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WHAT ARE COMPOSITES?
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FACTORS IN CREATING COMPOSITES
Factors in creating composites:
– Matrix material
– Reinforcement material
→ control
or design
properties
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CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITES
Composite materials are commonly classified at following
two distinct levels:
1. The first level of classification: is usually made with respect
to the matrix constituent. The major composite classes
include Organic Matrix Composites (OMCs), Metal Matrix
Composites (MMCs) and Ceramic Matrix Composites
(CMCs). The term organic matrix composite is generally
assumed to include two classes of composites, namely
Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) and carbon matrix
composites commonly referred to as carbon-carbon
composites.
2. The second level of classification: refers to the
reinforcement form - fibre reinforced composites, laminar
composites and particulate composites. Fibre reinforced
composites can be further divided into those containing
discontinuous or continuous fibres.
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CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MATRIX PHASE
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2.ROLE OF MATRIX
The primary roles of the matrix alloy then are to provide
efficient transfer of load to the fibers and to blunt cracks in
the event that fiber failure occurs and so the matrix alloy
for continuously reinforced composites may be chosen
more for toughness than for strength.
On this basis, lower strength, more ductile, and tougher
matrix alloys may be utilized in continuously
reinforced composites.
For discontinuously reinforced composites, the
matrix may govern composite strength.
Then, the choice of matrix will be influenced by
consideration of the required composite strength
and higher strength matrix alloys may be required.
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FUNCTIONS OF MATRIX
In a composite material, the matrix material serves
the following functions:
Holds the fibres together.
Protects the fibres from environment.
Distributes the loads evenly between fibres so that all
fibres are subjected to the same amount of strain.
Enhances transverse properties of a laminate.
Improves impact and fracture resistance of a component.
Helps to avoid propagation of crack growth through the
fibres by providing alternate failure path along the
interface between the fibres and the matrix.
Carry interlaminar shear.
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POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES
(PMC)/CARBON MATRIX
COMPOSITES
Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) consist
of a polymer resin as the matrix, with fibers
as the reinforcement medium.
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METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES
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CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES
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CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
REINFORCEMENTS
Laminar Composites
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FIBER REINFORCED
COMPOSITES/FIBRE REINFORCED
POLYMER (FRP) COMPOSITES
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GLASS FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER
(GFRP) COMPOSITES
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CARBON FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER
(CFRP) COMPOSITES
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ARAMID FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER
COMPOSITES
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CARBON–CARBON COMPOSITES
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HYBRID COMPOSITES
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PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES
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LARGE-PARTICLE AND DISPERSION-
STRENGTHENED COMPOSITES
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LAMINAR COMPOSITES
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COMMON CATEGORIES OF COMPOSITE
MATERIALS BASED ON FIBRE LENGTH
1. Fibers as the reinforcement (Fibrous Composites):
a. Random fiber (short fiber) reinforced
composites
b. Continuous fiber (long fiber) reinforced
composites
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CONTINUED……
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CONTINUOUS
COMPOS Discontinuous
ITE Composite
Matrix (binder)
Aligned (random)
Reinforcement (fiber)
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Continued……
2. Particles as the reinforcement
(Particulate composites):
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Continued……
3. Flat flakes as the reinforcement (Flake
composites):
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Continued……
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WHY COMPOSITES?
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