What is law and explain civil law crminal law and consitutional law?

Law is the system of rules which a particular country or community

recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce
by the imposition of penalties.

According to austin law is

Austin says that law is a command which obliges a person or persons to a

course of conduct. It is laid down by a political sovereign and enforceable by
a sanction.

Kinds of law

Crimnal law

Civil law

Consitution law

What is civil law

A body of rules that delineate private rights and remedies, and govern disput
es between individuals in such areas ascontracts, property, and Family
Law; distinct from criminal or public law. Civil law systems, which trace their
roots to ancientRome, are governed by doctrines developed and compiled by
legal scholars. Legislators and
administrators in civil lawcountries use these doctrines to fashion a code by
which all legal controversies are
decided.
The civil law system is derived from the Roman Corpus Juris Civilus of Emper
or
Justinian I ; it differs from a common-
lawsystem, which relies on prior decisions to determine the outcome of a law
suit. Most European
and South American countrieshave a civil law system. England and most of t
he countries it
dominated or colonized, including Canada and the UnitedStates, have a com
mon-law system. However, within these countries, Louisiana, Quebec, and Pu
erto Rico exhibit
theinfluence of French and Spanish settlers in their use of civil law systems.
Essentail of civil law
Legal right

The interest in a claim which is recognized by and protected by sanctions

of law imposed by a state, which enables one to possess property or to
engage in some transaction or course of conduct or to compel some other
person to so engage or to refrain from some course of conduct under
certain circumstances, and for the infringement of which claim the state
provides a remedy in its courts of justice

two kind of legal right one is right of personam and other is right in rem

Legal remedy

The way a right is enforced by a court of law when injury, harm, or a

wrongful act is imposed upon another individual. The laws of remedies will be
based on the extent of relief the plaintiff is entitled to receive after
appropriate court procedures were followed and the plaintiff proved with
sufficient evidence they were wronged by the defendant.

What is crimnal law?

A body of rules and statutes that defines conduct prohibited by the governm
ent because it
threatens and harms public safetyand welfare and that establishes punishme
nt to be imposed for the commission of such acts.
The term criminal law generally refers to substantive criminal laws. Substanti
ve criminal laws define
crimes and mayestablish punishments. In contrast, Criminal
Procedure describes the process through which the criminal laws are enforc
ed.For example, the law prohibiting murder is a substantive criminal law. The
manner in which government enforces thissubstantive law—
through the gathering of evidence and prosecution—is generally considered
a procedural matter.
Crimes are usually categorized as felonies or misdemeanors based on their n
ature and the maximum punishment that canbe imposed. A felony involves s
erious misconduct that is punishable by
death or by imprisonment for more than one year.Most state criminal laws su
bdivide felonies into
different classes with varying degrees of punishment. Crimes that do notam
ount to felonies are
misdemeanors or violations. A misdemeanor is misconduct for which the law
prescribes
punishmentof no more than one year in prison. Lesser offenses, such as tra
ffic and parking infractions, are often called violations andare considered a p
art of criminal law.
Differece between crimnal law and civil law

Definition Civil law deals with the disputes between Criminal

individuals, organizations, or between the two, in law is the
which compensation is awarded to the victim. body of law
that deals
with crime
and the
legal
punishment
of criminal
offenses.

Purpose To deal with the disputes between individuals, To maintain

organizations, or between the two, in which the stability
compensation is awarded to the victim. of the state
and society
by
punishing
offenders
and
deterring
them and
others from
offending.

Jury opinion In cases of civil law, the opinion of the jury may not In the
have to be unanimous. Laws vary by state and criminal
country. Juries are present almost exclusively in justice
criminal cases; virtually never involved in civil system, the
actions. Judges ensure law prevails over passion. jury must
agree
unanimousl
y before a
defendant
is
convicted.

Case filed by Private party Governmen

t

Decision Defendant can be found liable or not liable, the Defendant

 judge decides this. is convicted
if guilty and
acquitted if
not guilty,
the jury
decide this.

Standard of "Preponderance of evidence." Claimant must "Beyond a

proof produce evidence beyond the balance of reasonable
probabilities. doubt":

Burden of Claimant must give proof however, the burden may "Innocent
proof shift to the defendant in situations of Res Ipsa until proven
Loquitur (The thing speaks for itself). guilty": The
prosecution
must prove
defendant
guilty.

Type of Compensation (usually financial) for injuries or A guilty

punishment damages, or an injunction in nuisance. defendant
is subject to
Custodial
(imprisonm
ent) or Non-
custodial
punishment
(fines or
community
service).
What is consitutional law ?

Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and
structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive,
the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of
citizens and, in federal countries such as the United States and Canada, the
relationship between the central government and state, provincial, or
territorial governments.
Not all nation states have codified constitutions, though all such states have
a jus commune, or law of the land, that may consist of a variety of
imperative and consensual rules. These may include customary
law, conventions, statutory law, judge-made law, or international rules and
norms. Constitutional law deals with the fundamental principles by which the
government exercises its authority. In some instances, these principles grant
specific powers to the government, such as the power to tax and spend for
the welfare of the population. Other times, constitutional principles act to
place limits on what the government can do, such as prohibiting the arrest of
an individual without sufficient cause.
In most nations, such as the United States, India, and Singapore,
constitutional law is based on the text of a document ratified at the time the
nation came into being. Other constitutions, notably that of the United
Kingdom,[1][2] rely heavily on unwritten rules known as constitutional
conventions; their status within constitutional law varies, and the terms of
conventions are in some cases strongly contested.[3]