CM011L: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)

1ST Quarter SY 2018-2019

Experiment No.2
Volatile Liquid

Glennmar P. Otilla
CM011L-B16

Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and

Sciences

Mapua University

ABSTRACT
They are many ways to calculate the molar mass of a certain substance or mixture but for this given
experiment the researchers use the ideal gas law formula to get the molar mass of a volatile liquid, in which
it follows the formula of PV=nRT, P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is a constant and
T is temperature. To determine the molar mass first we need to prepare the setup of the experiment first,
the researchers need to prepare the beaker , Erlenmeyer flask , Bunsen burner and etc. for them to properly
observe the needed data for the experiment , carefully follow the procedure to avoid miscalculations and
error along the way, when the setup is done observe thoroughly especially when the water inside the beaker
is boiling for this is the most crucial part of observation , the researchers need to see the evaporation of
gas inside the flask to know where to stop or to keep going, in this part also the researchers need to know
the temperature and the volume of the water inside the beaker, the researchers found out that the molar
mass of the volatile liquid is 56.36 g/mol in which the experiment is successful for the researchers has
succeeded to get the molar mass of the volatile liquid , the researchers recommend to study in advance
before conducting this experiment.

Keywords: volatile liquid, molar mass, gas law, moles , temperature

INTRODUCTION

One of the properties that helps in identifying a
substance is its molar mass. In a case of a volatile
liquid, a common method to calculate its molar mass is
by using the formula of the ideal gas law, PV=nRT. It
can be easily converted into gas for it is made from an
aqueous substance which is volatile, while in gaseous
form we can measure the volume, pressure and
temperature of the said substance. The researchers
also used the ideal gas law to calculate the moles of the
substance, After determining the number of moles the

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 CM011L: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)
1ST Quarter SY 2018-2019

researchers can use the ideal gas law to calculate the Iron stand 1
molar mass of the volatile liquid. Graduated cylinder (50mL) 1
Erlenmeyer flask with foil and 1
According to Jean Baptiste Dumas, a French chemist,
rubber (125mL)
in his analytical procedure, the liquid is vaporized into a
Thermometer 1
fixed-volume vessel at a measured temperature and
Barometer 1
barometric pressure, believe that the number of moles
Beaker (600mL) 1
of a substance is the number of atoms inside the
Gas pump 1
element . this study only limits itself from the unknown
substance inside the flask, any substance that the The researchers first measured the weight of the
researchers wish to determine aside from the said Erlenmeyer flask with a foil cover on its top and a rubber
substance that is given to them , will not be covered by placed around it which it weighs eighty five point fifty
this study. seven grams (85.57)g. then the researchers poured
300Ml tap water to the 600mL beaker , the boiling chips
The null hypothesis of this study is that it will be
are included inside the beaker and the 300 ml water .
impossible to calculate the molar mass of the volatile
the next step is to prepare the iron stand, iron clamp and
liquid.
the Bunsen burner in which the beaker is put on top of

MATERIALS AND METHODS it in order for it to be boiled . the Erlenmeyer flask with
foil and rubber band that is containing our Isopropyl
The researchers used the following materials and alcohol is put inside the beaker slightly below the water
apparatuses in performing th experiment level . this is where the real experiment will begin. After
the preparation , open the Bunsen burner then bring to
Table 1: Materials and equipment used in the
boil the water inside the beaker, after 5 minutes of the
experiment
first boil measure its temperature using the
thermometer then after that turn off the Bunsen burner
Materials/ Equipment Quantity/
then let it cool down for 3 minutes then measure again
Measurement
the mass of the Erlenmeyer flask (do it with the foil and
Tap water 300mL
rubber still with the flask , measure it without the rubber
Boiling chips 3
,then lastly measure it without the foil and the rubber),
Isopropyl alcohol 5mL
also check its volume by using the 50mL graduated
Bunsen burner 1
cylinder , continuously pour down everydrop of excess
Iron clamp 1

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 CM011L: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)
1ST Quarter SY 2018-2019

water inside the beaker to the graduated cylinder to

know the volume of the 125mL flask

Figure 3: boiling stage

Figure 1: pouring of unknown liquid

TOPIC QUESTIONS

1. Part A.1. The mass of the flask (before the

sample into the flask) is measured when the

outside of the flask is wet. However, in Part B.3,

the outside of the flask is dried before its mass

is measured.

A. Will the mass of vapor in the flask be

reported as too high or too low, or will it be

unaffected? Explain.

Figure 2 : final setup (before bringing to boil ) -The water outside the flask will be added to its

mass of the vapor, therefore mass of the vapor

would be possibly be too high.

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 CM011L: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)
1ST Quarter SY 2018-2019

B. Will the molar mass of vapor in the flask be A. How will this oversight in the procedure

reported as too high or too low, or will it be affect the mass of vapor measured in Part B.3,

unaffected? Explain. too low, too high, or unaffected? Explain.

-As the mass increases, the molar mass will be also -Piercing aluminum foil with large pencil-size

increased. Since the flask is not dried after holes will cause a large amount of vapor to escape.

vaporizing the liquid, the mass will increase, and This leads the mass of vapor to decrease, hence it

the molar mass will be too high. will be reported as too low.

2. Part A.1. From the time the mass of the B.Will the reported molar mass of the liquid be

flask is first measured in Part A.1 until the time reported too low, too high, or unaffected?

it is finally measure in Part B.3, it is handled a Explain.

number of times with oily fingers. Does the lack -As the mass of vapor decreases, the molar mass

of proper technique result in the molar mass of of the liquid will decrease also. For that reason, the

the vapor in the flask being reported as too high molar mass of the liquid will be measured as too

or too low or as unaffected? Explain. low.

-The molar mass increases thus the mass of foil, 4. Part B.2. The flask is completely filled

rubber band, and vapor increase. Having the lack with vapor only when it is removed from the

of proper technique will recorded the molar mass hot water bath in Part B.3. However, when the

of the vapor in the flask as too high. flask cools, some of the vapor condenses in the

3. Part A.2. The aluminum foil is pierced flask. As a result of this observation, will the

several times with large pencil-size holes reported molar mass of the liquid be too high,

instead of pin-size. too low, or unaffected? Explain.

-Some of the vapor condenses in the flask when it

cools, wherein it is a part of an experiment to be

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 CM011L: CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS (LABORATORY)
1ST Quarter SY 2018-2019

observe. The vapor only changes to a liquid, which -In the formula of PV=nRT, moles and volume are

does not really affect the mass of the liquid. As a directly proportional. When the volume increases,

result, the molar mass of the liquid will be molar mass will also increase. Considering the

unaffected since nothing is being added or volume of vapor in the actual experiment is 158

removed. mL, which is higher than 125 mL in the given

5. Part B.2. Suppose the thermometer is question. Therefore if the flask is been assumed to

miscalibrated to read 0.3 ℃ higher than actual. be 125 mL, the molar mass of the unknown liquid

Does this error in calibration result in the will be recorded as too low than the actual result.

molar mass of the vapor in the flask being 7. Part C.2. The pressure reading from the

reported as too high, too low, or as unaffected? barometer is recorded higher than it actually

Explain. is. How does this affect the reported molar

-The error in calibration will measure the molar mass of the liquid: too high, too low, or

mass of the vapor as too low, since it has been unaffected? Explain.

miscalibrated 0.3℃ higher than actual result. With -Pressure and moles are directly proportional.

the actual result, it must be recorded the molar When the recorded barometer is higher than its

mass of vapor as too high. actual, the molar mass of the liquid will be

6. Part C.1. If the volume of the flask is reported as too high. Since the pressure increases,

assumed to be 125 mL instead of the measured the molar mass will increases also.

volume, would the calculated molar mass of the

unknown liquid be too high, too low, or

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
unaffected by this experimental error?

Explain. the researchers only conducted 1 trial , using all the

data and observe traits before , during and after the
experiment is concluded. The researchers started to

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1ST Quarter SY 2018-2019

compute the molar mass of the volatile liquid by using https://mapua.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/pid-

the ideal gas formula PV=nRT. 540851-dt-content-rid-
11306429_1/courses/CM011L_A9_1Q1819/CM011%
The researcher started to convert first to know the
20Laboratory%20Manual.pdf
needed data in accuracy the researchers started by
converting the millimeter of mercury (mmHg) to the https://prezi.com/k1zbpyrazfld/molar-mass-of-a-
atmosphere (atm). Then, converted the value of the volatile-liquid/
calculated volume of the flask from mL to L. Lastly, they
converted the calculated temperature in degree Celsius
to Kelvin. In which, R is the universal constant, P is the
atmosphere calculated by the researchers, V is the
volume of the flask in liters and T is the temperature
converted to Kelvin of the vapor.

The researchers only gathered 0.0055 mol of vapour

(n)
and a mass of 0.31g ( mass of vapour) and a molar
mass of 56.36g/mol. Resulting for a successful
experiment

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In conclusion, reject the null hypothesis for the

researchers computed the molar mass of the compound
which is (56.36g/mol)

The researchers recommend to know the background

of the experiment by studying the basic formulas, gas
laws, and proper computing of molar mass, volume and
temperature to avoid miscalculations and disparities as
you go along the experiment.

REFERENCES

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