A

Project Report

On

“Use Of Traditional Materials In Low Cost Housing”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the

Diploma in

Civil Engineering

Prescribed by

Maharashtra State Board Of Technical Education, Mumbai

2018-2019

Submitted by

Sarang G. Warjurkar Shital M. Ughade

Tejendra S. Jambhule Punamchand R. Sindam
Amar C. Chatap Ashikkumar B. Jiwane

Under the Guidance of

Prof. P.S.Moon

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SHRI SAI POLYTECHNIC, CHANDRAPUR442401 (M.S.)[2018-2019]

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 SHRI SAI POLYTECHNIC, CHANDRAPUR (M.S.)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

2018-2019

CERTIFICATE
This is to certified that this complete project report of entitled “Use Of Traditional
Materials In Low Cost Housing”Submitted by the following students of sixth
semester of “SHRI SAI POLYTECHNIC, CHANDRAPUR, (M.S.) in the partial fulfillment
for requirement of DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING from MaharashtraState Board Of
Technical Education, Mumbai, (M.S.). This is the record of their own project work carried out
by them under my guidance and supervision for the academic session 2018-2019.

Submitted by

Sarang G. Warjurkar Shital M. Ughade

Tejendra S. Jambhule Punamchand R. Sindam
Amar C. Chatap Ashikkumar B. Jiwane

Prof. P.S.Moon
Project Guide
Civil Engineering Department
ShriSai Polytechnic, Chandrapur, (M.S.

Prof. A. V. Gowardhan sir Prof. S. N. Pilare

Head Of Deaprtment Principal
Civil Engineering Department Shri Sai Polytechnic, Chandrapur, (M.S)
Shri Sai Polytechnic, Chandrapur, (M.S)

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 CONTENT

Sr.NO TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. Abstract 4.0

2. Introduction 5.0 to 6.0

3. Aim & Objectives 7.0

4. Methodology 8.0 to 11.0

5. Reference 12.0

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 ABSTRACT
Housing is a basic need of human being. But this is out of the means of low income
householder who constitute majority of the population in the country. Low cost housing become
must in civil engineering. In this report some methods of low cost housing given.

Low cost housing is a new concept which deals with effective budgeting and following of
techniques which helps in reducing the cost of construction through the use of locally available
materials along with improved skills and technology without sacrificing the strength,
performance and life of the structure. There is huge misconception that low cost housing is
suitable for only sub standard works and they are constructed by utilizing cheap building
materials of low quality. The fact is that Low cost Housing is done by proper management of
resources. Economy is also achieved by postponing finishing works or implementing them in
phases. Present project concentrates on: Studying materials and technology for low cost
construction.

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 INTRODUCTION

As India tries to shed its tag of „Developing country’ and come in the league of „developed
nations‟ one of the precondition is to provide food, shelter and clothes for all. A major crisis for
our countries development is the problem of squatter settlement with nearly 100 millions peoples
living in slums and slums-like conditions without adequate basic facilities. These numbers are
expected to touch 200 millions by 2020.India‟s housing shortage is estimated to be high as 40
million units and demand from low income segment constitute a large proportion of this
shortage. This has given to need of Affordable Housing in India . India has massive sanitation
and public hygiene problem(Affordable housing for masses). More than half a billion citizen
don‟t have a toilet and the country need to build 78 new ones every minute over the next four
years to meet the Governament ambitious sanitation target. One in two Indians, or about 650
millions peoples, defecates in the open. The untreated waste poses a serious health risk. In 2007
India added about 11 millions toilets,but the Governament wants the rate of construction to rise
considerably.The national co-ordiantor of aid agrncy Water Aid India, Richard Mahapatra,used
official data to estimate that 40,000 new toilets a day are needed to reach the Government‟s goal
of making a lavatory available to every citizen by 2012. Pre engineering buildings is one of the
techniques that can be used for fast and economic building of houses and toilets in India.

This paper studies the opportunity of pre engineered building techniques to provide afflordable
housing and sanitation solution. Basic need to man in today‟s world is food, clothing and shelter.
House construction is a dream for low income peoples in our India. Wheather he is farmer, labor
or private employee. Cost of construction is at high because of high wages and high material
cost. A poor man has to spend his entire life in construction a house. Low cost housing is a
reasonable for low income owners, if they can invest 30% of their household income. India as a
developing country, has 20% of high income population that can afford a house. High and
middle income people takeover most of the low income housing. There is a need of cost effective
construction technology and materials. A low cost housing doesn‟t mean to sacrifice with
strength or build with operational materials but it means effective use of local materials and
techniques that are durable and require less maintenance. Low cost material reduce the cost by
using alternative techniques. India‟s urban population is the second largest in the world. The
country needs a plan for plant acquision and rapid construction.40-45% is slum population which

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is growing day by day. Current shortage of 17.6 million houses is being faced by India. Mumbai
is the largest populated city of India having a population of 16 million according to 2011 census
which has seen an increment of 15.98% from 2001 census. India‟s population grows by 1.3% per
annum which is a main problem as 37% of population is below poverty line. A need of using low
cost house and easily available materials and technology.

Shortage of 17.6 million houses generates the usage of local available and natural materials in
rural and urban India. According to World Bank the rural and urban population of India in 2013
is 67.97% and 32.02% respectively.

Affordable housing is a term used in describe dwelling units whose total housing cost are
deemed “Affordable” to a group of people within a specified income range. In India,the
technology to be adopted for housing components should be such that the production and
erection technology be adjusted to suite the level of skills and handling facilities available
metropolitan, urban and rural conditions.

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 OBJECTIVES

The following are the objectives of the present study.

1) To redefine the meaning of Affordable Housing by comparing.

2) To study the financial aspects of affordable housing.

3) To study the behaviour of the buyer towards affordable house.

4) To study materials and technology used in affordable housing.

5) To study different types of construction technique used to reduce cost of housing

6) To compare cost and time reduction by adopting different techniques for large-scale project.

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 METHODOLOGY

Materials Used In Low Cost Housing

By and large, conventional building materials like bricks, steel and cemet are higher in
cost , utilize large amount of non-renewable natural resources like energy, minerals, top soil,
forest cover, etc,. The continued use of such conventional materials has adverse impact on
economy and environment. Environment friendly materials and technologies with cost effectives
are, therefore, required to be adopted for sustainable construction which must fulfill some more
of the following criterion:-

1. Not endanger bio-reserves and be non-polluting.

2. Be self sustaining and promote self reliance.
3. Recycle polluting waste into usable materials.
4. Utilize locally available materials.
5. Utilize local skills, manpower and managing systems.
6. Benefit local economy by being income generating.
7. Utilize renewable energy sources.
8. Be accessible to people.
9. Be low in monetary cost.

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  NATURAL MATERIALS

Random –Straw or Coconut Fiber Stabilized Soil

Straw-soil mix is an ancient construction material and has been used in many countries
for years. Application of modern geo-technical techniques to this materials can further improve
both strength and durability.

Bambo

After China, India is the second largest in bamboo production. Coupled with China, it
holds 50% of the world‟s total share of bamboo production.

Some ongoing bamboo products are

i) Corrugated bamboo roofing sheet

ii) Bamboo mat board
iii) Bamboo mat veneer composite
iv) Bamboo rice husk composite

Earth

Earth is the oldest building material known to mankind. But it is widespread use in hindered due
to the limitation like water penetration erosion of walls at level by splashing of water from
ground surface attack by termites and pests, high maintenance requirements etc. These
limitations can be overcome by using compressed earths blocks and non-erodible mud plaster.

Straw

Straw is basically agriculture by product which comprises only of the plant stalks (most cereals)
after removal of grain and chaff. Rice straw has the highest silica content making it the toughest
amongst all other cereal straws.

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  MAN-MADE MATERIALS

Fiber cement composites

From centuries, mankind has used the various fibres for a wide spectrum of applications
ranging from consumption to housing. In recent days many researches have explored the
possibilities of using the natural fiber obtained from different plant which includes bagasse,
cereal straw, corn stalk, cotton stalk, kenef, ricr husk/rice straw etc as an alternative building
materials.

Wardha Tumbler Tiles

These tumbler tiles are cast by potters and used a roofing. These have been developed by
Cente for Science for villages, wardha. This kind of roof keeps the heat and cold out.

Recycled steel reinforcement

Steel reinforcement can be made entirely of recycled scrap iron. This material is
salavaged from automobiles, appliances, and steel reinforced structure , which includes
reinforced concrete pavements, bridges and buildings.

Bricks and Blocks

1) Fly Ash Brick

2) Brick from coal washery rejects
3) Building blocks from mine waste and industrial waste
4) C-Brick
5) Cement Concrete Hollow Blocks
6) Low Cost Sandcrete Blocks

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Plaster

1) Calcium silicate plaster : Calcium silicate refractoriness are usually derived from
calcium silicate. Wollastonite is a naturally occurring from of calcium silicate commonly
used as filler.
2) Fiber reinforced clay plaster : Clay plaster can achieve better sticking properties by
reinforcing it with fibers. These fibers can be natural plant (cellulose) fiber or artificial
fibers of polypropylene. Plant fiber in fiber reinforced plaster act as reinforcement and
create voids thus controlling cracking due to drying shrikange and thermal movements.

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 REFERENCES

 https://www.scribd.com/doc/303197161/research_paper_low_cost_housing
 https://theconstructor.org/building/lowcostmaterials/5352/
 https://www.sciencedirects.com/science/articles/pii
 https://www.nbmcw.com
 https://www.alibaba.com
 Building materials and construction :- G.C.SAHU and Jaygopal jenna
 Building construction by Rangwala
 Building construction by B.C.Pumia
 Handbook of low cost housing by A.K.Lal
 Housing and urbanisation: A study of india by Cedric Pugh

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