to the full section view of these
drawings. Architectural drawings describe
and document an architect's design.
The applicant for a patent will be required form of electronic files for print or
by law to furnish a drawing of machining operations. The development of
the invention whenever the nature of the CADD-based software is in direct
case requires a drawing to understand the correlation with the processes it seeks to
invention. This drawing must be filed with economize; industry-based software
the application. This includes practically all (construction, manufacturing, etc.)
inventions except compositions of matter typically uses vector-based (linear)
orprocesses, but a drawing may also be environments whereas graphic-based
useful in the case of many processes. software utilizes raster-based (pixelated)
environments.
The drawing must show every feature of
the invention specified in the claims, and CADD environments often involve more
is required by the patent office rules to be than just shapes. As in the
in a particular form. The Office specifies manual drafting of technical and engineeri
the size of the sheet on which the drawing ng drawings, the output of CAD must
is made, the type of paper, the margins, convey information, such as materials,
and other details relating to the making of processes, dimensions, and tolerances,
the drawing. The reason for specifying the according to application-specific
standards in detail is that the drawings are conventions.
printed and published in a uniform style
CAD may be used to design curves and
when the patent issues, and the drawings
figures in two-dimensional (2D) space; or
must also be such that they can be readily
curves, surfaces, and solids in three-
understood by persons using the patent
dimensional (3D) objects.
descriptions.
CAD is an important industrial
Future Scope art extensively used in many applications,
Computer-aided design including automotive, shipbuilding, and
Computer-aided design (CAD), also aerospace industries, industrial and
known as computer-aided drafting and architectural design, prosthetics, and
design (CADD), is the use many more. CAD is also widely used to
of computer technology for the process of produce computer animation for special
design and design-documentation. effects in movies, advertising and
Computer Aided Drafting describes the technical manuals. The modern ubiquity
process of drafting with a computer. and power of computers means that even
CADD software, or environments, provide perfume bottles and shampoo dispensers
the user with input-tools for the purpose of are designed using techniques unheard of
streamlining design processes; drafting, by engineers of the 1960s. Because of its
documentation, and manufacturing enormous economic importance, CAD has
processes. CADD output is often in the been a major driving force for research
in computational geometry, computer computer-aided designs of intended
graphics (both hardware and software), buildings are superimposed into
and discrete differential geometry. photographs of existing environments to
represent what that locale will be like were
The design of geometric models for object
the proposed facilities allowed to be built.
shapes, in particular, is often
Potential blockage of view corridors and
called computer-aided geometric
shadow studies are also frequently
design (CAGD).
analyzed through the use of CAD.
Uses
Conclusion
Computer-aided design is one of the many
After going through all the context and
tools used by engineers and designers
matter I realised that engineering drawing
and is used in many ways depending on
is the science and art as it required both
the profession of the user and the type of
technical and managerial skill to full fill the
software in question.
desired objective by their science and
CAD is one part of the whole Digital
proper use of resources in terms to get
Product Development (DPD) activity within
proper look of the objective.
the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
The purpose of such a drawing is to
process, and as such is used together
accurately and unambiguously capture all
with other tools, which are either
the geometric features of a product or a
integrated modules or stand-alone
component. Engineering drawings used to
products, such as:
be created by hand using tools such as
• Computer-aided pencils,ink, straightedges,T
engineering (CAE) and Finite squares, French curves, triangles, rulers,
element analysis (FEA) scales, and erasers. It means this gives a
• Computer-aided out line or a blue print of the objective.
manufacturing (CAM) including References
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