Management
Engr. Mary Jane C. Calagui, PhD
ChE Department
Cagayan State University
February 2019
Unit 1. Introduction and Basic
Principles
Solid Wastes
Adult Egg
Pupa Larva
Properties of SW
• Other parameters:
❑ Economics
❑ Engineering
❑ Conservation
➢ Design/manufacture/packaging of materials
Hierarchy of Recycling
Options
Reduce materials Content
Remanufacture
Recycle materials
Landfill
Public Attitude
• Habits
• Lifestyles
• Willingness to change
Geographic and Physical
Factors
• Location
• Wastepaper
• Cardboard
• Aluminum cans
• Glass
• Plastic containers
Effects of Storage on Waste
Components
❑ Biological decomposition
❑ Absorption of fluids
• Biological reclamation
• Thermal reduction
Waste Transformation
Physical, chemical, biological alteration of wastes
Importance:
▪ Fuel source
▪ Land reclamation
Equipment for material
recovery
Equipment Function
basis:
oxygen usage
temperature
technology
Thermal reduction
• Pyrolysis
• Incineration
• Residential
• Commercial
• Special/Unusual waste
MSW Characteristics
• Composition by identifiable items (steel cans, office paper etc)
• Moisture Content
• Particle size
• Chemical composition
• Heat value
• Density
• Mechanical properties
• Biodegradability
1.Composition by identifiable
items
Input – Output method
• Manual sampling
• Photogrammetry
2. Moisture Content
Formula:
𝑤 −𝑑
M= x 100
𝑤
Where:
Residential: 2-4 3
Aluminum cans
Cardboard 4-8 5
Fines (dirt etc.) 6-12 8
Food waste 50-80 70
Glass 1-4 2
Grass 40-80 60
Leather 8-12 10
Leaves 20-40 30
Paper 4-10 6
Plastics 1-4 2
Rubber 1-4 2
Steel cans 2-4 3
Wood 15-40 20
Component Moisture Content
Range Typical
Residential: 6-15 10
Textiles
Yard Waste 30-80 60
Commercial:
Food waste 50-80 70
Mixed commercial 10-25 15
wood crates and pallets 10-30 20
Construction (mixed) 2-15 8
Sample Problem:
UC =