Topics to be covered: Enterprise Structure: Company – Company Code – Plant – Storage Location
Master Data: 1. Material Master
2. Vendor Master
3. PIR (Purchasing Info Record)
4. Source List
5. Quota Assessment
6. Messages (to take printout of reports)
7. Conditions on Pricing
Inventory
Management: 1. Introduction
2. Goods Receipt
3. Goods Issue
4. Stock Transfer
5. Transfer Posting
6. Reservations
7. Physical Inventory Process
SAP Architecture:
Database Server
|
Application Server 1 Application Server 2
| |
Presentation Server 1 Pres. Server 4
Pres. Server 2 Pres. Server 5
Pres. Server 3 Pres. Server 6
Database Server has a SID (system ID) which is a 3 character alphanumeric, first
one has to be alpha.
Application Server has an instance number (ranging from 00 to 99)
Presentation Server is the Logon Pad / GUI (Graphic User Interface) where
commands are entered by users.
Application Server is used to distribute users so that database server is not
overloaded. It has an ABAP layer, which reads and processes the requests we
setup.
15/07/2012
Reports: Purchase Orders Vendor Company
Goods Receipt Material Company Code
Vendor Invoice General Ledger A/c Plant
MRP others Storage Location
| | |
Transaction Data Master Data Customization Data
For creating / generating reports, we need data like vendor, material, general
ledger account.
For getting this data, we need company structure like company name, company
code, plant, storage location, etc.
This company data / structure is customization data, which is configured by SAP
consultants.
The data (vendor, material, etc.) is called master data & the automated data (PO,
goods receipt, etc.) is called transaction data, both of which are given by business
user / end user using SAP Easy Access Screen or Front End Screen.
Data which is constant in the database for a long time is the master data. Ex:
Material Master, Vendor Master, etc.
Transaction Data records the day-by-data business information. Ex: Purchase
Order, Goods Receipt, Invoice, etc.
Any data in SAP has to be either Master Data or Transaction Data. During
implementations, Master data is created using the migration tools, mostly through
excel sheets or through other software being used by client.
SAP MM SCREENS
To begin, click on the logon pad on your desktop. If we are not able to see the
logon pad, please escalate to project lead or the local system admin saying GUI /
logon pad is not loaded.
After this, select the required server and click log-on.
Enter Client (identifies the company / client you are working on, is a number from
100 to 999)
Some of the Default or Blocked numbers are:
000 for SAP Master Client,
001 for Copy of Master Client,
066 Early Watch Clients for SAP,
800 for Training Client (in real-time, called SANDBOX)
Enter User / Password (for example, FIUSER1 / ind123456)
By default, language is set to English but can be changeable to whichever language
is available in the SAP system.
After logging on, the first screen we get is the SAP Easy Access Screen, where
reports, transaction data are created.
For every activity/business transaction in SAP, we have both a navigational path
and a transaction code (shortcut). By default, every/any activity in SAP has a
transaction code.
Mapping client data to SAP system is implementation. Mapping can be done by
customization or ABAP.
Client data mapping can be done by Customization, ABAP or Enhancement. If not
the above, then client has to change the business process.
While mapping / creating the system, try to configure / customize to the maximum
extent possible.
ENTERPRISE STRUCTURE:
Company
Company Code 1 Company Code 2
Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 Plant 4
-Storage1 - Store3 - Store5 - Stor7
-Store 2 -Store4 - Store6 - Stor8
Company & Company Code are created by FI/CO, whereas Plant / Storage codes
are created by MM consultants.
Purchase Organization (where we need to create the purchase order) is created by
MM consultant and can be created at company, company code or plant level.
Creation of Plant:
Navigational Path: SPRO – IMG – Enterprise Structure – Definition – Logistics
General – Define, Copy, Delete, Check Plant.
Click on Execute icon; when you get the options to choose, double click on
"define plant".
Go to New Entries, enter all the required plant details, including factory
calendar, address, plant name, etc. [Factory calendar is defined by either HR
or PP consultants]. After everything, click on save. Repeat these steps for all
the plants.
Assignment:
Assign Company Code to Company:
Navigational Path: SPRO – IMG – Enterprise Structure – Assignment –
Financial Accounting – Assign Company Code to Company. Click on execute
and enter the required details. [In real time, this is done by FI/CO
consultants].
Material Number is the unique code for a particular material, which when defined
by the system will be internal (number range is 1000 to 1999), whereas if user-
defined will be external (Alpha-numeric range is 2000 to 2999).
Industry Sector is the industrial area in which the company operates, for instance,
retail, pharmaceutical, etc.
Material Type defines what kind of material is being maintained. SAP has several
predefined Standard Material Types, for instance,
ROH – Raw Material,
FERT – Finished Material,
HALB – Semi Finished,
HAWA – Trading Goods,
VERP – Packing Material,
UNBW – Non Valuated Material,
NLAG – Non-Stock Material and others.
Organizational Element includes company code, plant, storage location and others.
*** [Note: Before creating any material, please complete company code settings
for material management and also update the settings for Material Type for
each material that you want to use/define.] ***
CREATION OF MATERIAL MASTER (Tc = MM01):
Navigational Path: SAP Easy Access – Logistics – Material Management – Material
Master – Material – Create (General) – MM01 Immediately. Click on Immediate.
Enter Material Number, Industry Sector & Material Type. Click Enter and select the
types of VIEWS needed (for instance, Basic Data, Purchasing, General Plant
Data/Storage, Accounting, etc.).
[Note:
1. If we leave the material number field blank the system will generate material
number internally automatically.
2. We can also choose some of these views to be default views when creating the
material master. To do so, choose the views that are needed and click on Default
Views tab at the bottom of the pop-up window.
3. For each Material Type that we use ensure that the Material type attributes
are defined for quantity / value updating for each plant defined.]
After selecting the VIEWS, enter the organizational info (i.e. plant & storage
location) in the pop-up window for which you are creating the material
master. A Material Master is specific to a particular storage location.
First, we get the Basic Data VIEW Sub Screens. Whether it's internal or
external Material Number, enter the description of the Material. [Within the
Sub Screens, the fields marked with the tick-mark are required – mandatory –
fields. Material Group needs to be defined in real-time based on client
requirement.] Basic Unit of Measure and Material Group are mandatory
fields in Basic Data 1 Screen. Old Material Number pertains to the material
number/code already being used by the client. External Material Group
refers to the Vendor Material Group, if the vendor has one. Division is
Production Line information (optional). Product Allocation shows any parts
allocation for particular work/client (these two divisions & product allocation
are maintained by SD consultants). X Plant Material Status shows any
particular value for the material. Normally, other values are not required in
this screen.
Once done with entering all the required information, pressing “enter” key
will take you to the next selected VIEW.
Now, we get the Purchasing VIEW sub screens. In this tab, order unit and
purchasing group fields are mandatory. Order Unit shows the purchase order
unit (for instance, kilogram, tons, liters, gallons, etc.). Purchasing Group
refers to the unit / division / department which is ordering / selling the
material. To show the relation between Order Units and Basic Unit of
Measure, click Additional Data tab at the top of the screen, select Convert
Factors to maintain the relation. In other words, this will show how many
basic units make up one order unit. Click on arrow button once done. Again
click on Additional Data; now we see the description option where we get
the option to select a different language for the description field. Unit of
Measure defines the relationship between the order unit and basic unit of
measure? Purchasing Value Key holds the various purchasing reminders and
shipping tolerances. It also gives option for acknowledgement requirement
or not for the material shipment. GR Processing Time shows the time taken
for material to be sold from the time it is received. It is always in days. Post
to Inspection Stock, if selected, will ensure material is flagged for Quality
Inspection. Source List shows the source / vendor from where we get the
material.
Once done entering all the required information, click on enter key to go to
the next VIEW.
All the information in the Purchase Data / Storage VIEW is maintained by
WM consultants. Click next for the next VIEW.
Next VIEW is the Accounts view sub screen, where we need to define the
price for valuation purposes. Valuation Class is a link between material and
General Ledger account. Normally, it is maintained as 3000. Price Control has
two options moving and standard price (this price is used only for valuation
purposes). Enter the price either moving or standard and click on the save
button at the top. This completes creating one material master record for
material only. Repeat these steps for all the material in all storage locations.
An Account Group is created to club different types of vendors under their specific
category, for instance, stationary, bulk, local, exporters, importers, etc.
Configuration of Vendor Master
1. Creation of Account Group:
Navigational Path: SPRO – IMG – Logistics General – Business Partner – Vendors
– Control – Define Account Groups and Field Selection (Vendor): Click on
execute.
Go to New Entries,
- enter Account Group (user-defined, so has to start with Y or Z, ex. YS),
- Double click on general data, select the required field to be
displayed/suppressed/required/optional,
- Once done click on save.
- Repeat the steps for the required number of account groups for each
organization.
[Note: Any user-defined group name has to start with Y or Z in SAP. Inco-terms
are international standard delivery terms of goods / services by vendors.]
UNBLOCK VENDORS:
This is used to remove the block. Enter the required details and deselect the check
boxes.
SOURCE LIST
It is the list of possible suppliers based on material by plant location.
2. If the Purchasing Department sees that there is no stock available, they send a
Request for Quotation to possible vendors from the source list for that material /
good.
3. Vendors, based on need, send their Quotations, which is entered in the SAP
system by the Purchase Department.
4. Then they compare the Quotation/Prices and finalize the vendor for the supply.
5. Once finalized, Purchase Department sends the Purchase Order to the selected
vendor. (This is done after approval process for the Purchase Order which will be
covered later.)
CREATION OF PURCHASE REQUISITION:
(Note: Standard Document type for Purchase Requisition is NB) Any document is
divided into Header, Item Overview, Item Description and Document Overview
on/off parts.
Navigational Path: SAP Easy Access – Logistics – Material Management –
Purchasing – Purchase Requisition
-ME51N (Create);
-ME52N (Change);
-ME53N (Display).
Select ME51N (if source determination check box is selected, then the
vendor information is updated automatically if the material has a fixed
vendor).
Under Header, we normally do not maintain anything in Purchase
Requisition.
Now open Item Overview & Enter material number and other required info
(like required quantity, required by date, etc.). The information we enter in
the Item Overview is automatically split into several tab formulated
information. The pricing in the Purchase Requisition is taken from valuation
tab in the material master; it is not the final/purchase price but only an
indicator of the approximate cost for the total material. The other
information for material and vendor is taken from material master and
vendor master respectively. Master Data, Quantities/Date, Valuation, Source
of Supply, Status, Contact Person, Texts and Delivery Address are the
different tabs that we find at the bottom.
Click the 'check' button at the top. If no errors found, save the data.
24/07/2012
CREATION OF REQUEST FOR QUOTATION (RFQ):
Navigational Path: SAP Easy Access – Logistics – Material Management –
Purchasing – RFQ / Quotation – Request for Quotation – ME41 Create (ME42 –
Change; ME43 – Display). **Standard document type for RFQ is AN. **
Click ME41 Create.
Enter Quotation deadline date which is the last date quotations should be
received from vendors.
Enter Purchase Organization, Purchase Group, Plant and Storage Location
information.
Click on Reference to Purchase Requisition button at the top.
Enter the Purchase Requisition number, if not enter plant and material
number the system will generate PR-No.
Click on continue.
Enter collective number (10-character alphanumeric; will be based on
material type).
Press enter and select the purchase requisition that we entered above.
Click the 'Adopt + Details' button at the top and press enter to transfer the
details to RFQ.
Click on Vendor Details. Select the required vendor and click on save.
OUTLINE AGREEMENTS
Outline agreements are broadly divided into two types: Contracts (Quantity &
Value) and Scheduling Agreements. These are agreements between companies
and vendors for supply of material / service at a benefit for both parties.
In a Quantity Contract, we maintain validity period of the contract, target quantity
to be delivered within that period, type of material, vendor information and
pricing information.
In a Value Contract, we maintain everything in a Quantity Contract except that in
place of target quantity to be delivered it the target material value that has to be
reached in the given period.
In a Scheduling Agreement, Quantity is predefined and staggered delivery dates
are sent to the vendor for delivery of the material. These dates can be set either
automatically thru MRP or maintained manually. For this delivery, we need to
maintain Schedule Line, which includes all the relevant information like material,
vendor, target delivery dates, etc.
Standard Document Type for Quantity Contract is “MK”.
Standard Document Type for Value Contract is “WK”.
Standard Document Type for Scheduling Agreement is “LP”.
25/07/2012
CREATION OF CONTRACT:
Navigation Path: SAP Easy Access – Logistics – Material Management – Purchasing
– Outline Agreement – Contract
Click on ME31K Create (ME32K – Change & ME33K – Display)
Enter Vendor Number and choose type of contract (quantity or value).
Leave the agreement number field blank as it is generated internally.
Enter Purchasing Organization, Plant, Storage Location & Purchasing Group
and press enter.
Enter Validity Period and press enter.
Now, enter Material Number, Target Quantity, Unit of Measure and Net Price
if different than the Quotation.
Press enter and save.
OPTIMIZATION OF PURCHASING
Step 1: Based on Requirement/MRP
Purchase Requisition is created, which is assigned to a supplier / vendor.
(This assignment is done either manually or by quota arrangement or by fixed
vendor)
Step 3: Send Purchase Order to Vendor automatically (this is also called output
determination).
Step 5: Convert Purchase Requisition to Purchase Order (Must have fixed vendor
for the material)
Navigational Path: SAP Easy Access – Logistics – Material Management –
Purchasing – Purchase Order – Create
Go to ME58N Auto from Purchase Requisition.
Enter the requisite level (company code, plant, etc.) where Purchase Order
needs to be created.
Click on execute and any Purchase Requisitions pending will be auto
converted to Purchase Orders.
[NOTE: Once Purchase Order is created, if vendor communication is automatic
then the POs are sent to vendors automatically.]
Step 3: Release Code (Level at which the PO is approved. Possible to have 8 levels,
each level is a release code. However, in real time normally we use max up to 3 or
4 levels).
Ex: Code 10 – Manager Level
Code 20 – CEO Level
Step 4: Release Prerequisite (defines the preconditions for the release code levels)
Ex: For Code 20 release, is it mandatory to have code 10 release it first or not.
2. Edit Class:
Enter the Class name (for example, SD).
Choose Class Type 032 (release strategy).
Click on Create on the right side.
- Enter a short description.
- Click on Char tab and assign the characteristics defined earlier.
- Click on Save.
** 3. Entry aids for Items without Material Master. (Important): Click on execute.
Enter the Material Group and assign the valuation class & purchasing value
key.
Save.
c. Release Procedure: (is the same as described for Purchase Order earlier).
Types of Stock: The stock/material is broadly divided into three types in SAP:
Unrestricted, Quality and Blocked.
If the stock/material is of unrestricted type, it can be sent/consumed by
anybody.
If the stock/material is tagged as Quality stock, then before consumption it
has to clear quality check.
The stock/material which might go to scrap or out of use & needs to be sent
back to vendor, then it is the Blocked.
The movement of these three types of stock between each type is called Transfer
Posting. Theoretically, both stock transfer and transfer posting are different but in
SAP both are dealt in the same way.
When we move any goods/material in SAP, there are two types of documents
generated by the system:
1. Material document: Related to proof of quantity change.
2. Accounting document: Related to proof of value change due to the
movement of goods / material.
[Note: For any organization valuation (goods / material / service) can be done at
either company code level or plant level. Normally, valuation is done at plant
level only.]
Ex: In the organization structure (with 2 company codes, 4 plants each having 2
storage locations), the storage location 1 under plant 1 has about 100 items. Now,
if we are going to move some of this material to storage location, the plant level
valuation will remain the same as the plant still has those 100 items. This type of
movement where the movement is equal or below the total number of goods /
material between storage locations under same plant is called "Non-Valuated
Movement of Goods".
For initial stock update, the following accounting indices will be generated:
1. Debit (Dr) Inventory Raw Material.
2. Credit (Cr) Inventory Taking.
07/08/2012
GOODS ISSUE:
Once we receive the goods, it is possible to issue in the following ways:
1. Production – Movement type: 261 (for this, we need to complete PP
configuration / integration with MM).
2. Customer – Movement type: 601 (for this, we need to complete SD
configuration / integration with MM).
3. Cost Center (Dept. expenses) – Movement Type: 201 (for this, we need to
complete / integrate CO).
[Production & customer goods issue will be covered later).
Once done, verify that the following documents are reflecting correct information.
1. Material Document.
2. Accounting Document.
3. Stock update (using MMBE transaction code).
Scraping of Material:
Go to Transaction code 'MB1A'.
Enter movement type as 551 (withdrawal for scrapping).
Enter plant & storage location info and press enter.
Enter the material number, quantity and cost center code & press enter.
{If you get an error message 'Account determination for entry INT GBB ____
VNG 3000 not possible', follow the solution given below: Go to Transaction
Code 'OBYC'.
Double-click on GBB and enter chart of accounts as 'INT'. Click on continue.
Enter '<blank> VNG 3000 400001 400001' in the columns at the bottom of the
table. Press enter and click on save.
Go to Transaction Code KA01 to create cost element 400001.
Make sure the controlling area is correct, enter the cost element and click on
save. } “Press enter once again and if no errors, click on save.”
Once done, verify that the following documents are reflecting correct information.
1. Material Document.
2. Accounting Document.
3. Stock update (using MMBE transaction code).
In the accounting document the following indices will be updated
- Debit (Dr) Inventory Raw Material.
- Credit (Cr) Inventory Scrap.
Stock Transfer from one Storage Location to another Storage Location:
[Note: For this, material should be created/available at both the locations.]
First, check the particular stock at the first storage location with Trans code
MMBE.
Go to Transaction Code 'MIGO'.
Select A08 Transfer Posting; R10 Other and movement type 311 (Transfer
within plant).
Enter the Material Number & Storage Location for both FROM and
DESTINATION fields in Transfer Posting tab.
Enter quantity to be transferred and press enter.
Press check and if no errors, click on post/save.
Once done, verify that the following documents are reflecting correct information.
1. Material Document.
2. Accounting Document*.
3. Stock update (using MMBE transaction code).
For this transaction, there should not be any accounting document generated.
Stock Transfer from Plant to Plant (One Step): Go to Transaction Code 'MIGO'.
Select A08 Transfer Posting; R10 Other & Movement type – 301 Transfer
from Plant to Plant.
Enter the Material Number & plant info in the FROM & DESTINATION fields in
the Transfer Posting tab.
Enter the quantity to be transferred and press enter.
Press check and if no errors, click on post/save.
Once done, verify that the following documents are reflecting correct information.
1. Material Document.
2. Accounting Document.
3. Stock update (using MMBE transaction code).
Stock Transfer from Plant to Plant (Two Step): Go to Transaction Code 'MIGO'.
Step1 - Stock removed from Supplying plant.
Select A08 Transfer Posting; R10 Other & Movement Type 303.
Enter Material, plant and quantity in the Transfer Posting tab.
Press check and if no errors, click on post/save.
Step2 - Stock received from stock in transit to receiving plant.
Select A08 Transfer Posting; R10 Other & Movement Type 305.
Enter Material, plant and quantity in the Transfer Posting tab.
Press check and if no errors, click on post / save.
Once done, verify that the following documents are reflecting correct information.
1. Material Document.
2. Accounting Document.
3. Stock update (using MMBE transaction code).
08/08/2012
Stock Transfer from Plant to Plant using Stock Transfer Order:
[Note: For this, we need to create a new vendor which would be assigned to the
supplying plant.]
1. Create Vendor: Go to Transaction Code XK01.
Create a new vendor using your company code, purchase org, etc., till the
Conditions tab.
Go to Entries – Additional Purchasing Data at the top.
In the pop-up window, enter the plant code for which you want to assign
this vendor.
Click on continue and then click on save.
3. Goods Issue from the Supplying Plant using the STO: Go to Transaction
Code 'MIGO'.
Select A07 Goods Issue; R01 Purchase Order & Movement Type351
Transfer to Stock in Transit.
Enter the STO number in the PO order number box.
Click Item Ok box and press check. If no errors, click on post/save.
Once done, verify that the following documents are reflecting correct information.
1. Material Document.
2. Accounting Document.
3. Stock update (using MMBE transaction code) – stock should be
showing in 'Stock in Transit' column.
4. Goods Receipt into receiving plant from Stock in Transit: Go to Transaction
Code 'MIGO'.
Select A01 Goods Receipt; R01 Purchase Order & movement type 101
Goods Receipt.
Enter the STO number in the PO order number box.
Click Item Ok box and press check. If no errors, click on post/save.
Once done, verify that the following documents are reflecting correct information.
1. Material Document.
2. Accounting Document.
3. Stock update (using MMBE transaction code) – stock should be
showing in 'Stock Available' column.
Once done, verify that the Material Document reflects the correct info by going to
transaction code 'MB03'.
With Movement Type 702, the stock will be reduced from the system.
With Movement Type 701, the stock will be increased.
Go to Accounting Document & ensure the following indices are reflected correctly.
1. Credit (Cr.) Inventory Raw Material.
2. Debit (Dr.) Losses - Inventory.
Check the stock: using the transaction code MMBE. The stock should now show
with the reduced / increased quantity.
SUBCONTRACTING PROCESS
In order to procure / produce a finished good, if we provide the raw material /
components required to produce the finished good to vendor / contractor and pay
him a contract fee for production, then this process is called subcontracting. In a
Purchase Order, 'Item Category' option shows by which method we are purchasing
the material.
Example:
A Finished Good (FG-X) 1 Piece |
| | This information is
---------------------------------------------------------- | maintained in
10 Pieces of 10 Pieces of | Bill of Material (BOM).
Raw Material-X Raw Material-Y |
In other words, it takes 10 pieces of RMX and 10 pieces of RMY to produce 1 piece
of FGX. If we provide the raw material to the contractor / vendor to produce the
finished good and pay him a production / contract fee, then the contractor /
vendor becomes a subcontractor.
3. Maintain stock: using the initial stock update 'MB1C' transaction code discussed
earlier.
10/08/2012
4. Create Bill of Material:
Navigational Path: SAP Easy Access – Logistics – Production – Master Data – Bills of
Material – Bill of Material – Material BOM or go to Transaction Code CS01 Create
(CS02 Change & CS03 Display).
Enter the Finished Goods material, plant, BOM usage and date valid from
info in the fields and press enter.
(BOM USAGE field is normally either universal or production but can also be
anyone in the list).
Enter the raw material required info in the table columns along with the
quantity required. Click on Save.
CONSIGNMENT PROCESS
Configuration setting for consignment process
Navigational Path: SPRO – IMG – Enterprise Structure – Assignment – Materials
Management – Assign Standard Purchasing Organization to Plant (this option is
used only for consignment): Click on execute.
Enter plant info in the pop-up box and click on continue.
Enter the Purchasing Organization for your plant. Press enter and save.
[Check the stock using transaction code MMBE both before & after creating the
Indirect PO. You will notice that the stock quantity for the material remains the
same.]
Purchasing of Services
1. Create a Service Master:
Navigational Path: SAP Easy Access – Logistics – Materials Management – Service
Master – AC03 – Service Master
Double-click on AC03 and go to Create (blank sheet icon) at the top.
Enter the name of the service in the Activity Number field.
Select SERV in the Service Category field.
Select hourly in the Base Unit of Measure field.
Enter 007 in the Mat / Srv. Grp. field.
Enter 3200 in the Valuation Class field.
Enter a short description of the kind of service this field describes in the long
text field at the bottom. Click on save.
We can confirm the services done by displaying the PO using Transaction Code
ME23N.
15/08/2012
PRICING PROCEDURE
This is primarily used to maintain purchasing price based on different
conditions/values. For maintaining the purchasing price, there are normally the
following three options.
- Purchasing Info Record (used 70% to 80%).
- Manually (rarely used).
- Pricing Procedure (used 20% to 25%).
Access is where we define the grouping of Fields for Conditional Records. For
instance, for the above example, Access can be set based on Customer & Plant or
Material & Order Quantity types together or any other combination of these
Fields.
To illustrate with an example:
We define a ‘Pricing procedure’ depending upon the Vendor & the P.Org.
Condition Types Access Accesses
Sequence
A1—Plant + Material
Vendor If ZCT1 (Gross Price) ZAS1
(V1) A2—Order Qty + Mtrl
+ ZPP
+
Our P.Org
(COPO) is our ZAS2 A3—Vendor (10% disc)
ZCT2 (Discount)
Pricing
Procedure. A4—vendor + Material
A1, A2, A3 & A4 are Accesses and their combinations are Condition Records.
For Vendor V1 & P.Org COPO, if Plant & Material are the conditions, then
the Access is A1 & Access Seq. should be either ZAS1 or ZAS2 and price
should be ZCT1 + ZCT2.
b. Enter Condition Type for Discount and click on Key Combination option.
Select the 'Vendor' radio button in the pop-up and click on
continue.
Enter Purchasing Organization, Vendor and discount percentage.
Press enter and click on save.
To
<Vendor>
<Address>
<Address>
Sl.No. Material Plant Quantity Price
xoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxo
For creating this layout, MM consultants need to design the following process.
Purchase Order <-----------> Output Type ----------------------- Layout & Print Program.
4. Partner Roles per Message Types: Define Partner Roles for Purchase Order.
Click on Execute and enter the output type.
Click on save and check if the output type is listed or not.
To test the output scenario, create a Purchase Order and before releasing the
Order, click on Messages tab & check the Print Preview option at the top. To check
the printout, go to SP01 and click on execute after entering the required info.
18/08/2012
SPLIT VALUATION
Split Valuation is used only for material valuation price. It will enable us to set
different valuation prices for the same material at same plant. To ensure this is
possible, we need to create different valuation types for each price point.
To test the split valuation method: Create a Purchase Order for this material.
Go to Transaction code ME21N and create a PO as explained previously.
Enter the Valuation Type when prompted, press check and click on save.
Create Goods Receipt for the PO just created.
Go to Transaction Code 'MIGO' and enter PO number, check and save.
Check the stock using Transaction Code 'MMBE'. The stock should be
reflected under 'On-Stock'.
Goods Issue to Cost Center using Transaction Code 'MIGO' and again check
stock using 'MMBE'.
MM -- FI/CO INTEGRATION PROCESS
The main purpose of integration of Materials Management module with
Finance/Controlling is to get the G/L accounts updated automatically when
changes are made in MM. For this we need to have the following info/groups
updated.
1. Valuation Grouping Code: If we want to have different G/L accounts for each
plant, then we need to assign different valuation grouping codes to each plant. On
the other hand, if we want to have only one G/L acct for all plants, then we can
also assign only on valuation grouping code for all plants.
2. Valuation Class: This class will group the different material into categories for
G/L posting purposes. For instance, if we have 10,000 different materials then we
need to define / categorize them into different valuation types and assign each
valuation type to a valuation class. These classes cannot be assigned directly to the
materials it has to be done through the 'Account Category Reference' type.
To test: Create a material with the material type referenced above. For this, go to
transaction code MM01 and complete setting up the material as explained
previously. Then, create a Purchase Order for the material created using
transaction code ME21N as explained previously. Now, when you do Goods
Receipt using transaction code 'MIGO' against the Purchase Order created, you
should get an error message which says "Account determination for entry INT BSX
___ ___ <valuation class name> not possible." This error occurs because we have
not yet assigned a G/L account to the valuation class we created earlier.
D. Master Data:
1. Click on Define MRP Controllers.
Enter the Plant info and click on save.
Click on back button.
After MRP configuration, we need to complete the following before running MRP.
Create Material with MRP VIEWS
Go to Transaction Code MM01.
Enter the required information to create a material as explained previously.
Select MRP 1 and MRP 2 VIEWS in addition to the 4 VIEWS normally selected.
In MRP 1 tab, enter VB (Manual Reorder Point Planning) in MRP Type field.
Reorder Point suggests the minimum quantity required to be
maintained for the material.
MRP controller is the one who is responsible for running MRP.
Lot Size is the minimum quantity required to be ordered from the
vendor. This is a dynamic field.
(If we choose EX - Lot for Lot Quantity it would ensure that the material is ordered
after reducing the current stock on hand, whereas if we choose FX - Fixed Quantity
it will allow for the material to be ordered in the quantity specified or multiples
thereof of the quantity.)
In MRP 2 tab, we need to maintain the shipping and delivery processing
times.
BATCH MANAGEMENT
Batch Management is more relevant and important for SD & PP modules than
MM. First In First Out (FIFO) is an important concept in Batch Management. Batch
Management determines which production batch the stock belongs to / comes
from. It is a further division of stock management.
Batch Number is a 10 character alphanumeric field which most of the time consists
of plant code, shift code, time and particular production batch code numbers. To
ensure that Batch Management is implemented correctly, stock should reflect as 0,
i.e., there should not be any stock for material which needs to have the Batch
Management implemented. If there is any stock, it should be transferred to a
dummy material type and after implementing Batch Management the stock can be
transferred back to its original material type.
Configuration of Batch Management Settings
Navigational Path: SPRO - IMG - Logistics General - Batch Management
Company
MM side | SD side
| |
Company Code 1 Company Code 2
| | |
Plant 1 Plant 2 Sales Organization
| | | | |
Storage Storage Storage Storage Distribution Channel
Location 1 Location 2 Location 3 Location 4 |
Division
Note: Sales Organization, Distribution Channel and Division together make up the Sales Area.
Shipping Point (Point of Delivery to customer) is assigned to Delivery Plant.
Sales Organization is similar to Plant and Distribution Channel is similar to Storage Location.
Division is Line of Product (ex: Two-Wheeler, Three-Wheeler, Four-Wheeler, etc.).
SYSTEM LANDSCAPING
System landscaping refers to the system architecture followed by consultants
while implementing SAP at client place. Normally a 3-System landscape is
followed, in which 3 SAP R/3 systems are configured into one system. This is called
Transport Management System which is done by Basis consultants.
In development, we can have different clients (like, 100 Customization, 200 ABAP
development, 300 Unit testing, etc.) but not on other servers. On the testing and
production servers we can only see the GUI / user screens not the customization
screens.
All the customization / development that a functional or technical consultant does
is stored or captured in the Transport Request, which has a 10 character
alphanumeric code. The transport request is transported from development server
to the testing server either by functional consultants or by basis consultants
whereas from testing to production server is done only by Basis consultants.
To transport the request, we use the Transaction Code SE09 or SE10.
ABAP
ABAP is programming the SAP system to get the end results that is not possible to
get by configuration / customization using the available transaction codes. This
process includes the following steps.
- Data Migration using BDCs.
- Reports.
- SAP Script / Smart Forms.
- Dialog Programming.
- Cross Applications.
- User Exits / BADIs.
In these, the first three are the ones consultants mostly use. Dialog Programming
is used to develop own transaction codes when client / company does not want to
use existing transaction code types. This type of programming is hardly used in
real-time (about 5%).
Cross Applications, like ALE / EDI, is a sort of programming to transfer data from
one SAP client to another SAP client or from one SAP client to another non-SAP
client. This is used mostly in cases where information needs to be sent to parties /
vendors / customers outside the company.
User Exits / BADIs are used to change the basic behavior of the standard SAP
programs to get the end result required by the client / company.
30/08/2012
Configuration of Inventory Management
Navigational Path: SPRO - IMG - Materials Management - Inventory Management
and Physical Inventory.
1. Plant Parameters.
o Click on Execute.
o Select '1000' company code from the list and click on 'Copy As…'
button at the top.
o Change the plant name to your own plant name.
o Press enter and click on save.
o Select the line item and go to 'Details' button at the top.
o Here, we see different options listed for the plant.
o Check and save.
3. Number Assignment.
a. Define Number Assignment for Accounting Documents.
o Click on Execute.
o In the 'Set up Document Type' subgroup, click on 'Financial
Accounting Document Type'.
o Select 'RE Gross Invoice Receipt' line item and go to 'Details'
button at the top.
o Click on Number Range Information option.
o Enter Company Code and click on 'Interval Change' option.
o Now, select 'WA' type and click on 'Details' button at the top.
o Here, you will see the number range assignment.
o Check the number range exists as displayed in the first screen
and click on back button.
o In the 'Allocating Doc type to Transactions' subgroup, click on
'Goods Issue Doc type'.
o Do/check the assignment of document type to goods issue type
and click on back button.
o Click on 'Goods Receipt Document Type'.
o Do/check the assignment of document type to goods issue type
and click on back button.
o Click on Physical Inventory Document Type.
o Do/check the assignment of document type to goods issue type
and click on back button.
o Click on Save and back button.
4. Settings for Enjoy Transactions. [Note: These are settings for Goods
Movements (MIGO)]
a. Field Selection for MIGO.
o Click on Execute.
o Select the Required/Optional/Display/Suppress options for
different fields listed.
o Click on save and click on back button.
b. Field Selection per Movement Type.
o Click on Execute.
o Select Required/Optional radio buttons for each movement
type to be displayed for MIGO.
o Click on save and click on back button.
Step 3: Realization.
o Here, consultants start the customization/configuration of the system as
per the blue print. They will also do the unit testing, development
modules for ABAP and transfer to Testing Server.
o On the Testing Server they do the integration test, user acceptance test,
end-user testing and others to test viability.
Step 4: Final Preparation.
o In this step, before going live but after finalization of dates, all the data
(Customization, ABAP development, Master Data & Transaction Data) is
uploaded one-by-one to the Production Server and initial usage by “End-
user” takes place.
Step 5: Go Live.
o Here, all systems go live and end users need to complete all transactions
in SAP.
Procure-to-pay
Purchase orders
Subcontracting
External services
Reporting
Vendor master
Source list
Quota arrangement
Messages
Scheduling agreements
Invoicing plans
Goods issues
Stock transfers
Reservations
Consignments
Physical inventory
Availability check
Transaction types
Messages
Price control
Account determination
Split valuation
Lot-size calculation
Planning run
Planning result
Credit memos
Automatic settlement
Adjustments
Freight invoices
Blocked invoices
Material type
Field selection