On
GLOBAL WARMING
To
Submitted by
PROF. S.M.GIDAVEER
This is to certify that, MR. PAVAN PRALHAD KUNDEKAR the student of Second year
Mechanical Engineering have successfully completed the Environmental Studies project work on
“GLOBAL WARMING” in partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of Mechanical
Engineering as laid down by Shivaji University, Kolhapur during academic year 2018-2019.
Date:
Place:
Dr. S. V. Anekar
Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are greatly indebted to our guide Prof. S. M. GIDAVEER, for his unstinted support
and valuable suggestions. We are grateful to him not only for the guidance, but also for unending
patience and keeping our spirits high throughout Environmental Studies project work. We express
sincere thanks to our beloved Head of the Department, Dr. A. S. Todkar and Principal, Dr. S. V.
Anekar for being source of inspiration and providing us the different facilities to carry out work.
We extend deepest thanks to all the teaching and non teaching staff of the Department of
Mechanical Engineering of TKIET for their assistance and cooperation.
Finally, we would like to thank our parents and friends for their moral support and
encouragement throughout our academics.
Kolhapur city is a district place in the state of Maharashtra, India with population of 5, 49,283. It
is one of the emerging industrial and commercial city of Western Maharashtra. Problems of
pollution along with noise pollution are increasing with time especially due to increase in number
of vehicles for transportation. In the present study, continuous monitoring of noise levels Leq dB
(A) was carried out for three days in the month of December, 2011 at six different sites within the
Kolhapur city. On the basis of location these sites were grouped into industrial, commercial,
residential and silent zones respectively. The average noise level at industrial, commercial,
residential and silence area are 74.28 dB (A), 65.52 dB (A), 58.88 dB (A) and 50.02 dB (A)
respectively. The results showed that there is an enhanced pressure of noise at all sites due to
increase in number of vehicles and facilities of transportation. All the sites under study showed
higher sound level than the prescribed limits of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
INDEX
PAGE
SR. NO. CONTENT
NO.
1 Introduction 1-2
9 Conclusion 22
10 References 23-24
I. Introduction
While other planets in the solar system of the Earth are either
roasting hot or bitterly cold, Earth's surface has relatively mild,
steady temperatures. Earth enjoys these temperatures because
of its atmosphere, which is the thin layer of gases that cover and
protect the planet.However,97 % of climate scientists and
researchers agree that humans have changed the Earth's
atmosphere in dramatic ways over the past two centuries,
resulting in global warming. To understand global warming, it is
first necessary to become familiar with the greenhouse effect. As
Fig.1 depicts, the natural greenhouse effect normally traps some
portion of heat in such a way that our planet is safe from reaching
freezing temperatures while human enhanced greenhouse effect
leads to global warming. This is due to burning of fossil fuels
which increase the amount of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide,
methane and oxides of nitrogen) present in the atmosphere [2].
Fig.1 Types of greenhouse effects [2]
The trade of incoming and outgoing radiation that heats up the
Earth is often referred to as the greenhouse effect because a
greenhouse works in a similar way (Fig.2). Incoming ultraviolet
radiation easily passes through the glass walls of a greenhouse
and is absorbed by the plants and hard surfaces inside. Weaker
infrared radiation, however, has difficulty passing through the
glass walls and is trapped inside, therefore, warming the
greenhouse. This effect lets tropical plants prosper inside a
greenhouse, even during a cold season [2].
Fig. 2 Plants embodied in a greenhouse [3]
Fig. 6 An assessment of the relative impact and risks connected with global
warming. Five categories are assessed. The bars are colour-coded to show level
of impact/concern for each factor as a function of temperature increase [9]
Fig. 7 Recent global mean temperatures according to
NASA [10]
VI. Effects on Living Beings
Fig. 12 shows symbolically how global warming is causing the earth to melt [18]
IX. Conclusion
[4]“Greenhouse effect”,
http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/grnhse.html
, Accessed 23 May 2015.