20 - Technical Information PDF

Technical Information
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20 -1
List of CE-marked Products………………………………… 20 -3
Manufacture License of Special Equipment in China… … -3
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RoHS Directive… …………………………………………… 20 -4
Yoshitake Product with Regard to RoHS… ……………… 20 -5
Conversion Table… ………………………………………… 20 -6
Table of Steam… …………………………………………… 20 -11
Standard Flow Velocity of Fluid… ………………………… 20 -13
Flow Velocity Table (for Steam, Air, and Water)…………… 20 -13
Property of Gas……………………………………………… 20 -15
Density of Liquid / Gas……………………………………… 20 -16
How to Convert the Volume of a Gas……………………… 20 -17
Oil Viscosity Chart…………………………………………… 20 -18
Cast lron Pipe Flanges (JIS)………………………………… 20 -19
Steel Pipe Flanges (JIS)… ………………………………… 20 -20
Basic Dimensions of Pipe Flanges (JIS)…………………… 20 -22
Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges (JIS)… ………………………… 20 -25
Basic Dimensions of Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges (JIS)… … 20 -26
Basic Dimensions of ASME (ANSI) Pipe Flanges… ……… 20 -27
Basic Dimensions of EN Pipe Flanges (BS EN)…………… 20 -29
Corrosion Resistance of Metallic Materials………………… 20 -30
20 -2
List of CE-marked Products
CE Marking is a mark to be displayed or printed on products to be distributed within the European Union (EU) and
compliant with New Approach Directives issued by the European Commission for the purpose of protecting the
health and safety of their users and consumers and ensuring the free distribution of these products within the EU.
Yoshitake acquired a CE Marking certificate for the Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC) in April 2004. The
certified products are listed below.
Pressure Equipment Directive Model Size Connection
GP-2000 65A-150A DIN25/40RF
GDK-2000 65A-100A DIN25/40RF
97/23/EC GPR-2000 65A-100A DIN25/40RF
OB-2000 65A-100A DIN25/40RF
DS-2 65A-100A DIN25/40RF
Note) The abovementioned product models of 15A to 50A are prohibited from
displaying CE Marking but equal to those listed in the table in safety, etc.
Manufacture License of Special Equipment in China

We have the manufacture license of safety valve for boiler and pressure vessel in China.
Boiler and pressure vessel sold in China require safety valves manufactured under this license.
Model numbers of the licensed products are shown in the table below.
Model Nominal size (mm) Pressure (MPa)

AL-150 15-50 0.05-1.0
AL-150L 15-50 0.05-1.0
AL-150H 15-50 1.0-1.6
AL-150HL 15-50 1.0-1.6
AF-5 20-50 0.1-2.0
* When ordering the licensed product, contact us in advance.
20 -3 www.yoshitake.jp
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RoHS Directive
The Directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment
(RoHS Directive) prohibits the use of hazardous chemical substances in electrical and electronic products, including
computers, communication devices, and household electrical appliances, in the European Union (EU). This directive
is intended to minimize substances of concern and the risk of adverse effects on human health throughout the life
cycle of products, from production to disposal.
To be specific, the use of six substances － lead, hexavalent chromium, mercury, cadmium, polybrominated biphenyl
(PBB) used for fire retardants, and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) － is restricted.
Since July 2006, products containing a specific quantity of any of the abovementioned substances have not been
sold at all in the entire EU according the RoHS Directive.
Yoshitake is ready to manufacture RoHS-Directive-compliant products in-house. For further information, please
contact us.
■Content thresholds of hazardous substances (maximum permitted concentrations)

The content thresholds (maximum permitted concentrations) set on the six hazardous substances restricted by the
RoHS Directive are shown in the table below.
Some applications of these substances are designated as exceptions.
Threshold
Substance name Excepted application
(maximum permitted concentration)
∙ Pb contained in glass for cathode ray tubes, electronic parts, and
fluorescent tubes
∙ Pb in high-melting-point solder (Sn and Pb eutectic solder with Pb content
Pb
1000 ppm (0.1%) of 85% or more)
Lead
∙ Pb of up to 0.35 wt% contained in steel materials as an alloy
Pb of up to 0.4 wt% contained in aluminum materials
Pb of up to 4 wt% contained in copper materials
Cr＋6 Cr＋6 used for rust prevention of carbon steel cooling systems in absorption
1000 ppm (0.1%)
Hexavalent chromium type refrigerators
Hg ∙ Hg of less than 5 mg per small-sized fluorescent lamp
1000 ppm (0.1%)
Mercury ∙ Hg contained in striplights for special applications, etc.
Surface treatment other than that prohibited by revised 91/338/EEC of
Cd
100 ppm (0.01%) Directive 76/769/EEC
Cadmium
(91/338/EEC prohibits the use of Cd for coloring of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).)
PBB
1000 ppm (0.1%) No exceptions.
Polybrominated biphenyl
PBDE
1000 ppm (0.1%) No exceptions.
Polybrominated diphenyl ether
www.yoshitake.jp 20 -4
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Yoshitake Product with Regard to RoHS
Yoshitake has a wide variety of products that comply with RoHS Directive as shown in the list below,
with the parts in which the level of the restricted 6 substances are below the threshold.
Please note that the packing and supplementary materials (including grease and adhesive) are out of
scope of RoHS Directive compliance warranty.
If you have some request for Yoshitake product with regard to RoHS, please contact us.
Category Model Nominal size Material Category Model Nominal size Material
GP-1000AS 15A-100A SCS DP-100, 100-C,
10A-50A SCS
GP-1000TAS 15A-50A SCS 100-D
GD-20 15A-100A SCS Solenoid DP-100F,
15A-65A SCS
GD-26S 20A-50A SCS valve 100F-C, 100F-D
GD-27S 20A-100A SCS DD-2, DD-2-8 10A-20A SCS
Pressure DD-3, DD-3-8 10A-20A SCS
GD-28S 20A-50A SCS
reducing valve
GD-29S 20A-100A SCS MD-35R 15A-25A C3771BE
GD-26GS 20A-50A SCS MD-36R 15A-25A C3771BE
Motor valve
GD-27GS 20A-100A SCS MD-53 15A-50A SUS
GD-41, 41G 15A-25A SCS MD-54 15A-50A SUS
GD-43, 43G 15A-25A SCS Air operated
PD-3 15A-50A SUS
valve
Drain DS-1 15A-50A FCD
separator 150L-13S 15A-50A SCS
DS-2 65A-100A FCD
150L-13F 15A-100A SCS
AL-140 15A-50A SCS
150F-13S 15A-50A SCS
AL-140H 15A-50A SCS
Sight glass 150F-13F 15A-100A SCS
Safety relief AL-140T 15A-50A SCS
SB-1S 32A-50A FCD
valve · AL-250 15A-50A SCS
Relief valve AL-250R FS-B 10A-80A FC/FCD
15A-50A SCS
FSJ-B 10A-25A SUS
AL-31 15A-50A SCS
Air vent valve TA-16 15A-25A SUS
AL-31H 15A-50A SCS
Vacuum relief
SY-2 200A FCD VB-7S 15A-50A SUS
valve
SY-40 15A-300A FCD
MS-3 15A-50A SCS
SY-40C-N 15A-150A FCD Noiseless
MS-4 15A-50A SCS
SY-40H 15A-150A FCD heater
MS-6 15A-50A SUS
SY-5 10A-50A FCD
Expansion EB-1J, 2J 20A-250A SPHC/SS
SY-17 15A-50A SCS
joint EB-11, 12 20A-250A SPHC/SS
SY-37 15A-50A SCS
UB-1 20A-50A FC
SY-8 10A-150A SCS
Ball joint UB-2 50A-250A SCPH
SY-38 10A-150A SCS
UB-10, 11 50A-250A FC/SCPH
SY-10 10A-250A SCPH
Smart plate SP-1 15A-100A SUS
SY-20 15A-150A SCPH
TB-20F 15A-25A FCD
SU-10 20A-150A SCS
TB-5 15A-50A FCD
SU-10S 20A-150A SCS
TD-10NA 15A-25A FCD
SU-20 20A-150A FCD
Strainer TD-30NA 15A-25A FCD
SU-20S 20A-150A FCD
Steam trap TSD-42 10A-25A SCS
SU-20C 20A-150A FCD
TSF-10 15A-25A FCD
SU-20H 200A FCD

TSF-10F 15A-25A FCD
SU-50 50A-150A FCD
TSF-11 25A-50A FCD
SU-50H 50A-150A FCD
TSF-11F 25A-50A FCD
SU-50S 50A-150A FCD
SCV-2 15A-25A, 40A, 50A SCS
ST-1 25A-300A SUS Check valve
SCV-3 15A-100A SCS
SY-10H 15A-100A SCPH
YBF-1E 15A-50A SUS
SY-10HS 15A-100A SCS
Flexible joint YBF-2E 15A-250A SUS
SY-13 200A-650A STPG/SS
YBF-2EM 20A-300A SUS
SY-13SS 200A-650A SUS
SU-6 200A-650A STPG/SS
SU-6SS, 6AS 200A-650A SUS
SU-12 20A-150A SCPH
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Conversion Table: To/from SI Units
■Major metering units switched to SI units
Metering unit (conventional unit) switched SI unit Unit conversion relationship *1
1 kgf/m2 = 9.8 Pa
1 mHg = 133 kPa
Pascal (Pa)
Kilogram-force per square meter(kgf/m2, kgw/m2, kg/m2) 1 mH2O (mAq) = 9.8 kPa
Meter of mercury (mHg) *2 1 Torr = 133 Pa
Pressure
Meter of water (mH2O, mAq) 1 kgf/m2 = 9800 bar
Torr *3 1 mHg = 1.33 bar
Bar (bar)
1 mH2O (mAq) = 0.098 bar
1 Torr = 0.00133 bar
Moment of force Kilogram-force meter (kgf∙m, kgw∙m, kg∙m) Newton meter (N∙m) 1 kgf∙m = 9.8 N∙m
Force Kilogram-force (kgf, kgw) Newton (N) 1 kgf = 9.8 N
Amount of heat Calorie (cal) *4 Joule (J) 1 cal = 4.2 J
Length Micron (μ) Meter (m) 1 μ = 1 μm
*1 The accurate conversion coefficients for unit conversion relationships are as shown below.
9.8 = 9.80655, 4.2 = 4.18605 (temperature not specified), 133 = 133.322
*2 Except blood pressure measurement. *3 Except the field of medicine. *4 Except the field of nutrition.
■Conversion systems
1: New value system: A system that uses values rounded based on values in conventional units as SI-unit values
2: Converted value system: A system that uses values calculated by multiplying values in conventional units by
specified conversion factors as SI-unit values
Yoshitake, in principle, uses the new value system. The converted value system is adopted when converting SI-unit
values into values in conventional units.
Conventional unit SI unit Converted value
(Convert conventional unit by new value system) (Convert SI unit to conventional unit by converted value system)
kgf/cm 2
→ MPa → kgf/cm2
■Indication of gauge pressure and absolute pressure

Category Conventional unit SI unit
Indication of gauge pressure kgf/cm2G MPa
Indication of absolute pressure kgf/cm2abs MPa∙A
Indication of atmospheric pressure 1.033 kgf/cm2abs 0.1013 MPa∙A
“·A” is added only to absolute pressure in the form of “MPa·A.” “·G” is not added to gauge pressure.
■Conversion table for negative pressure

Conventional unit SI unit Converted value (kgf/cm2)
–50 mmHg = –0.068 kgf/cm2 –6.8 kPa –0.0693
–160 mmHg = –0.218 kgf/cm2 –21.8 kPa –0.222
–360 mmHg = –0.489 kgf/cm2 –48.9 kPa –0.499
–600 mmHg = –0.816 kgf/cm2 –81.6 kPa –0.823

–0.10 kgf/cm2 –10.0 kPa –0.1020
20
■Conversion table for positive pressure

Conventional unit SI unit SI unit Converted value Conventional unit SI unit SI unit Converted value
(kgf/cm2) (MPa) (kPa) (kgf/cm2) (kgf/cm2) (MPa) (kPa) (kgf/cm2)
0.01 1 0.0102 5.7 0.57 570 5.81
0.02 2 0.0204 5.8 0.58 580 5.91
0.03 3 0.0306 5.9 0.59 590 6.02
0.04 4 0.0408 6.0 0.60 600 6.12
0.05 5 0.0510 6.1 0.61 610 6.22
0.06 6 0.0612 6.2 0.62 620 6.32
0.07 7 0.0714 6.3 0.63 630 6.42
0.08 8 0.0816 6.4 0.64 640 6.53
0.09 9 0.0918 6.5 0.65 650 6.63
0.1 0.01 10 0.102 6.6 0.66 660 6.73
0.2 0.02 20 0.204 6.7 0.67 670 6.83
0.3 0.03 30 0.306 6.8 0.68 680 6.93
0.4 0.04 40 0.408 6.9 0.69 690 7.04
0.5 0.05 50 0.51 7.0 0.70 700 7.14
0.6 0.06 60 0.612 7.1 0.71 710 7.24
0.7 0.07 70 0.714 7.2 0.72 720 7.34
0.8 0.08 80 0.816 7.3 0.73 730 7.44
0.9 0.09 90 0.918 7.4 0.74 740 7.55
1.0 0.10 100 1.02 7.5 0.75 750 7.65
1.1 0.11 110 1.12 7.6 0.76 760 7.75
1.2 0.12 120 1.22 7.7 0.77 770 7.85
1.3 0.13 130 1.33 7.8 0.78 780 7.95
1.4 0.14 140 1.43 7.9 0.79 790 8.06
1.5 0.15 150 1.53 8.0 0.80 800 8.16
1.6 0.16 160 1.63 8.1 0.81 810 8.26
1.7 0.17 170 1.73 8.2 0.82 820 8.36
1.8 0.18 180 1.84 8.3 0.83 830 8.46
1.9 0.19 190 1.94 8.4 0.84 840 8.57
2.0 0.20 200 2.04 8.5 0.85 850 8.67
2.1 0.21 210 2.14 8.6 0.86 860 8.77
2.2 0.22 220 2.24 8.7 0.87 870 8.87
2.3 0.23 230 2.35 8.8 0.88 880 8.97
2.4 0.24 240 2.45 8.9 0.89 890 9.08
2.5 0.25 250 2.55 9.0 0.90 900 9.18
2.6 0.26 260 2.65 9.1 0.91 910 9.28
2.7 0.27 270 2.75 9.2 0.92 920 9.38
2.8 0.28 280 2.86 9.3 0.93 930 9.48
2.9 0.29 290 2.96 9.4 0.94 940 9.59
3.0 0.30 300 3.06 9.5 0.95 950 9.69
3.1 0.31 310 3.16 9.6 0.96 960 9.79
3.2 0.32 320 3.26 9.7 0.97 970 9.89
3.3 0.33 330 3.37 9.8 0.98 980 9.99
3.4 0.34 340 3.47 9.9 0.99 990 10.1
3.5 0.35 350 3.57 10.0 1.0 10.2
3.6 0.36 360 3.67 10.5 1.05 10.7
3.7 0.37 370 3.77 11 1.1 11.2
3.8 0.38 380 3.87 12 1.2 12.2
3.9 0.39 390 3.98 13 1.3 13.3
4.0 0.40 400 4.08 14 1.4 14.3
4.1 0.41 410 4.18 15 1.5 15.3
4.2 0.42 420 4.28 16 1.6 16.3
4.3 0.43 430 4.38 17 1.7 17.3

4.4 0.44 440 4.49 18 1.8 18.4
4.5 0.45 450 4.59 19 1.9 19.4
4.6 0.46 460 4.69 20 2.0 20.4
4.7 0.47 470 4.79 21 2.1 21.4
4.8 0.48 480 4.89 22 2.2 22.4
4.9 0.49 490 5.00 23 2.3 23.5
5.0 0.50 500 5.10 24 2.4 24.5
5.1 0.51 510 5.20 25 2.5 25.5
5.2 0.52 520 5.30 26 2.6 26.5
5.3 0.53 530 5.40 27 2.7 27.5
5.4 0.54 540 5.51 28 2.8 28.6
5.5 0.55 550 5.61 29 2.9 29.6
5.6 0.56 560 5.71 30 3.0 30.6
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Conversion Table for Each Unit
■Conversion table for length
Meter Centimeter Inch Foot Yard
m cm in ft yd
1 100 39.37 3.281 1.094
0.01 1 0.393 7 0.032 81 0.010 94
0.025 4 2.54 1 0.083 33 0.027 78
0.304 8 30.48 12 1 0.333 3
0.914 4 91.44 36 3 1
■Conversion table for area

Square meter Square centimeter Square Inch Square Foot Square Yard
m2 cm2 in2 ft2 yd2
1 10000 1 550 10.76 1.196
0.0364 52 * 6.452 1 0.0269 44 0.0377 16
0.092 90 929 144 1 0.111 1
0.836 1 8361 1 296 9 1
* Example: 0.036452 is short for 0.0006452.
■Conversion table for volume

Cubic meter Cubic Inch Cubic Foot Cubic Yard
m3 in3 ft3 yd3
1 61 024 35.31 1.308
0.0416 39 1 0.0357 87 0.0421 43
0.028 32 1 728 1 0.037 04
0.764 6 46 656 27 1
Liter Cubic meter Imperial gallon US gallon Cubic inch

L m3 gal (UK) gal (US) in3
1 0.001 0.220 0 0.264 2 61.02
1000 1 220.0 264.2 66020
4.546 0.02 4546 1 1.201 277.4
3.785 0.02 3785 0.832 7 1 231
0.016 39 0.04 1629 0.0336 05 0.0243 29 1
■Conversion table for velocity

Meter per second Kilometer per hour Knot Foot per second Mile per hour
m/s km/h kn ft/s mil/h
1 3.6 1.944 3.281 2.237
0.277 8 1 0.540 0 0.911 3 0.621 4
0.514 4 1.852 1 1.688 1.151
0.304 8 1.097 0.592 5 1 0.681 8
0.447 0 1.609 0.869 0 1.467 1
■Conversion table for mass

kilogram Grain Ounce Pound Ton Long ton Short ton
kg gr oz lb t ton sh ton
1 15432 35.27 2.205 0.001 0.0398 42 0.0211 02
0.0464 80 1 0.0222 86 0.0314 29 0.0764 80 0.0763 78 0.0771 43
0.028 35 437.5 1 0.062 5 0.0428 35 0.0427 90 0.0431 25

0.453 6 7 000 16 1 0.0345 36 0.0344 64 0.000 5
1 000 1.543 x 107 35 274 2 205 1 0.984 2 1.102
1 016 1.568 x 107 35 840 2 240 1.016 1 1.12
907.2 1.4 x 107 32 000 2 000 0.907 2 0.892 9 1
■Conversion table for density

Kilogram per cubic meter Gram per cubic centimeter Pound per cubic inch Pound per cubic foot
kg/m3 g/cm3 lb/in3 lb/ft3
1 1 x 10–3 3.613 x 10–5 6.243 x 10–2
1.000 x 103 1 3.613 x 10–2 6.243 x 10
2.7680 x 104 2.7680 x 10 1 1.728 x 103
1.602 x 10 1.602 x 10–2 5.787 x 10–4 1
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■Conversion table for force

Newton Kilogram-force Pound-force poundal
N kgf lbf pdl
1 0.102 0 0.224 8 7.233
9.807 1 2.205 70.93
4.448 0.453 6 1 32.17
0.138 3 0.014 10 0.031 08 1
■Conversion table for pressure

Kilogram-force Pound-force Millimeter Inch of
Kilo pascal Mega pascal per square Atmosphere Millimeter of water
Bar centimeter per square inch of mercury mercury
kPa MPa atm mmH2O or mmAq
kgf/cm2 lbf/in2 or PSI mmHg or Torr inHg
1 0.001 0.01 0.010197 0.14504 0.009869 7.501 0.29530 102.1
1000 1 10 10.197 145.0 9.869 7501 295.3 102.1 x 103
100 0.1 1 1.0197 14.50 0.9869 750 29.53 10.21 x 103
98.0665 0.098067 0.98067 1 14.223 0.9678 735.5 28.96 10.01 x 103
6.8948 0.006895 0.06895 0.07031 1 0.06804 51.71 2.0355 703.7
101.325 0.101325 1.01325 1.0333 14.70 1 760.0 29.92 10.34 x 103
0.13332 0.133322 x 10–3 0.133322 x 10–2 1.3596 x 10–3 19.34 x 10–3 1.316 x 10–3 1 39.37 x 103 13.61
3.3864 0.003386 0.03386 0.03453 0.4912 0.03342 25.40 1 345.6
9.8067 x 10–3 0.009807 x 10–3 0.009807 x 10–2 0.09991 x 10–3 1.421 x 10–3 0.0967 x 10–3 0.07349 2.893 x 103 1
■Conversion table for viscosity ■Conversion table for kinetic viscosity

Pascal second Centipoise Poise Square meter per second Centistokes Stokes
Pa∙s cP P m2/s cSt St
1 1 000 10 1 1 000 000 10 000
0.001 1 0.01 0.051 1 0.01
0.1 100 1 0.0001 100 1
■Conversion table for work, energy and calorie

Joule Kilocalorie Kilogram force meter Foot pound force Kilowatt hour British thermal unit
J kcal kgf∙m ft∙lbf kW∙h BTU
1 0.0323 89 0.102 0 0.737 6 0.0627 78 0.0394 80
4.186 x 103 1 426.9 3 087 0.001 163 3.968
9.807 0.002 343 1 7.233 0.0527 24 0.009 297
1.356 0.0332 39 0.138 3 1 0.0637 66 0.001 285
3.6 x 106 860.0 3.671 x 105 2.655 x 106 1 3 413
1.055 x 103 0.252 0 107.6 778.0 0.03293 0 1
■Conversion table for power

Kilowatt Kilocalorie per second Kilogram force meter per second Foot pound force per second British thermal unit per second
kW kcal/s kgfm/s ft∙lbf/s BTU/s
1 0.238 9 102.0 737.6 0.918 0
4.186 1 426.9 3 087 3.968
0.009 807 0.002 343 1 7.233 0.009 297
0.001 356 0.0232 39 0.138 3 1 0.001 285
1.055 0.252 0 107.6 778.0 1
■Conversion table for temperature

Conversion formula ˚C = 5/9 x (°F – 32) ˚F = 9/5 x ˚C + 32
How to use: Find the temperature value to be converted in the middle column, and see the left value when converting from Celsius to
Fahrenheit and see the right value for vice versa. Example) 20˚C is converted to 68.0˚F. 20˚F is converted to –6.7˚C.
20
˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C
˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F ˚C
–459.7 –273.2 –0.4 –18 –27.8 194.0 90 32.2 388.4 198 92.2 986 530 276.7
–450 –267.8 +3.2 –16 –26.7 197.6 92 33.3 392.0 200 93.3 1004 540 282.2
–440 –262.2 6.8 –14 –25.6 201.2 94 34.4 395.6 202 94.4 1022 550 287.8
–430 –256.7 10.4 –12 –24.4 204.8 96 35.6 399.2 204 95.6 1040 560 293.3
–420 –251.1 14.0 –10 –23.3 208.4 98 36.7 402.8 206 96.7 1058 570 298.9
–410 –245.6 17.6 –8 –22.2 212.0 100 37.8 406.4 208 97.8 1076 580 304.4
–400 –240.0 21.2 –6 –21.1 215.6 102 38.9 410.0 210 98.9 1094 590 310.0
–390 –234.4 24.8 –4 –20.0 219.2 104 40.0 413.6 212 100 1112 600 315.6
–380 –228.9 28.4 –2 –18.9 222.8 106 41.1 417.2 214 101.1 1130 610 321.1
–370 –223.3 32.0 0 –17.8 226.4 108 42.2 420.8 216 102.2 1148 620 326.7
–360 –217.8 35.6 +2 –16.7 230.0 110 43.3 424.4 218 103.3 1166 630 332.2
–350 –212.2 39.2 4 –15.6 233.6 112 44.4 428.0 220 104.4 1184 640 337.8
–340 –206.7 42.8 6 –14.4 237.2 114 45.6 431.6 222 105.6 1202 650 343.3
–330 –201.1 46.4 8 –13.3 240.8 116 46.7 435.2 224 106.7 1220 660 348.9
–320 –195.6 50.0 10 –12.2 244.4 118 47.8 438.8 226 107.8 1238 670 354.4
–310 –190.0 53.6 12 –11.1 248.0 120 48.9 442.4 228 108.9 1256 680 360.0
–300 –184.3 57.2 14 –10.0 251.6 122 50.0 446.0 230 110 1274 690 365.6
–290 –178.9 60.8 16 –8.9 255.2 124 51.1 449.6 232 111.1 1292 700 371.1
–280 –173.3 64.4 18 –7.8 258.8 126 52.2 453.2 234 112.2 1310 710 376.7
–459.7 –273.2 –169.6 68.0 20 –6.7 262.4 128 53.3 456.8 236 113.3 1328 720 382.2
–454 –270 –167.8 71.6 22 –5.6 266.0 130 54.4 460.4 238 114.4 1346 730 387.3
–436 –260 –162.2 75.2 24 –4.4 269.0 132 55.6 464.0 240 115.6 1364 740 393.3
–418 –250 –156.7 78.8 26 –3.3 273.2 134 56.7 467.6 242 116.7 1382 750 398.9
–400 –240 –151.1 82.4 28 –2.2 276.8 136 57.8 471.2 244 117.8 1400 760 404.4
–382 –230 –145.6 86.0 30 –1.1 280.4 138 58.9 474.8 246 118.9 1418 770 410.0
–364 –220 –140.0 89.6 32 0 284.0 140 60.0 478.4 248 120.0 1436 780 415.6
–346 –210 –134.4 93.2 34 +1.1 287.6 142 61.1 482.0 250 121.1 1454 790 421.1
–328 0 –128.9 96.8 36 2.2 291.2 144 62.2 500 260 126.7 1472 800 426.8
–310 –190 –123.3 100.4 38 3.3 294.8 146 63.3 518 270 132.2 1490 810 432.2
–292 –180 –117.8 104.0 40 4.4 298.4 148 64.4 536 280 137.8 1508 820 437.8
–274 –170 –112.2 107.6 42 5.6 302.0 150 65.6 554 290 143.3 1526 830 443.3
–256 –160 –106.7 111.2 44 6.7 305.6 152 66.7 572 300 148.9 1544 840 448.9
–238 –150 –101.1 114.8 46 7.8 309.2 154 67.8 590 310 154.4 1562 850 454.4
–220 –140 –95.6 118.4 48 8.9 312.8 156 68.9 608 320 160.0 1580 860 460.0
–202 –130 –90.0 122.0 50 10.0 316.4 158 70.0 626 330 165.6 1598 870 465.6
–184 –120 –84.4 125.6 52 11.1 320.0 160 71.1 644 340 171.1 1616 880 471.1
–166 –110 –78.9 129.2 54 12.2 323.6 162 72.2 662 350 176.7 1634 890 476.7
–148 –100 –73.3 132.8 56 13.3 327.2 164 73.3 680 360 182.2 1652 900 482.2
–130 –90 –67.8 136.4 58 14.4 330.8 166 74.4 698 370 187.8 1670 910 487.8
–112 –80 –62.2 140.0 60 15.6 334.4 168 75.6 716 380 193.3 1688 920 493.3
–94.0 –70 –56.7 143.6 62 16.7 338.0 170 76.7 734 390 198.9 1706 930 498.9
–76.0 –60 –51.1 147.2 64 17.8 341.6 172 77.8 752 400 204.4 1724 940 504.4
–58.0 –50 –45.6 150.8 66 18.6 345.2 174 78.9 770 410 210.0 1742 950 510.0
–40.0 –40 –40.0 154.4 68 20.0 348.8 176 80.0 788 420 215.6 1760 960 515.6
–36.4 –38 –38.9 158.0 70 21.1 352.4 178 81.1 806 430 221.1 1778 970 521.1
–32.8 –36 –37.8 161.6 72 22.2 356.0 180 82.2 824 440 226.7 1796 980 526.7
–29.2 –34 –36.7 165.2 74 23.3 359.6 182 83.3 842 450 232.2 1814 990 532.2
–25.6 –32 –35.6 168.8 76 24.4 363.2 184 84.4 860 460 237.8 1832 1000 537.7
–22.0 –30 –34.4 172.4 78 25.6 366.8 186 85.6 878 470 243.3 1922 1050 565.6
–18.4 –28 –33.3 176.0 80 26.7 370.4 188 86.7 896 480 248.9 2012 1100 593.3
–14.8 –26 –32.2 179.6 82 27.8 374.0 190 87.8 914 490 254.4 2102 1105 621.1
–11.2 –24 –31.1 183.2 84 28.9 377.6 192 88.9 932 500 260.0 2192 1200 648.9
–7.6 –22 –30.0 186.8 86 30.0 381.2 194 90.0 950 510 265.6 2282 1250 676.7
–4.0 –20 –28.9 190.4 88 31.1 384.8 196 91.1 968 520 271.1 2372 1300 704.4
20
Table of Steam
■Saturated steam table (SI unit)
Volume of Calorie of 1 kg of steam Volume of Calorie of 1 kg of steam
Absolute Volume Weight Absolute Volume Weight
Steam 1 kg of water kJ Steam 1 kg of water kJ
pressure of 1 kg of of 1 m of
3
pressure of 1 kg of of 1 m of
3
temperature before Sensible Latent Total of temperature before Sensible Latent Total of
of steam steam steam of steam steam steam
˚C evaporation heat heat heat ˚C evaporation heat heat heat
MPa∙A m3 kg MPa∙A m3 kg
L i' r i'' = i' + r L i' r i'' = i' + r
0.010 45.83 1.0102 14.67 0.0681 191.8 2392.9 2584.7 0.740 167.21 1.1110 0.26 3.8655 706.9 2057.4 2764.3
0.015 54.00 1.0140 10.02 0.0998 226.0 2373.2 2599.2 0.760 168.30 1.1123 0.25 3.9645 711.7 2053.7 2765.4
0.020 60.09 1.0172 7.65 0.1307 251.5 2358.4 2609.9 0.780 169.37 1.1137 0.25 4.0634 716.3 2050.1 2766.4
0.025 64.99 1.0199 6.20 0.1612 272.0 2346.4 2618.4 0.80 170.41 1.1150 0.24 4.1622 720.9 2046.5 2767.4
0.030 69.12 1.0223 5.23 0.1912 289.3 2336.1 2625.4 0.86 173.44 1.1189 0.22 4.4582 734.2 2036.2 2770.4
0.035 72.71 1.0245 4.53 0.2210 304.3 2327.2 2631.5 0.92 176.29 1.1226 0.21 4.7537 746.8 2026.2 2773.0
0.040 75.89 1.0265 3.99 0.2504 317.7 2319.2 2636.9 0.98 179.01 1.1262 0.20 5.0486 758.7 2016.7 2775.4
0.045 78.74 1.0284 3.58 0.2796 329.6 2312.0 2641.6 1.04 181.60 1.1297 0.19 5.3432 770.2 2007.5 2777.7
0.050 81.35 1.0301 3.24 0.3086 340.6 2305.4 2646.0 1.10 184.07 1.1331 0.18 5.6375 781.1 1998.5 2779.6
0.060 85.95 1.0333 2.73 0.3661 359.9 2293.6 2653.5 1.16 186.44 1.1364 0.17 5.9315 791.6 1989.9 2781.5
0.070 89.96 1.0361 2.36 0.4229 376.8 2283.3 2660.1 1.22 188.71 1.1397 0.16 6.2254 801.8 1981.5 2783.3
0.080 93.51 1.0387 2.09 0.4792 391.7 2274.0 2665.7 1.28 190.90 1.1428 0.15 6.5191 811.5 1973.4 2784.9
0.090 96.71 1.0412 1.87 0.5350 405.2 2265.6 2670.8 1.34 193.01 1.1459 0.15 6.8127 821.0 1965.5 2786.5
0.100 99.63 1.0434 1.69 0.5904 417.5 2257.9 2675.4 1.40 195.04 1.1489 0.14 7.1063 830.1 1957.7 2787.8
0.120 104.81 1.0476 1.43 0.7002 439.4 2244.1 2683.5 1.46 197.01 1.1519 0.14 7.3998 838.9 1950.2 2789.1
0.140 109.32 1.0513 1.24 0.8089 458.4 2231.9 2690.3 1.52 198.92 1.1548 0.13 7.6934 847.5 1942.8 2790.3
0.160 113.32 1.0547 1.09 0.9165 475.4 2220.9 2696.3 1.58 200.77 1.1577 0.13 7.9871 855.8 1935.6 2791.4
0.180 116.93 1.0579 0.98 1.0233 490.7 2210.8 2701.5 1.64 202.56 1.1605 0.12 8.2808 863.9 1928.5 2792.4
0.200 120.23 1.0608 0.89 1.1294 504.7 2201.6 2706.3 1.70 204.31 1.1633 0.12 8.5747 871.8 1921.5 2793.3
0.220 123.27 1.0636 0.81 1.2348 517.6 2193.0 2710.6 1.76 206.00 1.1660 0.11 8.8687 879.5 1914.7 2794.2
0.240 126.09 1.0663 0.75 1.3397 529.6 2184.9 2714.5 1.82 207.66 1.1687 0.11 9.1628 887.1 1908.0 2795.1
0.260 128.73 1.0688 0.69 1.4440 540.9 2177.3 2718.2 1.88 209.27 1.1714 0.11 9.4572 894.4 1901.5 2795.9
0.280 131.20 1.0712 0.65 1.5479 551.4 2170.1 2721.5 1.94 210.84 1.1740 0.10 9.7518 901.6 1895.0 2796.6
0.300 133.54 1.0735 0.61 1.6514 561.4 2163.2 2724.6 2.0 212.37 1.1766 0.10 10.047 908.6 1888.6 2797.2
0.320 135.75 1.0757 0.57 1.7544 570.9 2156.7 2727.6 2.2 217.24 1.1850 0.09 11.031 931.0 1868.1 2799.1
0.340 137.86 1.0779 0.54 1.8572 579.9 2150.4 2730.3 2.4 221.78 1.1932 0.08 12.019 951.9 1848.5 2800.4
0.360 139.86 1.0799 0.51 1.9595 588.5 2144.4 2732.9 2.6 226.04 1.2011 0.08 13.011 971.7 1829.6 2801.3
0.380 141.78 1.0819 0.49 2.0616 596.8 2138.6 2735.4 2.8 230.05 1.2088 0.07 14.008 990.5 1811.5 2802.0
0.400 143.62 1.0839 0.46 2.1635 604.7 2133.0 2737.7 3.0 233.84 1.2163 0.07 15.009 1008.4 1793.9 2802.3
0.420 145.39 1.0858 0.44 2.2650 612.3 2127.5 2739.8 3.2 237.45 1.2237 0.06 16.016 1025.4 1776.9 2802.3
0.440 147.09 1.0876 0.42 2.3663 619.6 2122.3 2741.9 3.4 240.88 1.2310 0.06 17.028 1041.8 1760.3 2802.1
0.460 148.73 1.0894 0.41 2.4674 626.7 2117.2 2743.9 3.6 244.16 1.2381 0.06 18.046 1057.6 1744.2 2801.8
0.480 150.31 1.0911 0.39 2.5683 633.5 2112.2 2745.7 3.8 247.31 1.2451 0.05 19.070 1072.7 1728.4 2801.1
0.500 151.84 1.0928 0.37 2.6690 640.1 2107.4 2747.5 4.0 250.33 1.2521 0.05 20.101 1087.4 1712.9 2800.3
0.520 153.33 1.0945 0.36 2.7695 646.5 2102.7 2749.2 4.25 253.95 1.2606 0.05 21.399 1105.1 1694.0 2799.1
0.540 154.76 1.0961 0.35 2.8698 652.8 2098.1 2750.9 4.5 257.41 1.2691 0.04 22.708 1122.1 1675.6 2797.7
0.560 156.16 1.0978 0.34 2.9700 658.8 2093.7 2752.5 4.75 260.73 1.2775 0.04 24.029 1138.6 1657.5 2796.1
0.580 157.52 1.0993 0.33 3.0700 664.7 2089.3 2754.0 5 263.91 1.2858 0.04 25.362 1154.5 1639.7 2794.2
0.600 158.84 1.1009 0.32 3.1698 670.4 2085.0 2755.4 6 275.55 1.3187 0.03 30.828 1213.7 1571.3 2785.0
0.620 160.12 1.1024 0.31 3.2696 676.0 2080.9 2756.9 7 285.79 1.3513 0.03 36.532 1267.4 1506.0 2773.4
0.640 161.38 1.1039 0.30 3.3692 681.5 2076.8 2758.3 8 294.97 1.3842 0.02 42.507 1317.1 1442.8 2759.9
0.660 162.60 1.1053 0.29 3.4687 686.8 2072.7 2759.5 9 303.31 1.4179 0.02 48.792 1363.7 1380.9 2744.6
0.680 163.79 1.1068 0.28 3.5680 692.0 2068.8 2760.8 10 310.96 1.4526 0.02 55.428 1408.0 1319.7 2727.7
0.700 164.96 1.1082 0.27 3.6673 697.1 2064.9 2762.0 15 342.13 1.6579 0.01 96.710 1611.0 1004.0 2615.0
0.720 166.10 1.1096 0.27 3.7665 702.0 2061.1 2763.1 20 365.70 2.0370 0.01 170.17 1826.5 591.9 2418.4
22.12 374.15 3.1700 0.003 315.46 2107.4 0.0 2107.4
20
■Saturated steam table (Conventional unit)

Absolute Volume of Calorie of 1 kg of steam Absolute Volume of Calorie of 1 kg of steam
Volume Weight Volume Weight
pressure Steam 1 kg of water kcal pressure Steam 1 kg of water kcal
of 1 kg of of 1 m of
3
of 1 kg of of 1 m of
3
of steam temperature before Sensible Latent Total of of steam temperature before Sensible Latent Total of
steam steam steam steam
abs evaporation heat heat heat abs evaporation heat heat heat
m3 kg m3 kg
kgf/cm2 lbf/in2 ˚C ˚F L i' r i'' = i' + r kgf/cm2 lbf/in2 ˚C ˚F L i' r i'' = i' + r
0.02 0.28 17.2 62.9 1.0012 68.26 0.0147 17.2 587.8 605.0 13.50 192.0 192.4 378.3 1.1451 0.1485 6.734 195.5 469.9 665.4
0.04 0.57 28.6 83.5 1.0039 35.45 0.0282 28.7 581.3 610.0 14.00 199.1 194.1 381.4 1.1476 0.1434 6.974 197.3 468.4 665.7
0.06 0.85 35.8 96.4 1.0063 24.18 0.0414 35.8 577.3 613.1 14.50 206.2 195.8 384.4 1.1500 0.1386 7.214 199.0 466.9 665.9
0.08 1.14 41.2 106.2 1.0083 18.44 0.0542 41.2 574.2 615.4 15 213.3 197.4 387.3 1.1524 0.1342 7.454 200.7 465.5 666.2
0.10 1.42 45.5 113.9 1.0101 14.95 0.0669 45.4 571.8 617.2 16 227.5 200.4 392.7 1.1572 0.1260 7.934 204.1 462.6 666.7
0.15 2.13 53.6 128.5 1.0138 10.21 0.0980 53.5 567.1 620.6 17 241.7 203.4 398.1 1.1618 0.1189 8.414 207.2 459.9 667.1
0.20 2.84 59.7 139.5 1.0170 7.791 0.1284 59.6 563.5 623.1 18 256.0 206.2 403.2 1.1663 0.1124 8.894 210.2 457.2 667.4
0.25 3.56 64.6 148.3 1.0197 6.319 0.1583 64.5 560.7 625.2 19 270.2 208.8 407.8 1.1706 0.1067 9.375 213.1 454.6 667.7
0.30 4.27 68.7 155.7 1.0221 5.326 0.1878 68.7 558.2 626.9 20 284.4 211.4 412.5 1.1749 0.1015 9.857 215.9 452.1 668.0
0.35 4.98 72.3 162.1 1.0242 4.609 0.2170 72.2 556.1 628.3 21 298.6 213.9 417.0 1.1791 0.0967 10.34 218.6 459.6 668.2
0.40 5.69 75.4 167.7 1.0262 4.067 0.2459 75.4 554.2 629.6 22 312.8 216.2 421.2 1.1833 0.0924 10.82 221.2 447.2 668.4
0.45 6.40 78.3 172.9 1.0281 3.642 0.2746 78.3 552.5 630.8 23 327.1 218.5 425.3 1.1873 0.0885 11.31 223.8 444.8 668.6
0.50 7.11 80.9 177.6 1.0298 3.300 0.3030 80.9 550.9 631.8 24 341.3 220.8 429.4 1.1913 0.0848 11.79 226.2 442.6 668.8
0.60 8.53 85.5 185.9 1.0329 2.782 0.3594 85.5 548.1 633.6 25 355.5 222.9 433.2 1.1953 0.0815 12.28 228.6 440.3 668.9
0.70 9.95 89.5 193.1 1.0357 2.408 0.4152 89.5 545.7 635.2 26 369.7 225.0 437.0 1.1991 0.0784 12.76 230.9 438.1 669.0
0.80 11.4 93.0 199.4 1.0383 2.125 0.4705 93.0 543.5 636.5 27 383.9 227.0 440.6 1.203 0.0755 13.25 233.2 435.9 669.1
0.90 12.8 96.2 205.2 1.0407 1.904 0.5253 96.2 541.5 637.7 28 398.2 229.0 444.2 1.207 0.0728 13.74 235.4 433.8 669.2
1.00 14.2 99.1 210.4 1.0430 1.725 0.5797 99.2 539.6 638.8 29 412.4 230.9 447.6 1.210 0.0703 14.23 237.5 431.7 669.2
1.20 17.1 104.3 219.7 1.0471 1.454 0.6875 104.4 536.3 640.7 30 426.6 232.8 451.0 1.214 0.0679 14.72 239.6 429.7 669.3
1.40 19.9 108.7 227.7 1.0508 1.259 0.7942 108.9 533.5 642.4 32 455.0 236.4 457.5 1.221 0.0637 15.70 243.7 425.6 669.3
1.60 22.8 112.7 234.9 1.0542 1.111 0.8999 112.9 530.8 643.7 34 483.5 239.8 463.6 1.229 0.0599 16.69 247.6 421.7 669.3
1.80 25.6 116.3 241.3 1.0573 0.9952 1.005 116.6 528.4 645.0 36 511.9 243.0 469.4 1.236 0.0565 17.69 251.3 417.9 669.2
2.00 28.4 119.6 247.3 1.0603 0.9018 1.109 119.9 526.3 646.2 38 540.4 246.2 475.2 1.243 0.0535 18.69 254.9 414.2 669.1
2.50 35.6 126.8 260.2 1.0669 0.7317 1.367 127.2 521.4 648.6 40 568.8 249.2 480.6 1.249 0.0508 19.70 258.4 410.5 668.9
3.00 42.7 132.9 271.2 1.0728 0.6168 1.621 133.4 517.2 650.6 42 597.2 252.1 485.8 1.256 0.0483 20.72 261.7 407.0 668.7
3.50 49.8 138.2 280.8 1.0782 0.5337 1.874 138.8 513.4 652.2 44 625.7 254.9 490.8 1.263 0.0460 21.74 265.0 403.5 668.5
4.00 56.9 142.9 289.2 1.0831 0.4708 2.124 143.7 510.0 653.7 46 654.1 257.6 495.7 1.269 0.0439 22.77 268.2 400.0 668.2
4.50 64.0 147.2 297.0 1.0877 0.4214 2.373 148.1 506.8 654.9 48 682.6 260.2 500.4 1.276 0.0420 23.80 271.3 396.6 667.9
5.00 71.1 151.1 304.0 1.0920 0.3816 2.620 152.1 503.9 656.0 50 711.0 262.7 504.9 1.283 0.0402 24.85 274.3 393.3 667.6
5.50 78.2 154.7 310.5 1.0961 0.3489 2.867 155.8 501.2 657.0 55 782.1 268.7 515.7 1.299 0.0364 27.49 281.5 385.1 666.6
6.00 85.3 158.1 316.6 1.1000 0.3213 3.112 159.3 498.6 657.9 60 853.2 274.3 525.7 1.315 0.0331 30.18 288.3 377.2 665.5
6.50 92.4 161.2 322.2 1.1037 0.2980 3.356 162.6 496.1 658.7 65 924.3 279.5 535.1 1.331 0.0304 32.93 294.8 369.4 664.2
7.00 99.5 164.2 327.6 1.1072 0.2778 3.600 165.7 493.8 659.5 70 995.4 284.5 544.1 1.347 0.0280 35.75 301.0 361.8 662.8
7.50 106.7 167.0 332.6 1.1111 0.2602 3.843 168.6 491.6 660.2 75 1066.5 289.2 552.6 1.363 0.0259 38.62 307.0 354.3 661.3
8.00 113.8 169.6 337.3 1.1140 0.2448 4.086 171.3 489.5 660.8 80 1137.6 293.6 560.5 1.379 0.0241 41.56 312.8 346.9 659.7
8.50 120.9 172.1 341.8 1.1172 0.2311 4.328 174.0 487.4 661.4 85 1208.7 297.9 568.2 1.395 0.0224 44.58 318.4 339.6 658.0
9.00 128.0 174.5 346.1 1.1203 0.2188 4.570 176.5 485.4 661.9 90 1279.8 301.9 575.4 1.412 0.0210 47.67 323.8 332.4 656.2
9.50 135.1 176.8 350.2 1.1233 0.2079 4.811 178.9 483.5 662.4 95 1350.9 305.8 582.4 1.429 0.0197 50.85 329.1 325.2 654.3
10.00 142.2 179.0 354.2 1.1262 0.1979 5.052 181.3 481.6 662.9 100 1422.0 309.5 589.1 1.446 0.0185 54.12 334.3 318.0 652.3
10.50 149.3 181.2 358.2 1.1291 0.1890 5.293 183.5 479.8 663.3 120 1706.4 323.1 613.6 1.518 0.0147 68.22 354.0 289.4 643.4
11.00 156.4 183.2 361.8 1.1319 0.1807 5.533 185.6 478.1 663.7 140 1990.8 335.1 635.2 1.599 0.0118 84.52 372.8 260.0 632.8
11.50 163.5 185.2 365.4 1.1346 0.1732 5.774 187.7 476.4 664.1 160 2275.2 345.8 654.4 1.693 0.0096 104.0 391.3 228.4 619.7
12.00 170.6 187.1 368.8 1.1373 0.1663 6.014 189.8 474.7 664.5 180 2559.6 355.4 671.7 1.814 0.0078 128.3 410.8 192.9 603.7
12.50 177.8 188.9 372.0 1.1400 0.1599 6.254 191.7 473.1 664.8 200 2844.0 364.1 687.4 1.990 0.0062 161.6 431.6 151.2 582.8
13.00 184.9 190.7 375.3 1.1425 0.1540 6.494 193.6 471.5 665.1 225.56 3208.7 374.15 705.47 3.170 0.0032 315.5 503.3 0 503.3
20
Standard Flow Velocity of Fluid
In order to reduce pressure loss inside piping, it is an ideal way to make the diameter of the piping as large as
possible. On the other hand, the smaller the piping diameter, the better in terms of piping costs, etc. In addition, heat
loss also increases with an increase in the piping diameter.
In selecting a nominal size of piping, it is better to identify permissible pressure loss from the purpose of use, and
find the smallest nominal size of piping that can keep the actual pressure loss within the range. However, an
excessively high flow velocity results in serious wear in piping and may cause vibration. Then, it is a general way to
determine a standard flow velocity of fluid according to the purpose of use and based on the type and
characteristics of the fluid to be used and the piping diameter.
Fluid Remarks Standard flow velocity
Auxiliary piping for vacuum or
15 m/s (10-20)
Saturated steam small-diameter piping
Large-diameter piping 30 m/s (20-40)
Piping diameter: Approx. φ 75-φ 250 40 m/s (30-50)
Superheated vapor
Piping of high-grade material 70 m/s (65-80)
Inlet of steam coil 0.3-0.7 MPa 30 m/s (25-30)
High pressure: 1.0 MPa 20 m/s (20-25)
Air Low pressure 15 m/s ( 5-15)
Extremely low pressure: 0.1 MPa 10 m/s ( 3-10)
Water, Oil 2 m/s ( 2- 4)
· This table shows a standard flow velocity of each type of fluid set based on the
requirements defined in JIS F 7101 (Shipbuilding – Pipes of machinery –
Standard velocity of flow).
Flow Velocity Table for Steam inside the Pipe

■Carbon steel pipe for piping v = 30 m/s Saturated steam (kg/h)
Nominal size
15A 20A 25A 32A 40A 50A 65A 80A 100A 125A 150A 200A 250A
Pressure (MPa)
0.05 18 33 55 92 125 202 334 471 803 1239 1745 3036 4682
0.1 24 44 72 120 164 265 437 617 1051 1623 2285 3975 6130
0.2 35 64 105 176 240 388 639 903 1538 2373 3341 5812 8963
0.3 47 84 138 231 314 508 837 1183 2015 3109 4377 7615 11743
0.4 58 104 170 285 387 627 1033 1460 2485 3835 5400 9394 14487
0.5 69 124 202 339 460 745 1227 1734 2952 4555 6413 11156 17205
0.6 79 143 234 392 533 862 1420 2006 3415 5270 7420 12908 19905
0.7 90 163 266 445 605 978 1611 2276 3876 5981 8421 14650 22591
0.8 101 182 297 498 676 1094 1802 2546 4335 6690 9418 16385 25267
0.9 112 201 329 551 748 1209 1993 2815 4793 7396 10413 18115 27936
1.0 122 220 360 603 819 1325 2183 3083 5250 8101 11406 19842 30599
1.1 133 240 392 655 890 1440 2372 3351 5707 8805 12397 21567 33258
1.2 144 259 423 708 961 1555 2562 3619 6162 9509 13388 23290 35915
1.3 154 278 454 760 1033 1670 2752 3887 6618 10212 14378 25012 38572
1.4 165 297 486 813 1104 1785 2941 4155 7074 10915 15368 26734 41227
1.5 176 316 517 865 1175 1900 3131 4422 7530 11619 16358 28457 43884
1.6 186 336 548 917 1246 2015 3320 4690 7986 12322 17349 30181 46542
1.7 197 355 580 970 1317 2130 3510 4958 8442 13027 18340 31905 49202
1.8 208 374 611 1022 1389 2246 3700 5227 8899 13732 19333 33632 51865
1.9 218 393 642 1075 1460 2361 3890 5496 9357 14438 20328 35363 54533
2.0 229 413 674 1128 1532 2477 4081 5765 9816 15145 21323 37094 57204
20
Flow Velocity Table for Air inside the Pipe
■Carbon steel pipe for piping v = 15 m/s · t = 20ºC (kg/h)
Nominal size
15A 20A 25A 32A 40A 50A 65A 80A 100A 125A 150A 200A 250A
Pressure (MPa)
0.1 26 47 77 129 175 283 467 659 1123 1733 2440 4245 6547
0.2 39 70 115 193 263 425 700 989 1685 2600 3660 6368 9821
0.3 52 94 154 258 350 567 934 1319 2247 3467 4881 8491 13094
0.4 65 118 192 322 438 708 1167 1649 2808 4333 6101 10614 16368
0.5 78 141 231 387 526 850 1401 1979 3370 5200 7321 12737 19642
0.6 91 165 270 451 613 992 1635 2309 3932 6067 8542 14860 22915
0.7 105 189 308 516 701 1134 1868 2639 4494 6934 9762 16983 26189
0.8 118 212 347 581 789 1275 2102 2969 5055 7801 10982 19106 29463
0.9 131 236 385 645 876 1417 2335 3299 5617 8667 12203 21228 32737
1.0 144 260 424 710 964 1559 2569 3629 6179 9534 13423 23351 36011
1.1 157 283 463 774 1052 1701 2802 3959 6741 10401 14643 25474 39284
1.2 170 307 501 839 1139 1843 3036 4289 7302 11268 15864 27597 42558
1.3 183 330 540 903 1227 1984 3270 4619 7864 12134 17084 29720 45832
1.4 196 354 578 968 1315 2126 3503 4949 8426 13001 18304 31843 49106
1.5 210 378 617 1033 1402 2268 3737 5279 8988 13868 19525 33966 52379
1.6 223 401 656 1097 1490 2410 3970 5609 9549 14735 20745 36089 55653
1.7 236 425 694 1162 1578 2551 4204 5938 10111 15602 21965 38212 58927
1.8 249 449 733 1226 1665 2693 4437 6268 10673 16468 23186 40335 62201
1.9 262 472 771 1291 1753 2835 4671 6598 11235 17335 24406 42457 65474
2.0 275 496 810 1355 1841 2977 4905 6928 11796 18202 25626 44580 68748
Flow Velocity Table for Water inside the Pipe

■Carbon steel pipe for piping (m3/h)
Nominal size
15A 20A 25A 32A 40A 50A 65A 80A 100A 125A 150A 200A 250A
Flow Velocity (m/s)
0.2 0.15 0.26 0.43 0.72 0.98 1.58 2.61 3.68 6.27 9.67 13.61 23.68 36.52
0.4 0.29 0.53 0.86 1.44 1.96 3.16 5.21 7.36 12.53 19.34 27.23 47.37 73.04
0.6 0.44 0.79 1.29 2.16 2.93 4.74 7.82 11.04 18.80 29.01 40.84 71.05 109.57
0.8 0.59 1.05 1.72 2.88 3.91 6.33 10.42 14.72 25.07 38.68 54.46 94.73 146.09
1.0 0.73 1.32 2.15 3.60 4.89 7.91 13.03 18.40 31.33 48.35 68.07 118.42 182.61
1.2 0.88 1.58 2.58 4.32 5.87 9.49 15.63 22.09 37.60 58.02 81.68 142.10 219.13
1.4 1.03 1.85 3.01 5.04 6.85 11.07 18.24 25.77 43.87 67.69 95.30 165.78 255.65
1.6 1.17 2.11 3.44 5.76 7.82 12.65 20.85 29.45 50.14 77.36 108.91 189.46 292.18
1.8 1.32 2.37 3.87 6.48 8.80 14.23 23.45 33.13 56.40 87.03 122.53 213.15 328.70
2.0 1.47 2.64 4.31 7.20 9.78 15.82 26.06 36.81 62.67 96.70 136.14 236.83 365.22
2.5 1.83 3.30 5.38 9.00 12.23 19.77 32.57 46.01 78.34 120.87 170.17 296.04 456.52
3.0 2.20 3.96 6.46 10.81 14.67 23.72 39.09 55.21 94.00 145.05 204.21 355.25 547.83
3.5 2.56 4.61 7.53 12.61 17.12 27.68 45.60 64.42 109.67 169.22 238.24 414.45 639.13
4.0 2.93 5.27 8.61 14.41 19.56 31.63 52.12 73.62 125.34 193.40 272.28 473.66 730.44
5.0 3.66 6.59 10.76 18.01 24.45 39.54 65.15 91.02 156.67 241.75 340.35 592.08 913.05
20
Property of Gas
Properties Adiabatic index Limit temperature Critical pressure Pc
Chemical formula Molecular weight Cp/Cv Tc
Name of gas k (K) (bar) (kgf/cm2abs)
Acetylene C2H2 26.04 1.26 308.7 62.5 63.7
Air 28.96 1.40 − − −
Ammonia NH3 17.03 1.31 405.6 114.6 116.9
Argon Ar 39.95 1.67 150.8 49.4 50.4
Benzene C6H6 78.12 1.12 562.8 49.6 50.6
Isobutane iso-C4H10 58.13 1.10 408.2 37.0 37.7
n-butane n-C4H10 58.13 1.09 425.2 37.5 38.2
Carbon disulfide CS2 76.14 1.21 549.2 76.5 78.0
Carbon dioxide CO2 44.00 1.29 304.2 76.3 77.8
Carbon monoxide CO 28.01 1.40 133.0 36.2 36.9
Chlorine Cl2 70.91 1.36 417.2 78.3 79.8
Cyclohexane C6H12 84.16 1.09 481.6 40.6 41.4
n-decane n-C10H22 142.29 1.03 618.4 21.3 21.7
Ethane C2H6 30.07 1.19 305.4 48.9 49.9
Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH 46.07 − 516.2 63.8 65.0
Ethylene C2H4 28.05 1.24 282.7 50.9 51.9
Helium n-CH3 (CH2)5CH3 4.00 1.66 5.3 2.4 2.4
n-heptane n-C6H14 100.21 1.05 540.2 27.3 27.8
n-hexane n-C3H14 86.18 1.06 507.7 30.3 30.9
Hydrogen chloride HCl 36.46 1.41 324.7 84.3 86.0
Hydrogen H2 2.02 1.41 33.2 13.2 13.5
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 34.08 1.32 373.6 91.6 93.4
Methane CH4 16.04 1.31 190.9 47.1 48.0
Methyl alcohol CH3OH 32.04 1.20 512.6 80.2 81.8
Methyl sulfide CH3Cl 50.49 1.20 416.3 67.5 68.8
Nitrogen N2 28.01 1.40 126.3 34.4 35.1
Nitrous oxide N2O 44.01 1.30 309.3 73.9 75.4
n-nonan n-CH3 (CH2)7CH3 128.26 1.04 594.7 23.0 23.5
Oxygen O2 32.00 1.40 154.7 51.2 52.2
n-pentane n-CH3 (CH2)3CH3 72.15 1.07 470.1 33.5 34.2
n-propane n-CH3CH2CH3 44.11 1.13 370.0 42.7 43.5
Steam H2O 18.02 1.33 647.1 221.2 225.6
Sulfur dioxide SO2 64.06 1.29 593.6 42.3 43.1
Toluene C6H5CH3 92.15 1.09 593.6 32.3 43.1
Propylene CH3CHCH2 42.08 1.15 365.1 46.0 46.9
Octane C8H18 114 1.05 − − −
Remark 1 The Tc and Pc of air are 132.45 (K) and 38.433 (kg/cm2abs), respectively (adopted from ISO).
Remark 2 Add 8 to each of the Tc and Pc of hydrogen and helium when calculating the compression factor Z.
20
Density of Liquid
This table shows the density of each type of fluid under atmospheric pressure.
Temperature Density Temperature Density Temperature Density

Liquid Liquid Liquid
˚C kg/m3 ˚C kg/m3 ˚C kg/m3
Acetone 20 791 Glycerine 18 1260 Rapeseed oil 15 910-920

Aniline 20 1022 Whale oil 15 880 Castor oil 18 961
Linseed oil 15 930 Crude oil 15 660-750 Beer 12 1020-1040
Ammonia water Acetic acid 20 1049 Lard 15 920
20 900
(approx. 25% NH3) Saline solution ( 5%NaCl) 10345 Benzine 680-720
Alcohol (ethyl) 20 789 〃 (15% 〃 ) 18 1109 Benzol 20 879
〃 (ethyl) 20 791 〃 (25% 〃 ) 18 1189.7 Machine oil 20 900-910
Ether (ethyl) 18 717 Heavy oil 850-910 Sulfuric acid( 25%H2SO4) 18 1179.6
Hydrochloric acid 10% 18 1048.2 Nitric acid ( 25%NHO3) 18 1154 〃 ( 50% 〃 ) 18 1397
〃 20% 18 1098.9 〃 ( 55% 〃 ) 18 1314 〃 (100% 〃 ) 18 1833
〃 40% 18 1199 〃 (100% 〃 ) 1502 Copper sulfate salt (5%CuSO4) 1107
Olive oil 18 915 Cylinder oil 20 920-940 18 1167
Seawater 4 1026 Spindle oil 20 890-900 Fresh water 0 999.87
Petroleum (kerosene) 15 790-820 〃 4 1000
Caustic potash(10%KOH) 18 1091 〃 15 999.13
〃 (30% 〃 ) 18 1290 Caustic soda (10%NaOH) 18 1109.8 〃 25 997.07
〃 (50% 〃 ) 18 1510 〃 (30% 〃 ) 18 1329
Gasoline (volatile oil) 660-750 〃 (50% 〃 ) 18 1526.8
Milk (whole milk) 15 1028 Tar (coal) 1110-1260
〃 (skim) 15 1032 Turpentine oil 18 870
Density of Gas
This table shows the density and specific gravity of each type of gas in the standard condition (temperature: 0˚C,
pressure: 0.1013 MPa·A).
Standard Specific Standard Specific

Chemical Molecular Chemical Molecular
Gas or steam density gravity Gas or steam density gravity
formula weight formula weight
kg/m3 (Gas) Air = 1 kg/m3 (Gas) Air = 1
Nitrous oxide N2O 44 1.978 1.530 Oxygen O2 32 1.43 1.105
Acetylene C2H2 26.04 1.16 0.910 Cyanogen (CN)2 52 2.32 1.81
Acetone C3H6O 58 2.58 2.00 Hydrogen cyanide CNH 27 1.22 0.95
Bromine Br2 160 6.87 5.39
Ammonia gas NH3 17.03 0.76 0.596 Mercury Hg 200 9.02 6.98
Steam (100˚C) H2O 18.02 0.60 0.463
Sulfur dioxide SO2 64.06 2.92 2.26 Hydrogen H2 2.02 0.09 0.070
Alcohol (ethyl) C2H6O 46.07 2.65 1.61 Carbon dioxide CO2 44 1.97 1.529
Argon Ar 39.95 1.78 1.38 Nitrogen N2 28.01 1.25 0.967
Aldehyde C2H4O 44 1.96 1.53 City gas 12.54 0.56 0.43
Sulfur S2 64 2.85 2.20 Toluene C7H8 92.15 4.10 3.18
Carbon monoxide CO 28.01 1.250 0.967 Naphthalene C10H8 128 5.72 4.43
Ethane C2H6 30.07 1.34 1.049

Ethylene C2H4 28.05 1.26 0.975 Helium He 4 0.178 0.138
Ether C4H10O 74 3.30 2.56 Benzene C6H6 78.12 3.48 2.69
Propane C3H8 44.11 1.96 1.529
Hydrogen chloride Pentane C5H12 72.15 3.22 2.49
HCl 36.46 1.63 1.268
(Hydrochloric acid) Methane (marsh gas) CH4 16.04 0.717 0.555
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 34.08 1.54 1.191
Carbonate chloride COCl2 99 4.42 3.42 Carbon disulfide CS2 76.14 3.42 2.64
Chlorine Cl2 70.91 3.16 2.491 Sulfuric acid H2SO4 98 2.78 2.15
Xylol C8H10 106 4.72 3.67
Chloroform CHCl3 119.5 5.30 4.12 Hydrogen phosphide PH3 34 1.53 1.18
Air 28.96 1.293 1.000
Nitrogen oxide NO 30 1.34 1.037
20
How to Convert the Volume of a Gas
Since the volume of a gas changes according to temperature or pressure, it is indicated in mass per unit volume
(kg/m3) in the standard condition (temperature: 0˚C, pressure: 1 atm ≒ 0.1 MPa·A).
Explained below is how to convert the volume of a gas.
■How to convert the volume [m ] of a gas into [m (standard condition)]

3 3
[Example] Assuming that the volume of the fluid, air in this example, is 100 m3 at a pressure of 0.2 MPa and a
temperature of 17˚C, apply Boyle-Charle's law:
PV P'V' T P'V'
From = , V= x
T T' P T'
where:
P : Pressure in the standard condition = 0.1 MPa·A
P' : Pressure in the condition to be obtained (current condition) [MPa·A]
V : Volume in the standard condition [m3 (standard condition)]
V' : Volume in the condition to be obtained (current condition) [m3]
T : Temperature in the standard condition = 273 K (0˚C)
T' : Temperature in the condition to be obtained (current condition) [K]
T P'V'
From V = x
P T'
The volume in the standard condition is:
273 (0.2 + 0.1) x 100

x ≒ 283 m3 (standard condition)
0.1 (273 + 17)
■How to convert the volume [m (standard condition)] of a gas into kg

3
When the fluid is air, its standard density is 1.293 kg/m3 (standard condition). So:
283 [m3 (standard condition)] x 1.293 [kg/m3 (standard condition)] = 365 (kg)
Fluid name 〔kg/m3〕(standard condition)
Standard density
Air 1.293
Nitrogen 1.25
Ammonia gas 0.76
Argon 1.78
Carbon dioxide 1.97
20
Oil Viscosity Chart
2000
1000
500
300
200
100
50 Heavy oil C
♯
18
0
Tu
30 rb
ine
Kinetic viscosity (cSt)
oil
20
He
♯140 Cylinder oil av
yo
il B
10
♯90 Turbine oil
Spindle oil No.2

5 Heavy oil A
3
Lilght oil
2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Temperature (˚C)
■Densities of major fuel oils

Fluid name Density〔g/m3〕
Kerosene 0.79-0.82
Conversion of viscosity unit Light oil 0.83-0.88
Heavy oil A 0.85-0.9
Heavy oil Heavy oil B 0.9-0.92
Absolute viscosity (cP)
Kinetic viscosity (cSt) = Heavy oil C 0.92-1.0
Density (g/cm3)
Cylinder oil 0.92-0.94

Spindle oil 0.89-0.9
· This table shows the densities of the oils at
atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
20
Cast Iron Pipe Flanges Excerpt from JIS B 2239-2004
The relationship among the nominal pressures and materials of cast iron pipe flanges for connecting piping and
valves to be used for general piping, such as piping for steam, air, gas, water, and oil, the condition of the fluid, and
the maximum working pressure is defined as follows in JIS B 2239-2004.
This standard applies to the pressure ratings of flanged type valves and flanged piping joints.
Table 1 Pressure - Temperature rating

Unit: MPa
Maximum working pressure
Nominal pressure Material group symbol Temperature of fluid ˚C
–10 - 120 220 300 350
G2∙G3 0.7 0.5 − −
5K
D1∙M1∙M2 0.7 0.6 0.5 −
G2∙G3 1.4 1.0 − −
10K
D1∙M1∙M2 1.4 1.2 1.0 −
10K Thin-model G2∙D1∙M1∙M2 0.7 − − −
G2∙G3 2.2 1.6 − −
16K
D1∙M1∙M2 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6
G3∙M1 2.8 2.0 − −
20K
D1∙M2 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.0
Remark 1 For material group symbols, refer to Table 2.
Remark 2 To calculate the maximum working pressure at an intermediate temperature of each temperature shown in the table, use
proportional interpolation.
Table 2 Material group

Material Mechanical property Material standard Material standard (reference)
Material Minimum Minimum Minimum
Standard Material Standard Material
Type group tensile strength elongation 0.2%/strength
No symbol No. symbol
symbol N/mm2 % N/mm2
G1 *2 145 − − − − ASTM A 126 A
200 − − JIS G 5501 FC 200 ISO 185 200
Gray cast iron G2
214 − − − − ASTM A 126 B
G3 250 − − JIS G 5501 FC 250 ISO 185 250
415 18 276 JIS B 8270 FCD-S *1 ASTM A 395 −
350 22 220 JIS G 5502 FCD 350 ISO 1083 350-22
D1
400 15 250 JIS G 5502 FCD 400 ISO 1083 400-15
Ductile cast iron
450 10 280 JIS G 5502 FCD 450 ISO 1083 450-10
(400) (5) (300) − − ISO 2531 400-5
D2 *2
(600) (3) (370) − − ISO 1083 600-3
270 5 165 JIS G 5705 FCMB 27-05 ISO/DIS 5922 BF 27-05
M1
300 6 190 − − ISO/DIS 5922 BF 30-06
Blackheart
340 10 220 − − ASTM A 47 32510
malleable cast iron
M2 FCMB 35-10
350 10 200 JIS G 5705 ISO/DIS 5922 BF 35-10
FCMB 35-10S *1
*1 It is not necessary to take into account the impact value except when the impact value specified in the appropriate material standard
must be met according to the applicable regulation.
*2 Material group symbols G1 and D2 are shown for reference because they represent the organization of the respective material groups.
The values in parentheses under Mechanical property are values based on the appropriate standards.
20
Steel Pipe Flanges Excerpt from JIS B 2220-2004
The relationship among the nominal pressures and materials of steel pipe flanges for connecting piping and valves
to be used for general piping, such as piping for steam, air, gas, water, and oil, the condition of the fluid, and the
maximum working pressure is defined as follows in JIS B 2220-2004.
Table 1 Pressure - Temperature rating

Unit: MPa
Maximum working pressure
Nominal Material group no.
Temperature of fluid ˚C
pressure Classification
Specified material Reference material TL-120 220 300 350 400 425 450 475 490
Ⅰ 0.7 0.6 0.5 − − − − − −
001∙002∙
1.1 Ⅱ 0.5 0.5 0.5 − − − − − −
003a −
Ⅲ 0.5 − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 0.7 0.6 0.5 − − − − − −
021a∙021b∙
5K 2.1, 2.2 Ⅱ 0.5 0.5 0.5 − − − − − −
022a∙022b −
Ⅲ 0.5 − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 0.7 0.6 0.5 − − − − − −
023a∙023b 2.3 Ⅱ 0.5 0.5 0.5 − − − − − −
Ⅲ 0.5 − − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 1.4 1.2 1.0 − − − − − −
001∙002∙
1.1 Ⅱ 1.0 1.0 1.0 − − − − − −
003a −
Ⅲ 1.0 − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 1.4 1.2 1.0 − − − − − −
021a∙021b∙
10K 2.1, 2.2 Ⅱ 1.0 1.0 0.9 − − − − − −
022a∙022b −
Ⅲ 1.0 − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 1.4 1.2 1.0 − − − − − −
023a∙023b 2.3 Ⅱ 1.0 0.9 0.8 − − − − − −
Ⅲ 1.0 − − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.8 *1 1.6 *1 − − −
002∙003a 1.1 Ⅱ 1.6 1.6 1.6 − − − − − −
Ⅲ 1.6 − − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.6 − − −
021a∙021b∙
16K 2.1, 2.2 Ⅱ 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 − − −
022a∙022b −
Ⅲ 1.6 − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.6 − − −
023a∙023b 2.3 Ⅱ 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 − − −
Ⅲ 1.6 − − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.3 *1 2.0 *1 − − −
002∙003a 1.1 Ⅱ 2.0 2.0 2.0 − − − − − −
Ⅲ 2.0 − − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.0 − − −
021a∙021b∙
20K 2.1, 2.2 Ⅱ 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 − − −
022a∙022b −
Ⅲ 2.0 − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.0 − − −
023a∙023b 2.3 Ⅱ 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 − − −
Ⅲ 2.0 − − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 5.1 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.4 *1
3.0 *1 − − −
002∙003a 1.1
Ⅱ 3.9 3.9 3.9 − − − − − −
Ⅰ 5.1 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.8 *2 3.6 *2 3.4 *2 3.0 *2 −
013a 1.5
Ⅱ 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7 *2 3.6 *2 3.4 *2 3.0 *2 −
Ⅰ 5.1 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0
015a 1.9
Ⅱ 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 2.0
30K
Ⅰ 5.1 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.4 *3 3.2 *3
*4 3.0 *3
*4
021a∙021b∙
Ⅱ 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.3 *3 2.3 *3 2.3 *3
2.1, 2.2 *4 *4
022a∙022b −
Ⅲ 3.9 − − − − − − −
Ⅰ 5.1 4.6 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.4 *5 − −
023a∙023b 2.3 Ⅱ 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.1 2.0 2.0 *5 − −
Ⅲ 3.5 − − − − − − − −
*1 The values do not apply to JIS G 5101 SC 480 of material group 002 and ASTMA 537 CL1 and ISO 9328-2 PH355 of material group 1.1.
*2 The values do not apply to ASTM A 352 LC1 of material group 1.5.
*3 The values do not apply to ASTM A 351 CF3 and ISO 4991 C46 of material groups 021b and 2.1.
*4 The values do not apply to ASTM A 351 CF3M, ISO 4991 C57, ISO 4991 C60, ISO 4991 C61, and ISO 4991 C61LC of material groups 022b and 2.2.
*5 The values do not apply to ASTM A 240 304L, ASTM A 182 F304L, and ISO 9328-5 x 2 CrNi 1810 of material groups 023a and 2.3.
Remark 1 Refer to Table 2 for the specified materials in the Material group No. column, and Reference Tables 1 and 2 for reference materials.
Remark 2 TL is a minimum working temperature equal to or below room temperature, and a minimum working temperature below room temperature needs
to be determined by consultation between the parties who place and receive an order.
Remark 3 To calculate the maximum working pressure at an intermediate temperature of each temperature shown in the table, use proportional
interpolation.
20
Steel Pipe Flanges Excerpt from JIS B 2220-2004
Table 2 Material group
Rolled material Forged material Cast material Material
Material type
Standard No. Material symbol Standard No. Material symbol Standard No. Material symbol group No.
JIS G 3101 SS 400 JIS G 3201 SF 390A JIS G 5101 SC 410
001
JIS G 4051 S 20 C JIS G 3202 SFVC1 JIS G 5151 SCPH 1
Carbon steel
JIS G 4051 S 25 C JIS G 3201 SF 440A JIS G 5101 SC 480 002
− − JIS G 3202 SFVC2A JIS G 5151 SCPH 2 003a
− − JIS G 3203 SFVAF1 JIS G 5151 SCPH 11 013a
Low-alloy steel
− − JIS G 3203 SFVAF11A JIS G 5151 SCPH 21 015a
JIS G 4304 SUS 304
JIS G 3214 SUS F304 JIS G 5121 SCS 13A 021a
JIS G 4305 SUS 304
− − − − JIS G 5121 SCS 19A 021b
JIS G 4304 SUS 316
JIS G 3214 SUS F316 JIS G 5121 SCS 14A 022a
JIS G 4305 SUS 316
Stainless steel
− − − − JIS G 5121 SCS 16A 022b
JIS G 4304 SUS 304L
JIS G 3214 SUS F304L − − 023a
JIS G 4305 SUS 304L
JIS G 4304 SUS 316L
JIS G 3214 SUS F316L − − 023b
JIS G 4305 SUS 316L
Remark 1 SS 400 specified in JIS G 3101 and SF 390A and SF 440A stipulated in JIS G 3201 shall not contain more than 0.35% of carbon.
Remark 2 S20 C and S25 C specified in JIS G 4051 shall undergo an inspection according to JIS G 0303. S20 C and S25 C shall have
tensile strengths of 400 N/mm2 or more and 440 N/mm2 or more, respectively.
Reference table 1 ASTM materials

Rolled material Forged material Cast material Material
Material type
Standard No. Material symbol Standard No. Material symbol Standard No. Material symbol group No.
A 515 70 A 105 −
Carbon steel A 516 70 A 350 LF2 A216 WCB 1.1
A 537 CL 1
A 204 A A217 WC1
A 182 F1 1.5
A 204 B A352 LC1
Low-alloy steel
A 182 F11 CL2
A 387 11 CL2 A217 WC6 1.9
A 182 F12 CL2
A 240 304 A 182 F304 A351 CF3
2.1
A 240 304H A 182 F304H A351 CF8
A 240 316 A351 CF3M
A 182 F316
A 240 316H A351 CF8M 2.2
Stainless steel A 182 F316H
A 240 317 A351 CG8M
A 240 304L A 182 F304L
− − 2.3
A 240 316L A 182 F316L
Reference table 2 ISO materials Unit: mm
Rolled material Forged material Cast material

Material
Material type Standard Material Standard Material Standard Material
Thickness Thickness group No.
No. symbol No. symbol No. symbol
PH290 60 or less F13 63 or less
Carbon steel ISO 9328-2 PH315 60-100 ISO 2604-1 F18 63-250 ISO 4991 C26-52H 1.1
PH355 100 or less F22 63 or less
ISO 9328-2 16 Mo 3 60 or less ISO 2604-1 F28 − ISO 4991 C28H 1.5
Low-alloy steel
− − − − − − ISO 4991 C32H 1.9
C46
ISO 9328-5 X5 CrNi 18 9 − ISO 2604-1 F49 − ISO 4991 2.1
C47
X5 CrNiMO F62 − C57
−
17 12 C60
ISO 9328-5 ISO 2604-1 ISO 4991 2.2
Stainless steel X7 CrNiMO F64 − C61
−
17 12 C61LC
X2 CrNi 18 10 − F46 −
ISO 9328-5 X2 CrNiMo 17 12 − ISO 2604-1 − − 2.3
F59 −
X2 CrNiMo 17 13 −
20
Excerpt from JIS B 2220-2004 Steel pipe flanges
Basic Dimensions of Pipe Flanges Excerpt from JIS B 2239-2004 Cast iron pipe flanges
φh
t
φg
f
φC
φD
■Basic dimensions of nominal pressure 5K flanges Unit: mm

Outer Outer Each dimension of flange Bolt hole
Nominal
Nominal diameter of diameter of t f Diameter PCD Diameter size of
size steel piping flange Quantity
applied D g C h bolt thread
Other than gray cast iron Gray cast iron
10 17.3 75 9 12 1 39 55 4 12 M10
15 21.7 80 9 12 1 44 60 4 12 M10
20 27.2 85 10 14 1 49 65 4 12 M10
25 34.0 95 10 14 1 59 75 4 12 M10
32 42.7 115 12 16 2 70 90 4 15 M12
40 48.6 120 12 16 2 75 95 4 15 M12
50 60.5 130 14 16 2 85 105 4 15 M12
65 76.3 155 14 18 2 110 130 4 15 M12
80 89.1 180 14 18 2 121 145 4 19 M16
100 114.3 200 16 20 2 141 165 8 19 M16
125 139.8 235 16 20 2 176 200 8 19 M16
150 165.2 265 18 22 2 206 230 8 19 M16
200 216.3 320 20 24 2 252 280 8 23 M20
250 267.4 385 22 26 2 317 345 12 23 M20
300 318.5 430 22 28 3 360 390 12 23 M20
350 355.6 480 24 30 3 403 435 12 25 M22
400 406.4 540 24 30 3 463 495 16 25 M22
450 457.2 605 24 30 3 523 555 16 25 M22
500 508.0 655 24 32 3 573 605 20 25 M22
550 558.8 720 26 32 3 630 665 20 27 M24
600 609.6 770 26 32 3 680 715 20 27 M24

Outer Outer Each dimension of flange Bolt hole Nominal
diameter diameter t Diameter size of
Nominal
of steel of Other than gray cast iron Gray cast iron Diameter PCD h bolt thread
size f Quantity
piping flange Standard- Thin- Standard- Thin- g C Standard- Thin- Standard- Thin-
applied D model model model model model model model model
10 17.3 90 12 9 14 12 1 46 65 4 15 12 M12 M10
15 21.7 95 12 9 16 12 1 51 70 4 15 12 M12 M10
20 27.2 100 14 10 18 14 1 56 75 4 15 12 M12 M10
25 34.0 125 14 12 18 16 1 67 90 4 19 15 M16 M12
32 42.7 135 16 12 20 18 2 76 100 4 19 15 M16 M12
40 48.6 140 16 12 20 18 2 81 105 4 19 15 M16 M12
50 60.5 155 16 14 20 18 2 96 120 4 19 15 M16 M12
65 76.3 175 18 14 22 18 2 116 140 4 19 15 M16 M12
80 89.1 185 18 14 22 18 2 126 150 8 19 15 M16 M12
100 114.3 210 18 16 24 20 2 151 175 8 19 15 M16 M12

125 139.8 250 20 18 24 22 2 182 210 8 23 19 M20 M16
150 165.2 280 22 18 26 22 2 212 240 8 23 19 M20 M16
200 216.3 330 22 20 26 24 2 262 290 12 23 19 M20 M16
250 267.4 400 24 22 30 26 2 324 355 12 25 23 M22 M20
300 318.5 445 24 22 32 28 3 368 400 16 25 23 M22 M20
350 355.6 490 26 24 34 28 3 413 445 16 25 23 M22 M20
400 406.4 560 28 24 36 30 3 475 510 16 27 25 M24 M22
450 457.2 620 30 − 38 − 3 530 565 20 27 25 M24 M22
500 508.0 675 30 − 40 − 3 585 620 20 27 25 M24 M22
550 558.8 745 32 − 42 − 3 640 680 20 33 − M30 −
600 609.6 795 32 − 44 − 3 690 730 24 33 − M30 −
20
φh
t
φg
f
φC
φD

Nominal
Nominal diameter of diameter of t
Diameter PCD Diameter size of
size steel piping flange Other than Gray cast f Quantity
gray cast iron iron
10 17.3 90 12 − 1 46 65 4 15 M12
15 21.7 95 12 − 1 51 70 4 15 M12
20 27.2 100 14 − 1 56 75 4 15 M12
25 34.0 125 14 − 1 67 90 4 19 M16
32 42.7 135 16 − 2 76 100 4 19 M16
40 48.6 140 16 − 2 81 105 4 19 M16
50 60.5 155 16 20 2 96 120 8 19 M16
65 76.3 175 18 22 2 116 140 8 19 M16
80 89.1 200 20 24 2 132 160 8 23 M20
100 114.3 225 22 26 2 160 185 8 23 M20
125 139.8 270 22 26 2 195 225 8 25 M22
150 165.2 305 24 28 2 230 260 12 25 M22
200 216.3 350 26 30 2 275 305 12 25 M22
250 267.4 430 28 34 2 345 380 12 27 M24
300 318.5 480 30 36 3 395 430 16 27 M24
350 355.6 540 34 38 3 440 480 16 33 M30 x 3
400 406.4 605 38 42 3 495 540 16 33 M30 x 3
450 457.2 675 40 46 3 560 605 20 33 M30 x 3
500 508.0 730 42 50 3 615 660 20 33 M30 x 3
550 558.8 795 44 54 3 670 720 20 39 M36 x 3
600 609.6 845 46 58 3 720 770 24 39 M36 x 3

Nominal
Nominal diameter of diameter of t
size steel piping flange Other than Gray cast f Quantity
gray cast iron iron
10 17.3 90 14 16 1 46 65 4 15 M12
15 21.7 95 14 16 1 51 70 4 15 M12
20 27.2 100 16 18 1 56 75 4 15 M12
25 34.0 125 16 20 1 67 90 4 19 M16
32 42.7 135 18 20 2 76 100 4 19 M16
40 48.6 140 18 22 2 81 105 4 19 M16
50 60.5 155 18 22 2 96 120 8 19 M16
65 76.3 175 20 24 2 116 140 8 19 M16
80 89.1 200 22 26 2 132 160 8 23 M20
100 114.3 225 24 28 2 160 185 8 23 M20

125 139.8 270 26 30 2 195 225 8 25 M22
150 165.2 305 28 32 2 230 260 12 25 M22
200 216.3 350 30 34 2 275 305 12 25 M22
250 267.4 430 34 38 2 345 380 12 27 M24
300 318.5 480 36 40 3 395 430 16 27 M24
350 355.6 540 40 44 3 440 480 16 33 M30 x 3
400 406.4 605 46 50 3 495 540 16 33 M30 x 3
450 457.2 675 48 54 3 560 605 20 33 M30 x 3
500 508.0 730 50 58 3 615 660 20 33 M30 x 3
550 558.8 795 52 62 3 670 720 20 39 M36 x 3
600 609.6 845 54 66 3 720 770 24 39 M36 x 3
20
φh
t
φg
f
φC
φD

Nominal
Nominal diameter of diameter
size steel piping of flange t f Quantity
10 17.3 110 16 1 52 75 4 19 M16

15 21.7 115 18 1 55 80 4 19 M16
20 27.2 120 18 1 60 85 4 19 M16
25 34.0 130 20 1 70 95 4 19 M16
32 42.7 140 22 2 80 105 4 19 M16
40 48.6 160 22 2 90 120 4 23 M20
50 60.5 165 22 2 105 130 8 19 M16
65 76.3 200 26 2 130 160 8 23 M20
80 89.1 210 28 2 140 170 8 23 M20
90 101.6 230 30 2 150 185 8 25 M22
100 114.3 240 32 2 160 195 8 25 M22
125 139.8 275 36 2 195 230 8 25 M22
150 165.2 325 38 2 235 275 12 27 M24
200 216.3 370 42 2 280 320 12 27 M24
250 267.4 450 48 2 345 390 12 33 M30 x 3
300 318.5 515 52 3 405 450 16 33 M30 x 3
350 355.6 560 54 3 450 495 16 33 M30 x 3
400 406.4 630 60 3 510 560 16 39 M36 x 3
20
Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges Excerpt from JIS B 2240-1996 Copper alloy pipe flanges
The relationship among the nominal pressures and materials of copper alloy flanges for connecting piping and valves
to be used for general piping, such as piping for steam, air, gas, water, and oil, the condition of the fluid, and the
maximum working pressure is defined as follows in JIS B 2240-1996.
■The relation between condition of fluid and maximum working pressure Unit: MPa
Nominal pressure Maximum working Pressure for water
Condition of fluid
(Symbol) pressure pressure test (Reference) (1)
220˚C or less 0.49
Steam, air, gas, oil or pulsating flow (with pressure fluctuation)
5K 185˚C or less 0.59 0.98
Steady flow at the temperature of 120˚C or less (with small pressure fluctuation) 0.69
220˚C or less 0.98
10K 185˚C or less 1.18 1.96
220˚C or less 1.57
16K 185˚C or less 1.86 3.14
Note (1) The pressure for water pressure tests is a reference test pressure with a flange connected to piping. Follow another specified
pressure, if any.
Remark When the temperature or pressure is an intermediate level of the temperature or pressure specified in the table, the maximum
working pressure or temperature can be defined by interpolation.
■Basic materials
Nominal pressure
Integral flange Slip-on flanges (3)
(Symbol)
5K
JIS H 5111 CAC402∙ JIS H 5101 CAC202 (2) (4)∙
10K
CAC406 (2)∙CAC407 JIS H 5111 CAC407 (5)
16K
Note (2) Use the flanged when the temperature of the fluid is 205℃ or less.
Note (3) The material of a slip-on flanged for piping to be connected by welding needs to be determined by agreement or consultation
between the parties who place and receive an order.
Note (4) It is recommended that the Pb content be 1% or less.
Note (5) CAC407 can be used for slip-on brazed flanges on condition that the temperature of the fluid is in excess of 205˚C and the Sn and
Pb contents are 5 to 6% and 1% or less, respectively.
20
Basic Dimensions of Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges Excerpt from JIS B 2240-1996 Copper alloy pipe flanges
φh
t
φC
φD

Outer diameter of the pipe applied Outer diameter Flange Bolt hole Nominal
Nominal
of flange thickness PCD Diameter size of
size (1) (2) Quantity
D t C h bolt thread
10 16 12.70 90 12 65 4 15 M12
15 19 15.88 95 12 70 4 15 M12
20 25.4 22.22 100 14 75 4 15 M12
25 31.8 28.58 125 14 90 4 19 M16
32 38.1 34.92 135 16 100 4 19 M16
40 45 41.28 140 16 105 4 19 M16
50 50 53.98 155 16 120 4 19 M16
65 65 ∙ 75 66.68 175 18 140 4 19 M16
80 75 ∙ 76.2 79.38 185 18 150 8 19 M16
(90) 100 − 195 18 160 8 19 M16
100 100 104.78 210 18 175 8 19 M16
125 125 130.18 250 20 210 8 23 M20
150 150 155.58 280 22 240 8 23 M20
(175) 150 − 305 22 265 12 23 M20
200 200 − 330 22 290 12 23 M20
(225) 200 − 350 22 310 12 23 M20
250 250 − 400 24 355 12 25 M22
300 − − 445 24 400 16 25 M22
350 − − 490 26 445 16 25 M22
400 − − 560 28 510 16 27 M24
450 − − 620 30 565 20 27 M24
500 − − 675 30 620 20 27 M24
550 − − 745 32 680 20 33 M30
600 − − 795 32 730 24 33 M30
Remark 1 Do not use flanges of the nominal sizes in parentheses wherever possible.
Remark 2 The (1) column under Outer diameter of the pipe applied shows the outer diameters of representative piping among the piping shown in Table 7 (1)
in JIS H 3300 and Table 6 in JIS H 3320. Piping of outer diameters other than those specified in this table may apply based on agreement or
consultation between the parties who place and receive an order.
The (2) column under Outer diameter of the pipe applied shows outer diameters within the range specified in Table 7 (2) in JIS H 3300.
Remark 3 The gasket seat shall be a flat face.
Remark 4 The bolt thread nominal size of M30 conforms to class 2 specified in JIS B 1001.
Reference Use SS400 specified in JIS G 3101 for bolts and nuts to be used for clamping flanges.

Outer diameter of the pipe applied Outer diameter Flange Bolt hole Nominal
Nominal
of flange thickness PCD Diameter size of
size (1) (2) Quantity
D t C h bolt thread
10 16 12.70 90 12 65 4 15 M12
15 19 15.88 95 12 70 4 15 M12
20 25.4 22.22 100 14 75 4 15 M12
25 31.8 28.58 125 14 90 4 19 M16
32 38.1 34.92 135 16 100 4 19 M16
40 45 41.28 140 16 105 4 19 M16
50 50 53.98 155 16 120 8 19 M16
65 65 ∙ 75 66.68 175 18 140 8 19 M16

80 75 ∙ 76.2 79.38 200 20 160 8 23 M20
(90) 100 − 210 20 170 8 23 M20
100 100 104.78 225 22 185 8 23 M20
125 125 130.18 270 22 225 8 25 M22
150 150 155.58 305 24 260 12 25 M22
200 200 − 350 26 305 12 25 M22
250 250 − 430 28 380 12 27 M24
300 − − 480 30 430 16 27 M24
Remark 1 Do not use flanges of the nominal sizes in parentheses wherever possible.
Remark 2 The (1) column under ''Outer diameter of the pipe applied'' shows the outer diameters of representative piping among the piping shown in Table
7 (1) in JIS H 3300 and Table 6 in JIS H 3320. Piping of outer diameters other than those specified in this table may apply based on agreement
or consultation between the parties who place and receive an order.
The (2) column under ''Outer diameter of the pipe applied'' shows outer diameters within the range specified in Table 7 (2) in JIS H 3300.
Remark 3 The gasket seat shall be a flat face.
Reference Use SS400 specified in JIS G 3101 for bolts and nuts to be used for clamping flanges.
20
Basic Dimensions of ASME (ANSI) Pipe Flanges Excerpt from ASME B 16.5-2009
φh
t
φg
f
φC
φD
■Basic dimensions of 150lb steel flanges Unit: mm

Outer Each dimension of flange Bolt hole
Nominal diameter of Diameter of Nominal size
Thickness PCD Diameter
size flange raised face f Quantity of bolt
t C h
D g
15 90 9.6 34.9 2 60.3 4 16 1/2
20 100 11.2 42.9 2 69.9 4 16 1/2
25 110 12.7 50.8 2 79.4 4 16 1/2
32 115 14.3 63.5 2 88.9 4 16 1/2
40 125 15.9 73.0 2 98.4 4 16 1/2
50 150 17.5 92.1 2 120.7 4 19 5/8
65 180 20.7 104.8 2 139.7 4 19 5/8
80 190 22.3 127.0 2 152.4 4 19 5/8
90 215 22.3 139.7 2 177.8 8 19 5/8
100 230 22.3 157.2 2 190.5 8 19 5/8
125 255 22.3 185.7 2 215.9 8 22 3/4
150 280 23.9 215.9 2 241.3 8 22 3/4
200 345 27.0 269.9 2 298.5 8 22 3/4
250 405 28.6 323.8 2 362.0 12 26 7/8
300 485 30.2 381.0 2 431.8 12 26 7/8
350 535 33.4 412.8 2 476.3 12 29 1
400 595 35.0 469.9 2 539.8 16 29 1
450 635 38.1 533.4 2 577.9 16 32 1-1/8
500 700 41.3 584.2 2 635.0 20 32 1-1/8
600 815 46.1 692.2 2 749.3 20 35 1-1/4
The height of packing seat shall be 2 mm.
■Basic dimensions of 300lb steel flanges Unit: mm

Thickness raised face f PCD Quantity Diameter
size flange of bolt
t g C h
D
15 95 12.7 34.9 2 66.7 4 16 1/2
20 115 14.3 42.9 2 82.6 4 19 5/8
25 125 15.9 50.8 2 88.9 4 19 5/8
32 135 17.5 63.5 2 98.4 4 19 5/8
40 155 19.1 73.0 2 114.3 4 22 3/4
50 165 20.7 92.1 2 127.0 8 19 5/8
65 190 23.9 104.8 2 149.2 8 22 3/4
80 210 27.0 127.0 2 168.3 8 22 3/4
90 230 28.6 139.7 2 184.2 8 22 3/4
100 255 30.2 157.2 2 200.0 8 22 3/4

125 280 33.4 185.7 2 235.0 8 22 3/4
150 320 35.0 215.9 2 269.9 12 22 3/4
200 380 39.7 269.9 2 330.2 12 26 7/8
250 445 46.1 323.8 2 387.4 16 29 1
300 520 49.3 381.0 2 450.8 16 32 1-1/8
350 585 52.4 412.8 2 514.4 20 32 1-1/8
400 650 55.6 469.9 2 571.5 20 35 1-1/4
450 710 58.8 533.4 2 628.6 24 35 1-1/4
500 775 62.0 584.2 2 685.8 24 35 1-1/4
600 915 68.3 692.2 2 812.8 24 42 1-1/2
The height of packing seat shall be 2 mm.
20
Basic Dimensions of ASME (ANSI) Pipe Flanges Excerpt from ASME B 16.42-1998
φh
t
φg
f
φC
φD
■Basic dimensions of 150lb ductile iron flanges Unit: mm

t C h
D g
25 108.0 14.3 50.8 1.5 79.4 4 15.8 1/2
32 117.4 15.8 63.5 1.5 88.9 4 15.8 1/2
40 127.0 17.6 73.0 1.5 98.4 4 15.8 1/2
50 152.4 19.1 92.1 1.5 120.7 4 19.1 5/8
65 177.8 22.4 104.8 1.5 139.7 4 19.1 5/8
80 190.5 23.9 127.0 1.5 152.4 4 19.1 5/8
90 215.9 23.9 139.7 1.5 177.8 8 19.1 5/8
100 228.6 23.9 157.2 1.5 190.5 8 19.1 5/8
125 254.0 23.9 185.7 1.5 215.9 8 22.4 3/4
150 279.4 25.4 215.9 1.5 241.3 8 22.4 3/4
200 342.9 28.5 269.9 1.5 298.5 8 22.4 3/4
250 406.4 30.3 323.8 1.5 362.0 12 25.4 7/8
300 482.6 31.8 381.0 1.5 431.8 12 25.4 7/8
350 533.4 35.1 412.8 1.5 476.3 12 28.5 1
400 596.9 36.6 469.9 1.5 539.8 16 28.5 1
450 635.0 39.7 533.4 1.5 577.9 16 31.8 1-1/8
500 698.5 43.0 584.2 1.5 635.0 20 31.8 1-1/8
600 812.8 47.8 692.2 1.5 749.3 20 35.1 1-1/4
■Basic dimensions of 300lb ductile iron flanges Unit: mm

t C h
D g
25 124.0 17.6 50.8 1.5 88.9 4 19.1 5/8
32 133.4 19.1 63.5 1.5 98.4 4 19.1 5/8
40 155.5 20.6 73.0 1.5 114.3 4 22.4 3/4
50 165.1 22.4 92.1 1.5 127.0 8 19.1 5/8
65 190.5 25.4 104.8 1.5 149.2 8 22.4 3/4
80 209.6 28.5 127.0 1.5 168.3 8 22.4 3/4
90 228.6 30.3 139.7 1.5 184.2 8 22.4 3/4
100 254.0 31.8 157.2 1.5 200.0 8 22.4 3/4
125 279.4 35.1 185.7 1.5 235.0 8 22.4 3/4
150 317.5 36.6 215.9 1.5 269.9 12 22.4 3/4
200 381.0 41.2 269.9 1.5 330.2 12 25.4 7/8
250 444.5 47.8 323.8 1.5 387.4 16 28.5 1
300 520.7 50.8 381.0 1.5 450.8 16 31.8 1-1/8

350 584.2 53.9 412.8 1.5 514.4 20 31.8 1-1/8
400 647.7 57.2 469.9 1.5 571.5 20 35.1 1-1/4
450 711.2 60.5 533.4 1.5 628.6 24 35.1 1-1/4
500 774.7 63.5 584.2 1.5 685.8 24 35.1 1-1/4
600 914.4 69.9 692.2 1.5 812.8 24 41.2 1-1/2
20
Basic Dimensions of EN Pipe Flanges Excerpt from BS EN 1092-2: 1997
φh
t
φg
f
φC
φD
■Basic dimensions of PN 10/16 ductile iron flanges Unit: mm

t C h
D g
10 90 14.0 41 2 60 4 14 M12
15 95 14.0 46 2 65 4 14 M12
20 105 16.0 56 2 75 4 14 M12
25 115 16.0 65 3 85 4 14 M12
32 140 18.0 76 3 100 4 19 M16
40 150 19.0 84 3 110 4 19 M16
50 165 19.0 99 3 125 4 19 M16
60 175 19.0 108 3 135 4 19 M16
65 185 19.0 118 3 145 4 19 M16
80 200 19.0 132 3 160 8 19 M16
100 220 19.0 156 3 180 8 19 M16
125 250 19.0 184 3 210 8 19 M16
150 285 19.0 211 3 240 8 23 M20
200 340 20.0 266 3 295 12 23 M20
■Basic dimensions of PN 25 ductile iron flanges Unit: mm

t C h
D g
10 90 14.0 41 2 60 4 14 M12
15 95 14.0 46 2 65 4 14 M12
20 105 16.0 56 2 75 4 14 M12
25 115 16.0 65 3 85 4 14 M12
32 140 18.0 76 3 100 4 19 M16
40 150 19.0 84 3 110 4 19 M16
50 165 19.0 99 3 125 4 19 M16
60 175 19.0 108 3 135 8 19 M16
65 185 19.0 118 3 145 8 19 M16
80 200 19.0 132 3 160 8 19 M16
100 235 19.0 156 3 190 8 23 M20
125 270 19.0 184 3 220 8 28 M24
150 300 20.0 211 3 250 8 28 M24
200 360 22.0 274 3 310 12 28 M24
20
Corrosion Resistance of Metallic Materials
Corrosion-resistant materials need to be ●Corrosion resistance class
selected based on such conditions as the
type and property of the fluid, pressure, and Corrosion Corrosion rate
Remarks
temperature, and with actual equipment data resistance class (mm/Y)
taken into account. The material is extremely low in corrosion rate and most
A 0.125 or less
This table just shows reference data. For suitable for the material for valve bodies and trims.
actual use of materials, please contact us. The material may be used when another material superior to it in
B 0.125-1.25 corrosion resistance is expensive or unavailable for practical use,
only for portions allowed to corrode to a certain extent.
C 1.25 or more The material is unavailable.
Corrosion condition Stainless steel
Carbon steel
Hastelloy C
Hastelloy B
Zirconium
Cast iron
Remarks
Titanium
20Cr-30Ni
Inconel
Bronze
SUS440C
Nickel
Monel
(17-4PH)
SUS304
SUS316
SUS630
Concentration Temperature
(%) (˚C)
Room temperature A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Acetone 100
100 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Room temperature A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A (a)
Acetylene 100
100 A A A A A A A − − − A A A − −
Acetaldehyde Room temperature A A A A A A A A A B − A A − A
Aniline 100 Room temperature A A A A A-B A-B A C A-B A-B A A A A A
Room temperature A A A A A A A − − − − A A A −
Dry
100 A A A A A A A − − − − A A A −
Sulfur dioxide
5 Room temperature C C A A A − A − C − A A A B −
Wet
Total concentration 100 C C B B C − A B C C A A A C −
Alcohol (ethyl) Total concentration Room temperature A-B A-B A A A A A A-B A A A A A A A
Alcohol (methyl) Total concentration Room temperature A-B A-B A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Benzoic acid Total concentration Room temperature C C A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A A A-B A A
Ammonia 100 (Anhydrous) Room temperature A A A A A A A C A-B A-B A A A − −
Room temperature A A B A A A A C C C A A A A −
Ammonia wet steam
70 B B B A − − A C C C A-B A A A −
Sulfur (molten) 100 A A A A A A A C A A − A A − −
Ethane A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Ethylene A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Ethylene glycol 30 A A A A A-B A A A-B − − A A − A A
Room temperature C C C B C C A C A-B A-B A-B A-B − A A (b)
Zinc chloride 5
boiling C C C C C C A C − A-B A-B A-B − A A
Aluminum chloride 5 Room temperature C C A A − A A C B A-B − A A-B A A
1 Room temperature C C A A C − A B A A A A A A A
10 boiling C C C B C − A-B C A-B A-B A-B A A-B A A
Ammonium chloride
28 boiling C C C B C − A-B C A-B A-B A A A-B − A
50 boiling C C C B C − A-B C A-B A-B − A A-B − −
Sulfur chloride (dry) C C C C C C A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A A-B − −
Ethyl chloride 5 Room temperature C C A A B − A A-B A A A A A A A
Ethylene chloride 100 Room temperature A A-B A A A A A A A A A A A A − (c)
Calcium chloride 0-60 Room temperature A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A A A A A A A A
Silver chloride Room temperature C C C C C C B C A-B A-B C A-B − A −
Stannous chloride 5 Room temperature C C C B C C A-B C C C A-B A-B C − A
Ferric chloride 5 Room temperature C C C B C C A-B C C C A-B A-B C A C
Sodium chloride C C B A-B B B A A-B A A A A A A A
< 30 C C C B C C B B B B A A B A-B A
1-5 < 50 C C C C C C B C B B A B B B A
boiling C C C C C C C C C C A C C C A
< 30 C C C C C C B B B B A A B B A
5-10 < 70 C C C C C C C C C C A B C C A
boiling C C C C C C C C C C A C C C A
Hydrochloric acid
< 30 C C C C C C C C C B A A B C A
10-20 < 70 C C C C C C C C C C A B < 50℃ C C A
boiling C C C C C C C C C C B C C C B
< 30 C C C C C C C C C C A C C C A
> 20 < 80 C C C C C C C C C C A C C C A
boiling C C C C C C C C C C B C C C B (d)
Dry < 30 A A A A A A A A A A A − A C A
Chlorine
Wet < 30 C C C C C C − A − − − − − A −
20
Carbon steel
Hastelloy C
Hastelloy B
Zirconium
Cast iron
Remarks
Titanium
20Cr-30Ni
Inconel
Bronze
SUS440C
Nickel
Monel
(17-4PH)
SUS304
SUS316
SUS630
(%) (˚C)
Seawater Room temperature C C A A C A A A − A A A − A A (e)

Hydrogen peroxide < 30 Room temperature − − A A A-B A-B A C A A A A A A A
< 30 B B A A A A A B A A A A A A A
< 10 < 90 B B A A A A A B A A A A A A A
boiling − − A A A A A B A A A A A A A
< 30 B B A A A A A B A A A A A A A
10-30 < 100 B B A A A A A C A A A A A A A
boiling − − B B − − A C A A A A A − −
< 30 B B A A A A A C A A A A A − −
Caustic soda
30-50 < 100 B B A A − B A C A A A A A − −
boiling − − − − − − − C A A A A A − −
< 30 C C B B − − B C A A A A A − −
50-70 < 80 C C − − − − − C A A A A A − −
boiling C C − − − − − C A A A A A − −
70-100 < 260 − − B B − − B − A B B B B − −
100 < 480 − − C C − − C − A B B B B − −
Formic acid < 10 Room temperature C C A A C B A C − A-B A A A-B − A
5 < 70 C C A-B A A A A C A-B A-B A A A A A
Room temperature C C A-B A B A-B A C A-B A-B A A A A A
Citric acid 15
boiling C C A-B A B − A C A-B A-B A A A-B A A-B
Concentrated boiling C C C B − − A C − − A A − A −
Creosote A A A A A A A C A A A A A − −
5 < 66 C C B B C − A-B C C C − A-B A-B A A
Chromic acid 10 boiling C C C C C − − C C C − A-B B A A
Concentrated boiling C C C C C − − C C C − − − A A
Sodium chromate − − A A − A − A A A − − A − −
≦ 30 C C A A A-B A A B-C A A A A A A A
≦ 10
boiling C C A A − − A B-C − A-B A A A A A
< 60 C C A A − − A − A − − A − A A
10-20
boiling C C A A − − A − − − − A − A A
Acetic acid < 60 C C A A − − A − A A A A − A A
20-50
boiling C C A A − − A − − − A A − A A
< 60 C C A A − − A − − − A A − A A
50-99.5
boiling C C A A − − A − − − A A − A A
Anhydrous
Room temperature C C A-B A − − A − − − A A − A A
Sodium acetate A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A-B A A
Sodium hypochlorite < 20 Room temperature C C C B C C B C C C − A C A A
Carbon tetrachloride B B A A B A A A A A A A A A A
5 Room temperature C C A-B A-B A-B A-B A − C A-B A A A A-B A
Oxalic acid Room temperature C C A-B A-B A-B A-B A − C A-B A A A C A
10
boiling C C C A-B C C A − C A-B B A A C A
≦ 30 C C A A A A A C C C C A A A A
≦ 0.5 ≦ 60 C C A A A A A C C C C A A A A
boiling C C A A A A A C C C C A A A A
0.5-20 ≦ 60 C C A A A A A C C C C A − A A
boiling C C A A − − A C C C C A − A A
20-40 ≦ 60 C C A A − − A C C C C A − A A
boiling C C A A − − A C C C C − − C A
Nitric acid ≦ 30 C C A A A A A C C C C − − A A
40-70 ≦ 60 C C A A − − A C C C C − − A A
boiling C C B B − − B C C C C − − C A
≦ 30 C C B A A-B A-B A C C C C − − A A
70-80 ≦ 60 C C A A − − B C C C C − − A A
boiling C C C C − − C C C C C − − C A
≦ 30 C C A A − − A C C C C − − A A
80-95 ≦ 60 C C A A − − B C C C C − − A A
boiling C C C C − − C C C C C − − − −
> 95 < 30 A − A A − − A − − − − − − A A
Silver nitrate C C A A A-B A-B A C C C A-B A-B − A A
5 Room temperature A-B A-B A A A-B A A B A A A-B A A-B A A
Potassium hydroxide 27 boiling A-B A-B A A A-B − A-B B A A A-B A-B A-B C A
50 boiling − − B A − − A-B − A A A-B A-B A-B C A
20
Carbon steel
Hastelloy C
Hastelloy B
Zirconium
Cast iron
Remarks
Titanium
20Cr-30Ni
Inconel
Bronze
SUS440C
Nickel
Monel
(17-4PH)
SUS304
SUS316
SUS630
(%) (˚C)
Magnesium hydroxide (concentrated) Room temperature A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

Hydrogen A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Mercury A A A A A A A C A-B A-B A A A − −
Stearic acid (concentrated) 50 − C A A A-B A-B A C A-B A-B A A A-B A −
Tar A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Sodium carbonate Total concentration Room temperature A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Sodium thiosulfate 20 Room temperature C C A-B A-B − − A − − − A A − − −
Turpentine B B A A − − A A − B A A A A A
Trichlene A-B A-B A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Dry Room temperature A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Carbon dioxide
Wet C C A A A A A B − − − A A A A
Carbon disulfide A A A A B − A C − B A A A A A
Picric acid C C A-B A-B A-B A-B A C C C C A A-B − −
C C C C C C C C C A-B A B C C C (f)
Hydrofluoric acid
C C C A C C C C C A A A-B C C C (g)
Dry A-B A-B A A A A A A − A A A − A −
Freon
Wet B B B A − − A A − A A A − A −
Propane A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Butane A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Benzine A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Boric acid C C A A B A A A-B A-B A-B A A A-B A A
Formaldehyde B B A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Milk − − A A − − A − − − A A − − −
Methyl ethyl ketone A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Hydrogen sulfide Wet B-C C A-B A-B − − B C C − − A B A −
≦ 30 C C A A C A-B A A-B C A A A − − A
≦ 0.25 ≦ 60 C C A A C A-B A A-B C A A A − − A
boiling C C − − C − A C C A A A − − A
≦ 30 C C B B C − A C C C A A C C A
0.5-5 ≦ 60 C C C B C − A C C C A A C C A
boiling C C C C C C A C C C A A C C A
≦ 30 C C C B-C C C A C C C A A C C A
5-25 ≦ 50 C C C C C C A C C C A A C C A
boiling C C C C C C B < 80％ C C C A B C C A
≦ 30 C C C C C C A C C C A A C C A
25-50 ≦ 50 C C C C C C A C C C A A C C A
Sulfuric acid boiling C C C C C C C C C C B C C C −
≦ 30 C C C C C C A C C C A A C C A
50-60 ≦ 60 C C C C C C B C C C A B C C A
boiling C C C C C C C C C C B C C C A-B
≦ 30 C C C C C C A C C C A A C C A-B
60-75 ≦ 60 C C C C C C B C C C A B C C A-B
boiling C C C C C C C C C C B C C C C
≦ 30 B − B B C C A C C C A − − − A
75-95 ≦ 50 C − C B C C B C C C A − − − A
boiling C − C C C C C C C C − − − − −
≦ 30 A > 98％ − A > 98％ A > 98％ − − A − C C A A − − −
95-100 ≦ 50 B > 98％ − B > 98％ B > 98％ C C A-B − C C A B-C − − −
boiling − − − − − − C − C C C C − − −
5 Room temperature − − A A − − A A A-B A-B A A A-B − −
Zinc sulfate Saturation Room temperature − − A A − − A A − − A A A-B − −
25 boiling − − A − − − A B − − A A − − −
Ammonium sulfate 1-5 Room temperature − − A A − − A − A A A A A A A
Copper sulfate < 25 < 100 − − − − − − A − − − − A − A A

≦ 30 C C A < 50％ A − − A − − − A A A < 50％ − A
≦ 65 ≦ 70 C C A A − − A − − A A A − A < 25％ A (h)
boiling C C A-B A − − A − − − A A − − A < 50％
Phosphoric acid
≦ 30 C C C A − − A − − B A − − − −
65-85 ≦ 90 C C C A − − A − − B A − − − −
boiling C C C C − − A − − C A-B − − − −
Note (a) Copper and copper alloy will explode when they contain water. Note (e) Stainless steel may develop pitting.
Note (b) SUS304 and SUS316 may develop pits or stress corrosion cracks. Note (f) Data when air is contained.
Note (c) Stainless steel and carbon steel will be ranked “C” when they contain water. Note (g) Data when air is not contained.
Note (d) These materials will be ranked “B” or “C” when tantalum is 30 or over and in a boiling condition. Note (h) Data when air is not contained in the case of monel.
20

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Technical Information

Manufacture License of Special Equipment in China

Model Nominal size (mm) Pressure (MPa)

■Content thresholds of hazardous substances (maximum permitted concentrations)

SU-20H 200A FCD

■Indication of gauge pressure and absolute pressure

■Conversion table for negative pressure

–600 mmHg = –0.816 kgf/cm2 –81.6 kPa –0.823

■Conversion table for positive pressure

4.3 0.43 430 4.38 17 1.7 17.3

■Conversion table for area

■Conversion table for volume

Liter Cubic meter Imperial gallon US gallon Cubic inch

■Conversion table for velocity

■Conversion table for mass

0.028 35 437.5 1 0.062 5 0.0428 35 0.0427 90 0.0431 25

■Conversion table for density

■Conversion table for force

■Conversion table for pressure

■Conversion table for viscosity ■Conversion table for kinetic viscosity

■Conversion table for work, energy and calorie

■Conversion table for power

■Conversion table for temperature

■Saturated steam table (Conventional unit)

Flow Velocity Table for Steam inside the Pipe

Flow Velocity Table for Water inside the Pipe

Temperature Density Temperature Density Temperature Density

Acetone 20 791 Glycerine 18 1260 Rapeseed oil 15 910-920

Standard Specific Standard Specific

Ethane C2H6 30.07 1.34 1.049

■How to convert the volume [m ] of a gas into [m (standard condition)]

The volume in the standard condition is:

273 (0.2 + 0.1) x 100

■How to convert the volume [m (standard condition)] of a gas into kg

Spindle oil No.2

■Densities of major fuel oils

Cylinder oil 0.92-0.94

Table 1 Pressure - Temperature rating

Table 2 Material group

Table 1 Pressure - Temperature rating

Reference table 1 ASTM materials

Reference table 2 ISO materials Unit: mm

Rolled material Forged material Cast material

■Basic dimensions of nominal pressure 5K flanges Unit: mm

■Basic dimensions of nominal pressure 10K flanges Unit: mm

100 114.3 210 18 16 24 20 2 151 175 8 19 15 M16 M12

■Basic dimensions of nominal pressure 16K flanges Unit: mm

■Basic dimensions of nominal pressure 20K flanges Unit: mm

100 114.3 225 24 28 2 160 185 8 23 M20

■Basic dimensions of nominal pressure 30K flanges Unit: mm

10 17.3 110 16 1 52 75 4 19 M16

■Basic dimensions of nominal pressure 10K flanges Unit: mm

■Basic dimensions of nominal pressure 16K flanges Unit: mm

65 65 ∙ 75 66.68 175 18 140 8 19 M16

■Basic dimensions of 150lb steel flanges Unit: mm

■Basic dimensions of 300lb steel flanges Unit: mm

100 255 30.2 157.2 2 200.0 8 22 3/4

■Basic dimensions of 150lb ductile iron flanges Unit: mm

■Basic dimensions of 300lb ductile iron flanges Unit: mm

300 520.7 50.8 381.0 1.5 450.8 16 31.8 1-1/8

■Basic dimensions of PN 10/16 ductile iron flanges Unit: mm

■Basic dimensions of PN 25 ductile iron flanges Unit: mm

Corrosion condition Stainless steel