Formulas: Measures:

Perimeter Length

Add all the sides of the given polygon. 1 centimeter (cm) = 10 millimeters (mm)

Triangle P = s 1 + s2 + s 3 100 centimeters (cm) = 1 meter (m)

Square P = 4s 1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m)

Rectangle P = 2L + 2W or P = 2(L+W) 12 inches (in) = 1 foot (ft)

Circumference 3 feet (ft) or 36 inches = 1 yard

Circle C = 2𝜋r or 𝜋d 1760 yards or 5280 feet = 1 mile

Area Weight and Mass

Triangle A = ½ bh 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg)

Square A = s2 1000 grams = 1 kilogram (kg)

Rectangle A = LW 1000 kilograms = 1 metric ton

Parallelogram A=bh 16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound (lb)

Trapezoid A = ½ x h x (b1 + b2) 2000 pounds = 1 ton (T)

Circle A = 𝜋r2 Volume and Capacity

Surface Area 1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)

Cube S = 6s2 1 kiloliter (kL) = 1000 liters

Rectangular Prism S = 2LW + 2LH + 2WH 8 fluid ounces (fl oz) = 1 cup ( c )

Volume 2 cups = 1 pint (pt)

Cube V = s3 2 pints = 1 quart (qt)

Prism V = LWH 4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal)

Temperature Time

Fahrenheit to Celsius C = 5/9 (F-32) 1 minute (min) = 60 seconds (s)

Celsius to Fahrenheit F = 9/5 (C + 32) 1 hour (h) = 60 minutes

1 day (d) = 24 hours

1 week (wk) = 7 days

1 year (yr) = 12 months (mo) or 52 weeks or 365 days

1 leap year = 366 days

Addition Ex. 128 & 524 are divisible by 4 because 28 and 24 are
divisible by 4.
45 + 395 + 4396 + 890 = 5726
Divisibility Test for 5
-If the ones digit is 0 or 5, then the number is divisible
Addends Sum by 5. Ex. 300, 505, 2090 are divisible by 5

Divisibility Test for 6

-A number is divisible by 6 if it is an even number and
Subtraction
divisible by 3.
5283 minuend Ex. 634,128 is an even number. It is divisible by 3
because 6 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 8 = 24 and 24 is divisible by 3.
- 4997 subtrahend
286 difference Divisibility Test for 7
Steps:
1. Double the last digit.
Multiplication 2. Subtract the product in step 1 from the number
without the last digit.
1937 multiplicand
3. If the difference is a multiple of 7, then the
x 86 multiplier
number is divisible by 7.
11622
Note: If the difference is big, repeat steps 1 to 3.
15496
Ex. Is 6853 divisible by 7?
166582 product

Solution:
1. 3(2) = 6
Division
2. 685 -6 = 679
3. (Repeat 1 & 2) 9(2) = 18
54, 528 ÷ 64 = 852
4. 67-18 = 49 is divisible by 7, therefore 6853
is divisible by 7.

Dividend divisor quotient

Divisibility
Divisibility Test for 2
-A number is divisible by 2, if it is an even number.
Divisibility Test for 3
-A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of the digits of the
number is divisible by 3. Ex. 186,585 is divisible by 3
because 1 + 8 + 6 + 5 + 8 + 5 = 33, and 33 is divisible by
3.
Divisibility Test for 4
-A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by its
last 2 digits is divisible by 4.
Divisibility Test for 8
-If the last 3 digits of a number is divisible by 8, then the
number is divisible by 8. Ex. Is 4912 a multiple of 8?
The last 3 digits is 912 & 912 = (114)(8). Therefore, 912
is divisible by 8 and 4912 is divisible by 8.
Divisibility Test for 9
-A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits is a
multiple of 9. Ex. 845,721 is divisible by 9 because 8 + 4
+ 5 + 7 + 2 + 1 = 27 and 27 is a multiple of 9.
Divisibility Test for 10
-Any number that ends in 0 is divisible by 10.
Ex. 3,000, 10,000, 200, 500 are divisible by 10.
Divisibility Test for 11 Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Dissimilar or
-A number is divisible by 11 if after subtracting and Unlike Denominators
adding the number successively, the answer is divisible
by 11. 1. Find the Least Common Denominator (LCD)
Ex. Is 4,972 divisible by 11? 2. Change each fraction to equivalent fraction
4 – 9 + 7 – 2 = 0, 0 is divisible by 11. Therefore, 4972 is using LCD.
divisible by 11. 3. Add or subtract the numerators and write the
result over the LCD.
Exponents and Powers 4. If necessary, reduce the answer to lowest
terms.
An exponent is the number that indicates how many Ex. Calculate 4 ¼ + 2 4/5 – 1 1/3
times a whole number used as a factor.
15
Ex. 25 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 4¼= 4 60
48
Fractions + 2 4/5 = + 2 60
1. Proper Fraction - a fraction in which the - 1 1/3 =
43
- 1 60
numerator is less than the denominator.
Ex. 1/3, 2/3, 15/28, 105/201
𝟒𝟑
= 5 𝟔𝟎
2. Improper Fraction – a fraction in which the
numerator is greater than the denominator.
Ex. 5/2, 25/8, 128/121
Multiplication and Division of Fractions

3. Mixed Fraction – composed of a whole number

Rules for Multiplying Fractions
and a fraction.
To multiply two fractions, multiply the
Ex. 2 1/3, 3 2/5, 15 16/17, 100 25/31
numerators and multiply the denominators.

4. Equivalent Fraction – fractions that show the

Write the product of the numerators over the
same value.
product of the denominators. If necessary, reduce the
Ex. 2/5 = 8/20, 16/20 = 32/40, 101/120 = 303/360
answer to lowest terms.
Ex. Find the product.
a. 2/9 x 5/8 = 10/72 = 5/36
Addition and Subtraction
b. ¾ of 5 = ¾ x 5 = 15/4 = 3 ¾
c. (2/3)3 = 2/3 x 2/3 x 2/3 = 8/27
Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Similar or Like
d. 49/10 x 2/3 x 15/77 = 1470/2310 = 7/11
Denominators

Rules for Multiplying Mixed Numbers

To add or subtract fractions with similar or like
1. Change each mixed number to an improper
denominators, add or subtract the numerators. Write
fraction.
the sum or difference over the common denominator.
2. Multiply the numerators.
Simplify or reduce to lowest term if possible.
3. Place the result over the product of the
Ex.
denominators.
1. 14/27 + 11/27 = 25/27
4. Express the answer as a mixed number or as a
2. 7/18 – 4/18 = 3/18 = 1/6
proper fraction reduced to lowest terms.
Ex. Simplify 1 ½ x 16/9 = 3/2 x 16/9
48/18 = 8/3 = 2 2/3
 Ex. Subtract 462 – 26.528
Rules for Dividing Fractions 462.000
- 26.528
If a, b, c and d are all real numbers, and if b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0, d 435.472
≠ 0, then a/b ÷ c/d = a/b x d/c
To Multiply Decimals
Ex. Divide 3 3/8 by 2 ¼ = 27/8 ÷ 4/9 = 108/72 = 3/2 = 1 1. Calculate the product in the same manner as
½ whole numbers.
2. Put a decimal point in the appropriate location
Decimals so that the decimal places in the product equal
the sum of the number of decimal places in all
A decimal fraction is a fraction whose denominator can the factors.
be expressed as a power of ten. Ex. Find the product of 43.7 and 0.00035 = 0.015295
Example:
1. 6/10 = 6/101 = 0.6 To Divide Decimals
2. 16/100 = 16/102 = 0.16 1. Move the decimal point in the divisor up to the
3. 425/1000 = 425/103 = 0.425 necessary number of places to the right to make
it a whole number.
Operations on Decimals 2. Move the decimal point in the dividend to the
same number of places to the right.
To add Decimals 3. Put a decimal point in the quotient immediately
1. Write the numbers to be added vertically and above the new decimal point in the dividend.
line up the decimal points. 4. Proceed with the technique for dividing whole
2. Add all digits with the same place value, numbers. Take note of the location of the
beginning with the rightmost column. decimal point in the quotient.
3. Be sure to place a decimal point in the sum in Ex. Find the quotient of 0.02904 ÷ 0.04 = 0.726
the correct location.
Ex. Add 6.47 + 340.8 + 73.523 The Number Line

6.47 For any number a, the opposite of a is denoted by –a.

+ 340.8 Ex. The opposite of 100 is -100.
73.523 The opposite of -99 is 99.
420.793 6 stands for a gain of ₱6, whereas
-3 stands for a loss of ₱3.
To Subtract Decimals
1. Write the numbers to be subtracted vertically Operations on Integers
such that the decimal points are in a column.
2. If the number of decimal places in the Addition
subtrahend exceeds that in the minuend, insert 1. If the addends have the same signs, add the
the necessary number of zero to the right of the numbers disregarding the signs. The sign of the
last decimal place in the minuend. sum will be the common sign of the addends.
3. Subtract all the digits with the same place value, Ex. + 138 + +200 = 338
beginning with the rightmost column and
regroup when necessary. 2. If the addends are of different signs, subtract
4. Write the decimal point in the difference. This the smaller number from the larger number and
should be in line with the other decimal points. write the sign of the larger number.
 Ex. – 285 + 100 = -185 Translating Words into Expressions

Subtraction Verbal Phrase Algebraic Expression

1. In subtracting signed numbers, change the sign A number increased by 25 d + 25
of the subtrahend then proceed to addition of Ten decreased by a number 10 – c
integers. Twice a number minus 5 2n – 5
Ex. -10348 The quotient of a number and 7 b/7
− - 9753
- 595 Properties of Numbers

Multiplication  Commutative Property

1. When two numbers of the same signs are Changing the order of the values you are adding or
multiplied, the product is positive. multiplying does not change the sum or product.
2. When two numbers of opposite signs are
multiplied, the product is negative. Operation Algebra Arithmetic
Ex. Multiply +12 by +4 = 48 Addition a+b=b+a 5+7=7+5
Multiply -16 by 5 = -80 Multiplication axb=bxa 3x4=4x3

Division  Associative Property

1. In dividing numbers of the same signs, their Changing the grouping of the values you are adding or
quotient is a positive number. multiplying does not change the sum or product.
2. In dividing numbers of different signs, their
quotient is a negative number. Operation Algebra Arithmetic
Ex. Find the quotient Addition a+(b + c)= (a + b)+c 1+(2+3) =
a. -96/3 = -32 (1+2)+3
b. -84/-7 = 12 Multiplication a x (b x c) = (a x b) x c 1 x (2 x 3) =
(1 x 2) x 3
Common Algebra Facts
 Distributive Property
There are words and phrases that connote arithmetic To multiply a sum or difference, multiply each number
operations. within the parentheses by the number outside the
parentheses.
Addition Algebra Arithmetic
sum, plus, total, increased by, more than, greater than, a (b + c ) = ab + ac 3 ( 4 + 5) = 3 (4) + 3 (5)
in all a (b – c ) = ab - ac 7 (8-6) = 7 (8) – 7(6)

Subtraction  Identity Property

Minus, less than, difference, subtract, decreased by, The sum of any number and zero is the original number.
diminished by, reduced, fewer, less than, have left The product of any number and one is the original
number.
Multiplication
Algebra Arithmetic
Of, times, multiplied, product, factors
a+0=a 14 + 0 = 14
ax1=a 25 x 1 = 25
Division
Divided, quotient, separate, ratio, per, parts, rate
Zero – is the identity element for addition
One – is the identity element for multiplication.
Basic Terms in Statistics

Mean (Average) – is the sum or total of the data items

divided by the number of data items.
Ex. Find the mean of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
1 +2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15 = 3
5 5
Mean = 3

Mode – the number or item that occurs most often.

Ex. Find the mode of these scores, 3,3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7,7, 7,8
Mode = 7

Median – is the middle number when items or scores

are written in order and there are an odd number of
items. If the number of scores is even, take the average
of the two middle scores.
Ex. Find the median of the following scores
a. Odd number of items – 5 scores are given
3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Median = 5

b. Even number of items – 6 scores are given

2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12
Median = (7 + 9)/2 = 16/2
Median = 8

Range – is highest score minus lowest score in a set of

data. Ex. Find the range of the scores, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9
Range = 9 – 5
Range = 4