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What is tropism?

Tropism is the orientation movement of a sessile organism in response to a stimulus, or movement


of curvature due to an external stimulus that determines the direction of movement. It is also known as
topotaxis. (Nill, 2002)

Identify classes of microorganisms based on their energy requirements. Identify classes of microorganisms
based on their oxygen requirements. Cite at least three examples of each class of microorganisms.

Classes of microorganisms based on their energy requirements


 Phototrophs – organisms which are capable of employing radiant energy and capture proton in
order to acquire energy. Energy sources is mainly sunlight
example: Algae (kelp), purple or green non-sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria
 Chemotrophs – organisms which obtain energy for their activities and self-synthesis from chemical
reaction that can occur in the dark. Energy source is the oxidizing energy of chemical compounds
example: methanogens, halophiles, nitrifiers
Classes of microorganisms based on their oxygen requirements
 Aerobic – bacteria grow in the presence of free oxygen
example: Nocardia sp., Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Bacillus sp.
 Anaerobic – bacteria grow in the absence of free oxygen
example: Lactobacilli Bacteria, Salmonella Bacteria, Escherichia coli Bacteria, Clostridium
perfringens Bacteria
 Facultatively anaerobic – bacteria grow in either the absence or the presence of free oxygen
example: Escherichia coli Bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis, Staphylococcus Aureus
 Macrophylic – bacteria grow in the presence of minute quantities of free oxygen
(Lee, 1995)

Identify classes of microorganisms based on their pH requirements. Cite at least three examples of each class
of microorganisms.

Identify classes of microorganisms based on their temperature requirements. Cite at least three examples of
each class of microorganisms.
Since microbial activity and growth are manifestations of enzymatic action, and since the rates of
enzyme reactions increase with the increasing temperatures, the rate of microbial growth is temperature
dependent. Depending on the temperature range over which they grow, bacteria are classified as
 Psychrophiles – bacteria grows in the temperature range -7 to 35℃ and has an optimum
temperature range of 20 to 30℃
example: Arthrobacter sp., Psychrobacter sp, Chryseobacterium greenlandensis
 Mesophiles – bacteria grows in the temperature range 7 to 45℃ and has an optimum temperature
range of 30 to 40℃
example: Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
 Thermophiles – bacteria grow in either the absence or the presence of free oxy bacteria grows in
the temperature range 40 to 75℃ and has an optimum temperature range of 45 to 60℃
example: hermus aquaticus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, thermoplasma acidophilum, fungi
(Lee, 1995)

References
F, S. M. (2002). Bioprocess Engineering Basic Concepts. NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Lee, J. (1995). Biochemical Engineering. USA: John Wiley and Sons.

Nill, K. (2002). Glossary of Biotechnology. CRC Press LLC.

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