Connections Vs Sessions

A process is a physical process or thread.
On unix, you can see a process with "ps" for example. It is there.
There are many types of processes in Oracle -- background processes like SMON, PMON,
RECO, ARCH, CKPT, EMNn, DBWR, etc..... And user processes like dedicated servers or
shared server (multi-threaded server -- aka MTS -- configuration)
A connection is a "physical circuit", a pathway to a database. You can be connected to a

database yet have 0 or 1 or MORE sessions going on that connection. We can see that with
sqlplus, consider (single user system here, its all about me)
[tkyte@tkyte-pc-isdn tkyte]$ ps -auxww | grep oracleora920

[tkyte@tkyte-pc-isdn tkyte]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Sep 28 10:36:03 2002
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
idle> !ps -auxww | grep oracleora920

tkyte 19971 0.0 0.1 2196 916 pts/1 S 10:36 0:00 /bin/bash -c ps -auxww |
grep oracleora920
tkyte 19973 0.0 0.1 1736 564 pts/1 S 10:36 0:00 grep oracleora920
no process, no nothing
idle> connect /
Connected.
ora920 19974 1.5 2.2 230976 11752 ? S 10:36 0:00 oracleora920
(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grep oracleora920
got my process now...
idle> disconnect
Disconnected from Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
ora920 19974 0.6 2.3 230976 11876 ? S 10:36 0:00 oracleora920
(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
grep oracleora920
idle> select * from dual;

SP2-0640: Not connected
still have my process, but no session, the message is a little "misleading".

Technically -- I have a connection, I don't have a session
further, autotrace in sqlplus can be used to show that you can have
a) a connection
b) that uses a single process
c) to service two sessions:
ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> select username from v$session where username is not

null;
USERNAME
------------------------------
OPS$TKYTE
one session, ME
ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> select username, program from v$process;
USERNAME PROGRAM
--------------- ------------------------------------------------
PSEUDO
ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (PMON)
ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (DBW0)
ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (LGWR)
ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (CKPT)
ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (SMON)
ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (RECO)
ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (CJQ0)
ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (QMN0)
ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (S000)
ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (D000)
ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (ARC0)
tkyte oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (TNS V1-V3)
14 rows selected.
you can see all of the backgrounds and my dedicated server...
ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> set autotrace on statistics;
Autotrace for statistics uses ANOTHER session so it can query up the stats for your
CURRENT session without impacting the STATS for that session!

null;
USERNAME
------------------------------
OPS$TKYTE
OPS$TKYTE
see, two sessions but....
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
0 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
418 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
499 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
2 rows processed
USERNAME PROGRAM
--------------- ------------------------------------------------
PSEUDO
14 rows selected.
same 14 processes...
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
0 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
14 rows processed
ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM>
I'll try to put it into a single, simple paragraph:
A connection is a physical circuit between you and the database. A connection might be
one of many types -- most popular begin DEDICATED server and SHARED server. Zero, one or
more sessions may be established over a given connection to the database as show above
with sqlplus. A process will be used by a session to execute statements. Sometimes
there is a one to one relationship between CONNECTION->SESSION->PROCESS (eg: a normal
dedicated server connection). Sometimes there is a one to many from connection to
sessions (eg: like autotrace, one connection, two sessions, one process). A process does
not have to be dedicated to a specific connection or session however, for example when
using shared server (MTS), your SESSION will grab a process from a pool of processes in
order to execute a statement. When the call is over, that process is released back to
the pool of processes.
OPS$TKYTE
one session, ME
USERNAME PROGRAM
--------------- ------------------------------------------------
PSEUDO
14 rows selected.
you can see all of the backgrounds and my dedicated server...
ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> set autotrace on statistics;
Autotrace for statistics uses ANOTHER session so it can query up the stats for your
CURRENT session without impacting the STATS for that session!

null;
USERNAME
------------------------------
OPS$TKYTE
OPS$TKYTE
see, two sessions but....
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
0 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
2 rows processed
USERNAME PROGRAM
--------------- ------------------------------------------------
PSEUDO
14 rows selected.
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
0 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
14 rows processed

14 rows selected.
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
0 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
14 rows processed
Difference between a Connection and a Session
Connection: Physical path from client to Oracle instance.

Options are
1. client --connected to-- dispatcher
2. client --connected to-- dedicated server
3. client --connected to-- Oracle Connection Manager(CMAN)
Session: Logical entity in the instance. Collection of data structures represents a unique sessions. "SQL
statements are execeuted", "transactions are committed" and "stored procedures are run" in a session.
A connection may have zero or more sessions.

A session may have have zero or one connection.(zero in cases where OracleNet connection pooling is
employed and the session is idle)

Connections Vs Sessions

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A process is a physical process or thread.

A connection is a "physical circuit", a pathway to a database. You can be connected to a

[tkyte@tkyte-pc-isdn tkyte]$ ps -auxww | grep oracleora920

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Sep 28 10:36:03 2002

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

idle> !ps -auxww | grep oracleora920

got my process now...

idle> select * from dual;

still have my process, but no session, the message is a little "misleading".

ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> select username from v$session where username is not

ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> select username, program from v$process;

you can see all of the backgrounds and my dedicated server...

ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> set autotrace on statistics;

ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> select username from v$session where username is not

see, two sessions but....

ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> select username, program from v$process;

I'll try to put it into a single, simple paragraph:

ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> select username, program from v$process;

you can see all of the backgrounds and my dedicated server...

ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> set autotrace on statistics;

ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> select username from v$session where username is not

see, two sessions but....

ops$tkyte@ORA920.US.ORACLE.COM> select username, program from v$process;

I'll try to put it into a single, simple paragraph:

ora920 oracle@tkyte-pc-isdn.us.oracle.com (CKPT)

I'll try to put it into a single, simple paragraph:

Difference between a Connection and a Session

Connection: Physical path from client to Oracle instance.

A connection may have zero or more sessions.

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