DENSITAS
Komponen gr/ml
C2H3COOH 1.045 104.5
C4H9OH 0.8119 81.19
H2SO4 1.833 183.3
H2O 0.995 99.5
C2H3COOC4H9 0.894 89.4
VISKOSITAS 353.15
Komponen A B C D μ xi
C2H3COOH -15.9215 2.44E+03 3.44E-02 -2.77E-05 0.7266082751 0.417021
C4H9OH -5.397 1.33E+03 6.22E-03 -5.51E-06 0.8757677912 0.54766
H2SO4 -18.7045 3.50E+03 3.31E-02 -1.70E-05 2.1283476421 0.020851
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05 0.6350968092 0.014468
C2H3COOC4H9 -6.9308 1.17E+03 1.35E-02 -1.23E-05 0.6686805627 0.00E+00
1
Entalphy Formation
Cp = A + B*T + C*T^2
Cp = Kj/mol.K T=K
Komponen A B C D
C2H3COOH -18.242 1.2106 -3.12E+01 3.14E-06
C4H9OH 83.877 0.56628 -1.72E-03 2.28E-06
H2SO4 26.004 0.70337 -1.39E-03 1.03E-06
H2O 92.053 -4.00E+02 -2.11E-04 5.35E-07
C2H3COOC4H9 101.239 1.1519 -3.24E-03 3.9463E-06
rho p
0.303011 294.3402 122.7461
0.479623 238.264 130.4876
0.044378 315.5205 6.578938
0.009189 293.4124 4.245116
0 240.1438 0.00E+00
0.836201 1381.681 264.0577
Gc,to
Af
NETRALIZER (N-01)
Ca(OH)2
Air
Metanol N-01
Air
Asam Sulfat
DMP
NETRALIZER
Tugas : Menetralkan H2SO4 dan Asam Akrilat yang keluar dari reaktor dengan NaOH
Jenis Tangki Berpengaduk
Kondisi operasi : P = 1
T = 80
Masuk
Komponen BM
kg/jam kmol/jam
C2H3COOH 72.0634 169.4923832513 2.3519898208
C4H9OH 74.1224 1220.3458072073 16.4639273311
C2H3COOC4H9 128.17 5727.6354899668 44.6878012793
H2O 18.016 964.5506510504 53.5385574517
H2SO4 98.079 30.5758640332 0.3117473061
NaOH 40 119.0193661272 2.9754841532
C2H3COONa 94.044 #REF! #REF!
Na2SO4 142.05 #REF! #REF!
Total #REF!
= 9.142 m3
DIMENSI NETRALISER
v Tinggi dan Diameter Shell
Ø Vt = Vs + 2. Vh
Vs = Volume Shell = 3
o .D 2 .H D 2 .( 3 .D ) D3
4 4 2 8
o Vh (Volum Head) = 4,9.10-5.D3
§ Jika Vh dan D dinyatakan dalam meter (m), maka :
§ Vh = 0,084672.D3
Sehingga :
Ø Vt = Vs + 2.Vh
Ø Vt = 3
2.(0,084672) D 3
8
1/ 3
Ø D = Vr
1,347449
1/ 3
Vr
1,347449
D3 = 473481.7360
= 77.941 in
= 1.980 m
= 6.495 f
Ø H = (3/2) x D
= 116.9120 in
= 2.97 m
v Tebal Dinding Shell
o ts = p x ri
f .E 0,6. p
c
dimana :
§ p = tekanan perancangan =
=
Maka,
v Tebal Head
o th =
0,885 x p x ri
c
f .E 0,1. p
o Dari tabel 5.7, pg 90 Brownell diperoleh:
§ icr = 5.125 in
§ r= 84 in
= 0.212 in
v Menentukan Jarak Puncak Dengan Straight Flange
Ø Dari tabel 5.6, pg 88, Brownell, untuk tebal head standar = 1/4 in
Diperoleh data Straight Flange (SF) antara 1,5 – 2 in
o Dipilih SF = 2 in
ID
§ A =
2
= 41.813 in
§ AB = a – icr
= 36.688 in
§ BC = r – icr
= 78.875 in
§ AC = BC 2 AB 2
= in ) 2 (18.7230 in ) 2
( 45
= 69.823 in
§ B = r – AC
= 14.177 in
§ OA = b + SF + th
= 16.177
Jadi, tinggi head = 16.177 in x 0.0254 m
in
0.411 m
v Tinggi Netraliser
3 3
Ø Tinggi Shell = x ID koreksi = x 83.625 in
2 2
= 125.438 in
= 3.186 m
Ø Tinggi Netraliser = Tinggi Shell + 2. Tinggi Head
= 4.008 m
= 157.791 in
v Menghitung Tinggi Larutan Dalam Netraliser
o A= x ID2
4
= 5492.400 m2
v Volume Netraliser
1. PENGADUK
v Fungsi : Untuk mendapatkan larutan yang homogen, baik suhu maupun konsentrasinya.
v Dirancang : “Six-Flat Blade Turbine”, dengan 4 baffle
v Dari Mc.Cabe and Smith, fig 9.10, pg 230
Ø Ketentuan Perancangan :
1
J= x Dt
12
= 0.5807
o Panjang Blade (L) :
L : Di = 1 : 4
1
L= x Di
4
= 0.1770
v KECEPATAN PENGADUK (N)
Ø Menurut persamaan 8.8, Rase,”Chemical Reactor Design For Process Plants”, pg 345 :
2
WELH .Di.N
2.Di 600
dimana :
o WELH = Water Equivalent Liquid Height
= Tinggi larutan dalam netraliser x Spesific Grafity
umpan
o Specific Gravity (SG) =
air
§ ρ umpan = massa total
kecepatan volumetrik total
kg
= 900.458379 L
§ ρ air = 996.647000
Maka,
o Specific Gravity =
Sehingga,
WELH = Tinggi larutan dalam netraliser x Spesific
= 0.3729
= 1.223
0.5
Ø N= WELH 600
x
2.Di .Di
= 0.29628
= 8.120
v Bilangan Reynold (Re)Untuk Pengadukan
Ø Re =
umpan x N x Di 2
umpan
o μ umpan = X C2H3COOH.μ C2H3COOH + XH2O.μH2O + XCH3OH.μ CH3OH + XH2SO4
massa bahan
X bahan =
massa total
X CH3OH= #REF!
X H2O = #REF!
X H2SO4 = #REF!
X Ca(OH)2 = #REF!
X C10H10O4 = #REF!
Maka, 2,42 lb
jam.ft
μ umpan = #REF! x
1 cp
= #REF! lb
ft. det ik
kg
ρ umpan = 900.45838 L x 1000 x
= 56215.61661 lb
cuft
Sehingga,
Ø Re = #REF!
v Power Pengaduk (Po)
o Po =
Np x umpan x N 3 x Di 5
550 lbf / s
gc x
Hp
= 711.72 Hp
Ø Dari fig 4.10, Vilbrandt, diperoleh efisiensi motor = 80 %
v Power Motor
Po
Ø Power motor (Hp) = = 889.65
motor
Ø Menurut Ludwig vol 3, pg 331, maka digunakan power motor induksi (standar NEMA) sebesar 5 Hp
IZER (N-01)
Metanol
Air
DMP
Kalsium Sulfat
atm
C
keluar
kg/jam kmol/jam
#REF! #REF!
1220.34581 16.46392733
5727.63549 44.68780128
1018.16403 56.51443328
0 0
0 0
221.190525 2.351989755
44.2837048 0.311747306
#REF!
rho fv,m^3/jam
982.1 0.172581594
806 1.514076684
894 6.406751107
996.647 0.96779567
1764.7 0.017326381
1887.5 0.063056618
7330.947 9.141588053
menit 1 jam
557853.930 in
3
D 2 .( 3 .D ) D3
2 8
1,2 x P operasi
17.64 psi
38.971 in
2,Brownell)
18750 psi
0.8 (80%)(Tabel 13-2, pg 254, Brownell)
0.125 in
in)
0.125
17,64 psi)
0.00434 m
in 0.015625 f
in
in 2.134 m
m
in
1 ft
3048 m
4in
0,125
17 )
,64psi
0.00540
0.25 in
88, Brownell:
f3
m3
in ) 2
0.015625
m
in
3.14159265
0.8114 m3
10.9699 m3
alam shell
netraliser
entrasinya.
f x 0.3048
m
ft
m
f 0.0432
ft 0.177
m
s Plants”, pg 345 :
Spesific Grafity
massa total
tan volumetrik total
kg
L
kg
L
0.903488
μ CH3OH = 0.7433 cp
μ H2O = 0.915 cp
μ H2SO4 = 3.6424 cp
μ Ca(OH)2 = 0.1 cp
μ C10H10O4 = 3.0038 cp
2 lb
jam.ft x 1 jam
1 cp 3600 detik
0,06243 lb
x L 3x
ft 3
m kg
m3
Np = 5.5
3
x Di 5
s
Hp
Masuk keluar
Komponen BM
kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
C2H3COOH 72.0634 169.5276 2.3525 0.0000
C4H9OH 74.1224 1094.6621 14.7683 1094.6621
C2H3COOC4H9 128.17 5728.8276 44.6971 5728.8276
H2O 18.016 1122.8091 62.3229 1246.1574
H2SO4 98.079 220.3859 2.2470 0.0000
NaOH 40 273.8611 6.8465 0.0000
C2H3COONa 94.044 0.0000 0.0000 221.2365
Na2SO4 142.05 0.0000 0.0000 319.1899
Total 8610.0735 8610.0735
Vc = Fv x t
= 9.3354079563
b. Volume netralizer =
diambil Over design sebesar 20 %
Volume netralizer = 1,21 x Fv
Volume netralizer = 11.2958436271
Vt = ΠD^2H + ΠD^3
4 12
= Π.1,5.D^3 + ΠD^3
4 12
^1/3
Dt = Vt
Π.1,5 + Π
4 12
Dt = 2.616 m
103.003 in
Perbandingan H : D = 1:1
Tinggi netralizer 2.616 m
103.003 in
Jadi D standar = 90.000 in 2.28600 m
H standar = 108.000 in 2.74321 m
ri = Dt/2 = 1.308 m
51.502 in
Catatan :
Pertimbangan pemilihan bahan reaktor didasarkan pada :
- Kondisi operasi T = 80 C dan P = 1 atm
- Bahan mudah menguap ----------> tangki tertutup
OA
icr
b
OD
ID
t' = 0.885 x P x r +C
f x E - 0.1 P
Volume Head
Volume dari sebuah Torispherical dished head dengan icr = 6 % ID (brownell n young hal 88)
ID = 2.616 m = 103.003 in
8.584 ft = 0.048 ft3
Vol =
Volume sebuah head = 0.000049 x ID^3 + 1/4 π . (ID2/12)^2 . Sf/12
= 63.189 ft3 109189.902
= 1.789 m3
Spesifikasi :
1. Diameter propeller : Da = Dt / 3 = 0.872
Putaran pengaduk untuk cairan agak kental besarnya sekitar 140 rpm (Coulson, 1986)
D a2 N
Bilangan Reynold Re = 2292.69233
Tenaga pengadukan
P N pN3D5a
P= 3191.486 J/dtk
= 4.339 Hp
Efisiensi Motor : em = 80 %
fv,m^3/jam
0.1726
1.3581
6.4081
1.1266
0.1249
0.1451
9.3354
Sf
0.25 th dipilih
0.500 m
in^3
m
in^3
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
rpm
rps
kg/m^3
kg/m.dtk
A. Perhitungan Panas Reaksi di Netralizer Komponen
C2H3COOH
Umpan dHr. T Produk C4H9OH
Tf = 80 0C Tp = 80 0C H2SO4
C7H12O2
Qc Qh H2O
dHr, Tb NaOH
Tb = 25 0C Na2SO4
C2H3COONa
panas penurunan suhu umpan sampai 25 C 353.15
Komponen Cp Fm1 ∆Hr(Fm.Cp) 1
kJ/kmol K kmol/jam kj/jam
C2H3COOH -159.005 2.352 -374.055
C4H9OH -172.301 14.768 -2544.595
H2SO4 -173.435 2.247 -389.714
C2H3COOC4H9 -272.002 44.697 -12157.708
NaOH -86.954 6.847 -595.333
H2O -75.174 62.323 -4685.085
Total -938.872 133.234 -20746.4894
Qc Qh
dHr, Tb
Tb = 25 0C
komponen Cp (KJ/kmol) Fm1 (kmol/jam) ∆Hr(Fm.Cp)1 (KJ/jam)
C4H9OH 172.301 14.7683 2544.595
C2H3COOC4H9 272.002 44.6971 12157.708
H2O 75.174 69.1695 5199.774
Na2SO4 226.522 2.2470 509.000
C2H3COONa 141.930 2.3525 333.887
Total 887.929 133.234 20744.9641
b. Reaksi 2
komponen kmol/j Mol/J ∆H 298 (Kj/mol)
H2SO4 0.309254 309.25353 -735.1300
NaOH 0.618507 618.50707 -425.6000
Na2So4 0.309254 309.25353 -1,387.1000
H2O 0.618507 618.50707 -241.8000
Total
Neraca Panas Di Netralizer
∆H (Kj/jam)
-784483.4891
-992999.3546
-611291.8959
-564161.7574
-2952936.497
∆H (Kj/jam)
-227341.5498
-263236.6074
-428965.5758
-149555.0086
-1069098.742
20744.964
PERANCANGAN PENDINGIN R - 01
QH = 3.8122E+06 Btu/jam
Medium Pemanas
Dipilih : Steam pada suhu 150°C dan tekanan 1 atm
Tc1 = Suhu steam masuk koil = 150 oC = 302 oF saturated steam = 150
Tc2 = Suhu steam keluar koil = 100 oC = 212 oF
Tc,avg = suhu air rata-rata = 1/2 (Tc1 + Tc2)
= 125 oC = 257 oF
= 398.15 K
Tr = 80 C 176
Sifat fisis air pada suhu rata-rata :
Berat molekul BMc = 18.05
Konduktifitas panas kc = 1.234 W/m.K = 0.713 Btu/jam.ft^2(oF/ft) DT1 = 70 C
Densitas c = 293.412425 kg/m^3 = 18.317 lb/ft^3 DT2 = 20 C
Kapasitas panas Cpc = J/kmol.K = 1.038 Btu/lb.oF
Viskositas c = 0.00021885 Pa.dtk = 0.529 lb/ft.jam DT LMTD 39.9117800074 C
103.841204013 F
Dari tabel 8, hal 840 kern dapat dikeahui fluida dingin ini mrpkn heavy organic.
Dalam system heater maka nilai UD =50-125, diambil UD= 125 Btu/j.f2.0F
karena luas transfer panas menggunakan jaket tidak mencukupi maka digunakan koil pendingin A>AT
Spesifikasi Koil
Umumnya koil dengan ukuran 2 dan 2 1/2 in paling ekonomis untuk "shop fabrication" dan ukuran
1 1/2 dan 2 in untuk "field fabrication".
Qc = wc.Cpc.DTc
Qc
wc
Cp c DTc
Kecepatan steam di dalam pipa/tube pada umumnya berkisar antara 1,5 - 2,5 m/dtk.
Dipilih : vc = 2.5 m/dtk = 8.202 ft/dtk
Gi
v c ,cek
c
Qc
Q ci
Nc
Qci = 4.24E+05 Btu/jam
Jsp
dhe
= 21.564 ft
Panjang koil tiap set (Lci)
A ci
L ci
Ao
A ci
L ci
Ao
Lci = 36.563 ft
Lci,kor = 86.256 ft
Lc = 4.500 ft = 1.372 m
Untuk 100 <= Reo <= 100000, maka h'o dapat dicari dengan persamaan berikut (Chopey, 1984) :
3
kf 4 0.53
h 'o C pf G o
C Re 12
pf f o
Dengan : Cpf = kapasitas panas fluida = 0.41366774 Btu/lb.oF
kf = konduktifitas panas fluida = 0.45916271 Btu/jam.ft.oF
Koefisien Perpindahan Panas di dalam Koil dengan Dasar Diameter Luar (hio)
ID
h io h i
OD
hio = 41.622 Btu/jam.ft^2.oF
Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)
h o h io
UC Ud= 27.70271
h o h io
Uc = 29.328 Btu/jam.ft^2.oF
UC UD
RD
UC U D
Pressure Drop
4 fG i2 Lci
DP
2 g c2 ID
DP = 8.783 psi < 10 psi (memenuhi syarat)
Gc,to
A
PERANCANGAN PENDINGIN R - 01
QH = 3.8122E+06 Btu/jam
Medium Pendingin
Dipilih : Air pada suhu 30°C dan tekanan 1 atm
Tc1 = Suhu air masuk jaket = 30 oC = 86 oF
Tc2 = Suhu air keluar jaket = 50 oC = 122 oF
Tc,avg = suhu air rata-rata = 1/2 (Tc1 + Tc2)
= 40 oC = 104 oF
= 313.15 K
Tr = 80 C
Sifat fisis air pada suhu rata-rata :
Berat molekul BMc = 18.02
Konduktifitas panas kc = 1.240 W/m.K = 0.716 Btu/jam.ft^2(oF/ft)
Densitas c = 1013.6381 kg/m^3 = 63.279 lb/ft^3
Kapasitas panas Cpc = 75242.634 J/kmol.K = 9.973E-01 Btu/lb.oF
Viskositas c = 0.0006778 Pa.dtk = 1.640 lb/ft.jam
T
(TR(T Rc1 c1R)
) T(T ) R TTc 2c 2)Tc1
Tc(2T Tc 2 Tc1
D lmlm
DTT
(TR (TT ) Tc1 ) (TR Tc1 ) (TR Tc1 )
ln ln c1 R
ln ln
(TR (TT ) Tc 2 ) (TR Tc 2 ) (TR Tc 2 )
c 2R
Dari tabel 8, hal 840 kern dapat dikeahui fluida panas ini mrpkn light organic,sdngkan fluida dingin air.
Dalam system cooler maka nilai UD =75-150, diambil UD= 150 Btu/j.ft2.0F ngambil ud 150, karena 75-150
A= 649.116 ft^2
AT = μ * D * L
AT =
=
21.504 m^2
72.363 m^2
231.469 ft^2
D=
L=
ts =
112167.165 in^2
karena luas transfer panas menggunakan koil tidak mencukupi maka digunakan jaket pendingin
Dengan :
Diperoleh :
Qc = Q H
wc
Qc = wc.Cpc.DTc
Qc
Cp c DTc
wc = 1.06E+05 lb/jam
4.82E+04 kg/jam
20 oC =
2.616 m
2.616 m
0.188 in
36 oF
103.003 in
103.003 in
A<AT
tj = P .Dj + C
fa.e-0.6*P
tj = 0.210 in
Dipilih tebal jaket 1/4 in = 0.25 in
Bj = 17.013 in
0.432 m