Effect of Artificial Sand on Compressive Strength and Workability of

Concrete in Replacement
ABSTRACT
This paper give the experimental study of optimum replacement of natural sand with artificial
sand in concrete Concrete may be a combine proportion of cement, sand and mixture. The
strength of mixture can have an effect on on the strength of concrete. today we tend to face a
drag because of deficiency of natural sand. thence it's necessary to search out appropriate
substitute for natural sand. the synthetic sand is one among the appropriate substitutes to
natural sand. Artificial sand is created from quires stone device. that is specially ready thus
on get swish rough , well hierarchal particles. Artificial sand is reasonable and simply on the
market in native areas. For the aim of experimentation concrete mixes ar style for M20, M25,
M30, M35 and M40 grades by zero to 100 percent replacement with increment of twenty
attempt to in essential zone the increment is of fifty for Compressive, tensile and flexural
strength.

India may be a developing country taken associate initiative on developing infrastructure to

satisfy the necessities of globalisation within the construction of structures. Concrete is that
the solely material to meet this demand & supply; volume of concrete consumed by the
development trade is incredibly massive. A volume of concrete is comprised of sand,
aggregate, cement, water & admixtures as needed. The fine aggregates or sand used is
typically obtained from natural sources specially stream beds or stream banks.
The paper presents review of analysis work on effects of artificial sand on compressive
strength and workability of concrete. a short outline of the foremost important investigations
on the behavior of concrete by substitution natural sand with artificial sand because of that
environmental and social issues arise because of acute shortage of natural sand are overcome.

Introduction:-
Concrete could be a main constituent of the structures. we have a tendency to cannot
imagine the structures while not concrete. It becomes the backbone of infrastructural
development of whole world. Natural sand is usually used as fine mixture in concrete. it's
fashioned attributable to natural weathering of rocks over an amount of million years. within
the last ten years, it's become clear that the provision of fine quality natural sand is
decreasing. Natural sand is mostly obtained from the river bed through mining operation.
Attributable to giant use of natural sand as fine aggregates in concrete, it’s obtaining depleted
and its sources too. Thence not solely in Bharat however worldwide there's restriction on
sand mining from watercourse beds to stay the setting in natural condition and conserve the
natural resources for property development. the most affordable & best different to
natural sand is producing sand by crushing stones in desired size & grade by appropriate
methodology. Sand made by such suggests that is understood as artificial or factory-made
sand. This paper presents the results of experimental investigation of partial and full
replacement of natural sand by artificial sand. During this paper, comparative result has been
made on compressive strength & workability of concrete with varied proportions. The
results show that concrete with factory-made sand shows higher compressive strength
whereas workability diminished with increasing proportion of factory-made sand.
there's insufficiency of natural sand attributable to serious demand in growing
construction activities that forces to search out the acceptable substitute. the most affordable
and therefore the simplest way of obtaining substitute for natural sand is by crushing natural
stone to induce artificial sand of desired size and grade which might be free from all
impurities. For the aim of experimentation concrete mixes are designed for M20, M30 and
M40 grades by 100 % replacement of natural sand to artificial sand. the substitute sand
concrete is bolstered with crimpled steel fibers at the indefinite quantity rate of volume
fraction third, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% and its mechanical properties specifically cube
compressive strength, flexural strength and split lastingness are bestowed within the paper.

Experimental Investigation
Materials:-
CEMENT
Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grades confirming to IS 12269-1987 was used. The physical
properties are-
1. Specific gravity 3.12
2. Soundness 1.20 mm
3. Initial setting time 167 minute
4. Final setting time 255 minute
5. Normal Consistency 31%
6. Fineness m3/ Kg 320
7. 28 days compressive strength 58.25 MPa

Fine Aggregate:-
Artificial sand:-
Quarry Dust:-
Quarry dust may be a by-product that is created within the process of granite
stone that is countermined into a rough mixture of various sizes. The stone dust is collected
from the closest supply as a stuff without any process of dust from the quarry. concerning
twenty to twenty fifth of the full production in every device is missed as a waste. the perfect
share of replacement of natural sand with quarry dust. is 40% to75% just in case of
compressive strength. In our analysis work quarry dust is most fitted.
Natural sand:-
Natural sand obtained from the river and available in the local market was
used. The physical properties of natural and artificial sand are as below.

Property Natural sand Artificial sand

Specific Gravity 2.65 2.90
Fineness Modulus 2.76 2.95
Bulk Density kn/m3 15.55 17.62

Sieve Analysis Details of Natural and Artificial Sand

IS Sieve Percentage passing
Natural sand Artificial sand
4.75 mm 97 96
2.36 mm 88.6 78
1.18 mm 65.75 54
600 micron 47 40
300 micron 18 20
150 micron 4.5 12

Coarse Aggregate
Locally available rock stone aggregate of nominal size 10 mm and 20 mm mixed aggregate
are used. The physical properties of these coarse aggregates are as below
 1. Specific Gravity - 2.96
2. Bulk density kn/m3 - 16.10
3. Fineness Modules - 7.35
(20 and 10) mm

Sieve Analysis of Coarse Aggregate

IS Sieve Percentage Passing
40 mm 100
20 mm 85
10 mm 18
4.75 mm 1.87

MEATHODOLGY
The physical Characteristics of material used that is cement natural sand, artificial sand and
course aggregate are tested initially study of the material as describe above.the results from
the above experiments are-
A) Cement
Cement (ACC- OPC) 53 grades have been used for mix proportion for M20, M25, M35 &
M40grade concrete. The cement that is used is of OPC 53 grade as per the Standard
Specifications of the country the cement according to the Indian specification must satisfy the
IS code IS: 8112-1989.
1) Sieve test (as per IS4031, part1-1996)- Result-The fineness of ordinary Portland
cement is observed to be 99.5%.
2) Standard consistency test-Result- The standard consistency of PPC is observed to be
38%.
3) Soundness of Cement by Le-Chatelier Method- Result- The average expansion of the
cement is observed to Be 1mm.
B) Coarse Aggregate
Testing of coarse aggregates was done as Per IS: 383-1970 characteristics of coarse aggregate
1) Maximum size 20mm
2) Specific Gravity 2.41
3) Water absorption 2.94
4) Impact value 31.96
5) Fineness modulus 6.87
C) Fine Aggregate
The sand used for the experimental
Program was locally procured and conformed
To grading zone III as per IS: 383-1970.
1) Specific gravity 2.5
2) Water absorption 4%
3) Fineness modulus 3.17
4) Bulking of sand 15%
D) Quarry Dust
The quarry dust which is used is tested as per IS specification
1) Specific gravity 2.41
2) Water absorption 3%
3) Fineness modulus 5.2
E) Mix proportion as per IS 10262-1980-

Sr. Grade of concrete M20 M25 M30 M35

No.
1 Cement kg/m3 316 348 378 415
2 Fine aggregate kg/m3 613 600 595 565
3 Coarse Aggregate(10 mm 1296 1270 1255 1245
and 20 mm) kg/m3
4 Aggregate cement ratio 6.05 5.28 4.87 4.33
5 Water litter /m3 155 162 174 180
6 Water cement ratio 0.49 0.47 0.46 0.43

The exact amount of concrete ingredients were weighed and mixed thoroughly by using super
plasticiser in laboratory concrete mixer till the consistent mix was achieved. The workability
of fresh concrete was measured. The standard cube of 150 mm size steel mould and cylinder
of 150 mm. diameter and 300 mm. length and prism of size 100 X 100 X 500 were tested
over a span of 400 mm. compacted on vibrating table. Six cubes, six cylinders and six cubes
with varying percentage of natural and artificial sand were casted for testing. The average
strength was calculated as per acceptance criteria using IS 456 – 2000 is followed and the
average values are illustrated.
RESULTS:-
The results as per the basis of replacement is show follow as in the bar chart and
in the tabular form of the different percentage replacements.

M20 Grade concrete

NATURAL ARTIFICIAL 7 DAYS STRENGTH IN 28 DAYS STRENGTH IN
REPLCEMENT SAND SAND N/mm2 N/mm2
0% 613 0 19.8 27.5
20% 490.4 122.6 20.3 28.09
40% 367.8 245.2 20.59 28.82
60% 245.2 367.8 21.48 30.03
80% 122.6 490.4 20.2 28.7
100% 0 613 19.7 27.4

35
30
25 M20 Grade
concrete
20
15
10 7 DAYS STRENGTH
5 IN N/mm2

0 28 DAYS STRENGTH
IN N/mm2
For M-25 grade concrete:-
M25 Grade concrete
NATURAL ARTIFICIAL 7 DAYS STRENGTH IN 28 DAYS STRENGTH IN
REPLCEMENT SAND SAND N/mm2 N/mm2
0% 600 0 22.9 33.1
20% 480 120 24.44 35.59
40% 360 240 24.56 36
60% 240 360 29.65 42.4
80% 120 480 23.6 34
100% 0 600 23.25 33.05

50
45
40
35 M35 Grade
30 concrete
25
20
15
7 DAYS STRENGTH
10 IN N/mm2
5
0 28 DAYS STRENGTH
IN N/mm2

For M30 grade concrete:-

M30 Grade concrete
REPLCEMEN NATURAL ARTIFICIAL 7 DAYS STRENGTH IN 28 DAYS STRENGTH IN
T SAND SAND N/mm2 N/mm2
0% 595 0 22.9 33.1
20% 476 119 24.44 35.59
40% 357 238 24.56 36
60% 238 357 29.65 42.4
80% 119 476 23.6 34
100% 0 595 23.25 33.05

50
45
40
35 M35 Grade
30 concrete
25
20
15 7 DAYS STRENGTH
10 IN N/mm2
5
0 28 DAYS STRENGTH
IN N/mm2
For M35 Grade-
M35 Grade concrete
NATURAL ARTIFICIAL 7 DAYS STRENGTH IN 28 DAYS STRENGTH IN
REPLCEMENT SAND SAND N/mm2 N/mm2
0% 595 0 29 42.5
20% 476 119 30.55 44.65
40% 357 238 31.25 45.2
60% 238 357 31.65 45.95
80% 119 476 30.4 43.35
100% 0 595 29.6 42.5

50
45
40
35 M35 Grade
30 concrete
25
20
15
7 DAYS STRENGTH
10 IN N/mm2
5
0 28 DAYS STRENGTH
IN N/mm2

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the above experimental process and results we can conclude that :-
1. It is observed that there is consistent increase in the strength of plain concrete when
natural sand is fully replaced by artificial sand. The fine edges of the particles in
artificial sand provide better paste than the rounded particles of natural sand resulting
in higher strength. The increase in compressive stress is marginal as compared to
flexural and split tensile strength.
2. Considering the effect of the fibre in workability and balling, the optimum volume
fraction of fibre is 1.5%. To get the design degree of workability, the use of super
plasticizer was essential. When we use the artificial sand the bleeding is excessive.
3. The cost of artificial sand is in the range of 40% to 70% to that of natural sand and
considering cost of screening, washing and wastage due to oversize particles of
natural sand; in artificial sand there is no need of it so it save the 15% to 25% cost.
4. The test results obtained from well planned and carefully performed experimental
programme encourages the full replacement of natural sand by artificial sand
considering the technical, environmental and commercial factors.

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