A SEMINAR REPORT

on
4D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
Mechanical Engineering
of
SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Autonomous)
by
P. SIVA SHANKAR REDDY 16125A0329
Under the esteemed guidance of
Mr. A. VENKATESH, ME.
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(AUTONOMOUS)
(Affiliated to J. N. T. University Anantapur, Anantapuramu )
Sree Sainath Nagar, TIRUPATI-517 102(A.P)
2016 - 2019
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)

Sree Sainath Nagar, A. Rangampet, Tirupathi-517102.

Certificate
This is to certify that the Seminar Report entitled

4D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

is the bonafide work done & submitted by

P. SIVA SHANKAR REDDY (Roll No: 16125A0329)

in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sree Vidyanikethan

Engineering College, A. Rangampet and is submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru

Technological University Anantapur, Anantapuramu in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in

Mechanical Engineering during 2016-19.

Supervisor Head of the Department

Mr. M. GANGARAJU, M.Tech, Dr.K.C.Varaprasad, M.Tech.,Ph.D.
Asst. Professor, Dept. of ME Professor & Head of Dept. of ME

Examiner-1 Examiner-2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my profound sense of gratitude to Mr. A. VENKATESH, ME.

Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering for his valuable guidance and
constructive suggestions made at various levels of the work.

I am thankful to Dr. K.C. VARAPRASAD, M.Tech., Ph.D., Professor and HOD, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, for his guidance, constant encouragement and support.

I express my gratitude to our beloved Principal Dr. P. C. KRISHNAMACHARY, M.Tech.,

Ph.D., for supporting me in completing of my seminar work successfully by providing all the

facilities. My heartfelt thanks our Faculty in the department of Mechanical Engineering of

Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College (AUTONOMOUS) for their moral support and good
wishes.

P. SIVA SHANKAR REDDY

(Roll No: 16125A0329)

 P. SIVA SHANKAR REDDY

Roll No. 16125A0329

IV B. Tech, I Sem, ME

4D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT

Now a days dynamic world changing its shape with new technology in additive
manufacturing. 4D printing is the next evolution of additive manufacturing where there is an
addition of the dimension i.e., time to the conventional 3D printing process. The main objective
of 4D printing is to allow a printed structure to change its form or function with time in response
to stimuli such as pressure, temperature, wind, water, and light. This can be done by shape
memory materials which are used for input to the printer. The use of 4D printing technology is
expected to significantly become more widespread with more applications across bio-medical,
aerospace, and defence industries. This report first shows the overview of the 4D printing. Then
look into the main factors composing 4D printing technology such as smart materials and
designs. Finally, summarize the current applications of 4D printing.

Seminar In-Charge HOD/ME

 Table of content

Acknowledgement

Abstract

List of figures

S.NO TOPIC NAMES PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background……………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 Objective………………………………………………………………………… 1
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 What is 4D printing? ……………………………………………………………. 2
2.2 Methodology…………………………………………………………………….. 3
2.2.1 Generic process for AM…………………………………………………. 3
2.2.2 Smart Materials………………………………………………………….. 6
2.2.3 Interaction Mechanisms………………………………………………… 11
2.2.4 Smart Design……………………………………………………………. 14
3. APPLICATION AREA AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
3.1 Medical Research……………………………………………………………….. 16
3.2 Aeronautics and Robotics………………………………………………………. 17
3.3 Military and Automobile applications………………………………………….. 18
3.4 Furniture and House appliances………………………………………………… 18
3.5 Fashion …………………………………………………………………………. 19
3.6 Industrial Applications………………………………………………………….. 20
4. ANALYSIS OF 4D PRINTING
4.1 SWOT Analysis…………………………………………………………………. 21
4.2 Market Analysis…………………………………………………………………. 22
4.3 Cost analysis…………………………………………………………………….. 22
5. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………… 23
6. REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………… 24
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No Description Page no.

1.1 Schematic of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4D concepts. 2

1.2 Generic process of CAD to part, 4
2.0 One-way shape memory effect 8
3.0 Programming procedure for one-way 8
Shape memory effect
4.0 Two-way shape memory effect 8
5.0 Natural piezoelectric materials 10
6.0 Self cubic folding mechanism 12
7.0 Self-Folding Strand 12
8.0 Self-Folding Truncated Octahedron 13
9.0 Curved-Crease Origami 14
10.0 Schematic of the folding mechanism 15
11.0 Folding process of cubes 15
12.0 Computational image-based design of 3D-printed
Tracheobronchial splints. 17
13.0 Design model of morphing aircraft 17
14.0 (a) Camouflage military vehicle 18
(b) BMW NEXT 100 4d printed car parts 18
15.0 Deformative shoes and folding cloths 19
16.0 Industrial pipe and wall manufacturing 20
17.0 Market analysis 22