Sains
Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran
Tingkatan 3
(EDISI BAHASA INGGERIS)
KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA
Sains
Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran
Tingkatan 3
(Edisi Bahasa Inggeris)
APRIL 2017
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Terbitan 2017
Hak Cipta Terpelihara. Tidak dibenarkan mengeluar ulang mana-mana bahagian artikel, ilustrasi dan isi kandungan buku ini dalam
apa juga bentuk dan dengan cara apa jua sama ada secara elektronik, fotokopi, mekanik, rakaman atau cara lain sebelum mendapat
kebenaran bertulis daripada Pengarah, Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Aras 4-8, Blok E9,
Parcel E, Kompleks Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan, 62604 Putrajaya.
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CONTENT
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RUKUN NEGARA
BAHAWASANYA Negara kita Malaysia mendukung cita-cita hendak:
Mencapai perpaduan yang lebih erat dalam kalangan seluruh masyarakatnya;
Memelihara satu cara hidup demokratik;
Mencipta satu masyarakat yang adil di mana kemakmuran negara
akan dapat dinikmati bersama secara adil dan saksama;
Menjamin satu cara yang liberal terhadap tradisi-tradisi
kebudayaannya yang kaya dan berbagai corak;
Membina satu masyarakat progresif yang akan menggunakan
sains dan teknologi moden;
MAKA KAMI, rakyat Malaysia, berikrar akan menumpukan seluruh tenaga dan usaha
kami untuk mencapai cita-cita tersebut berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip yang berikut:
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FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN KEBANGSAAN
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DEFINISI KURIKULUM KEBANGSAAN
3. Kurikulum Kebangsaan
[PU(A)531/97]
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FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN SAINS KEBANGSAAN
FALSAFAH
Selaras dengan PENDIDIKAN
Falsafah SAINS
Pendidikan NEGARA pendidikan
Kebangsaan,
sains di Malaysia memupuk budaya Sains dan Teknologi dengan
memberi tumpuan kepada perkembangan individu yang kompetitif,
dinamik, tangkas dan berdaya tahan serta dapat menguasai ilmu
sains dan keterampilan teknologi.
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KATA PENGANTAR
Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM) yang dilaksanakan DSKP yang dihasilkan juga telah menyepadukan enam tunjang
secara berperingkat mulai tahun 2017 akan menggantikan Kurikulum Kerangka KSSM, mengintegrasikan pengetahuan, kemahiran dan
Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah (KBSM) yang mula dilaksanakan nilai, serta memasukkan secara eksplisit Kemahiran Abad ke-21 dan
pada tahun 1989. KSSM digubal bagi memenuhi keperluan dasar Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT). Penyepaduan tersebut
baharu di bawah Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (PPPM) dilakukan untuk melahirkan insan seimbang dan harmonis dari segi
2013-2025 agar kualiti kurikulum yang dilaksanakan di sekolah intelek, rohani, emosi dan jasmani sebagaimana tuntutan Falsafah
menengah setanding dengan standard antarabangsa. Kurikulum Pendidikan Kebangsaan.
berasaskan standard yang menjadi amalan antarabangsa telah
Bagi menjayakan pelaksanaan KSSM, pengajaran dan pembelajaran
dijelmakan dalam KSSM menerusi penggubalan Dokumen Standard
guru perlu memberi penekanan kepada KBAT dengan memberi
Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran (DSKP) untuk semua mata pelajaran
fokus kepada pendekatan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Inkuiri dan
yang mengandungi Standard Kandungan (SK), Standard
Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek, supaya murid dapat menguasai
Pembelajaran (SP) dan Standard Prestasi (SPi).
kemahiran yang diperlukan dalam abad ke-21.
Usaha memasukkan standard pentaksiran dalam dokumen
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia merakamkan setinggi-tinggi
kurikulum telah mengubah landskap sejarah sejak Kurikulum
penghargaan dan ucapan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang
Kebangsaan dilaksanakan di bawah Sistem Pendidikan
terlibat dalam penggubalan KSSM. Semoga pelaksanaan KSSM
Kebangsaan. Menerusinya murid dapat ditaksir secara berterusan
akan mencapai hasrat dan matlamat Sistem Pendidikan
untuk mengenalpasti tahap penguasaannya dalam sesuatu mata
Kebangsaan.
pelajaran, serta membolehkan guru membuat tindakan susulan bagi
mempertingkatkan pencapaian murid.
Dr. SARIAH BINTI ABD. JALIL
Pengarah
Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum
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KSSM SCIENCE FORM 3
INTRODUCTION
As articulated in the National Education Philosophy, education in The core science subjects for lower secondary is designed to equip
Malaysia is an on-going effort towards developing the potential of pupils with science knowledge and STEM skills to be science
individuals in a holistic and integrated manner, to produce literate and able to do science in upper secondary. Higher order
individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and thinking skill will also be developed so that the pupils will be able to
physically balanced. The primary and secondary school science apply the scientific knowledge to make decision and solve problems
curriculum standard is developed with the aim of producing such in real life creatively and innovatively.
individuals.
Meanwhile, the upper secondary science and the elective science
Malaysia, moving towards becoming a developed nation, should
subjects will empower and strengthen their knowledge and skills in
foster a community that is scientific, progressive, inventive and
STEM towards preparing pupils for long-life learning experience.
visionary, while using latest technologies. This community must be
This group of pupils will embark on careers in science and
able to contribute to the advancement of science and the
technology which plays a role in national development.
sustainability of technological civilisation. To achieve this, we need
to develop critical, creative, innovative and competent citizens who
practice the culture of Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM).
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AIMS
The science curriculum for secondary schools aims is to cultivate 6. Create awareness that discoveries through scientific research
interest and develop creativity amongst pupil; through experience is a result of the ability of the human mind to understand
and investigation; so as to master knowledge in science, scientific natural phenomena towards a better life;
skills, thinking skills and, scientific attitudes and values; enabling 7. Create awareness that development of science and technology
them to solve problems and make decisions in daily life. has an implication on the mores, social, economic and
environment issues in the local and global context.
OBJECTIVES
FRAMEWORK OF THE STANDARD CURRICULUM FOR
The Science Standard Curriculum (KSSM) aim for pupils to SECONDARY SCHOOL
achieve the following objectives to:
Standard Curriculum for Secondary School (KSSM) is built based on
1. Use the inquiry approach to fulfil their curiosity and their
six strands, which are Communication; Spiritual, Attitude and Value;
interest in science;
Humanity; Personal Development; Physical Development and
2. Acquire knowledge and understanding to explain phenomena
Aesthetic; and Science and Technology. The six strands are the main
scientifically;
domain that support each other and are integrated with critical,
3. Communicate information relating to science and technology
creative and innovative thinking. This integration is aimed at
intelligently and effectively;
developing human capital that appreciate noble values based on
4. Design and carry out scientific investigation, evaluate evidence
religion, being knowledgeable, competent, think creatively, critically
and make conclusions;
and innovatively as illustrated in Figure 1.
5. Apply scientific knowledge, procedural knowledge and
epistemic knowledge in posing questions, interpreting data,
problem solving and decision making in context of real life;
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FOCUS
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Comparing and Finding similarities and differences based on Analysing Processing information in detail by breaking it
Contrasting criteria such as characteristics, features, down into smaller parts to understand concepts
qualities and elements of objects or events. or events as well as to find the implicit
Classifying phenomena into groups based on certain Detecting Bias Detecting views or opinions that have the
criteria such as common characteristics or tendency to support or oppose something.
features.
Evaluating Making considerations on the good and bad
qualities of something based on valid
evidences or propositions.
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Generating Ideas Producing ideas related to something. Synthesising Combining separate elements to produce
an overall picture in the form of writing,
Relating Making connections in certain situations or
drawing or artefact.
events to find a structure or pattern of
Making a general statement about the
relationship. Making relationship between the variables that is
Making Making an initial conclusion and explaining Hypotheses
assumed to be true to explain an
Inferences an event using data collection and past observation or event. The statement can
experiences. be tested to determine its validity.
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Thinking Strategy Besides thinking skills and thinking strategies, another skill that is
Description of each thinking strategy is as in Table 3. emphasised is reasoning. Reasoning is a skill used in making
logical, rational, fair and just consideration. Mastery of critical and
Table 3: Thinking Strategy creative thinking skills and thinking strategies is made easier if an
THINKING individual is able to provide reasoning in inductive and deductive
DESCRIPTION
STRATEGY manner. Figure 3 gives an overall picture of the thinking skills and
thinking strategies. Mastery of TSTS through the teaching and
Conceptualising Making generalisations towards building
learning of science can be developed through the following stages:
of meaning, concept or model based on
inter-related specific common
1. Introducing TSTS.
characteristics.
2. Practising TSTS with teacher’s guidance.
Making Decisions Selecting the best solution from several 3. Practising TSTS without teacher’s guidance.
alternatives based on specific criteria to 4. Applying TSTS in new situations and developed with teacher’s
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Manipulative Skills
SCIENCE
DESCRIPTIONS In a scientific investigation, manipulative skills are psychomotor
PROCESS SKILLS
skills that enable pupils to:
observe its relationship with the responding Store science apparatus and substances correctly and
Making a general statement about the Sketch specimens, apparatus and substances accurately
Making
Hypothesis relationship between the variables that is
assumed to be true to explain an Relationship between Science Process Skills and Thinking
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1 Observing Use limbs and Use all the senses Make accurate and • Make qualitative and
senses to to make qualitative relevant qualitative and quantitative observations to
make observations with quantitative observations make generalisations based on
observations the appropriate tools to identify patterns or a pattern or sequence on an
about the to explain sequences of objects or object or phenomenon.
phenomena or phenomena or phenomena. • Present further findings based
changes that changes that occur. Use complex equipment on observation of objects or
occur. suitable for making phenomena analytically and
observations proficiently. specifically.
2 Classifying Collect / isolate Compare / identify Compare / identify Identify characteristics used to
evidens / data / similarities and similarities and differences differentiate, collect, select and
objects / differences based to determine the selection explain the object or
phenomena on categories that criteria for category phenomenon in greater detail.
based on the are based on evidens / data / object /the
observed common phenomenon being
characteristics. characteristics. studied.
3 Measuring and using Measure with Measure with the Measure with the correct Demonstrate how
numbers the correct correct instrument in instrument in the correct measurements are taken with
instrument in the correct standard standard unit, using the the correct instrument in the
the correct unit and using the right technique while correct standard unit, using the
standard unit. right technique. recording in a complete right technique; while recording
and systematic way. in a systematic and complete
Change the base unit with way.
the correct quantity Using more complex derived
Use the correct units. units in the right manner.
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4 Making inferences Give a Concluded the initial Create more than one initial Generate a variety of possibilities
reasonable grounds for the conclusion that is to explain complex situations
explanation for observation using the reasonable for an event or Explain the relationship or
the information obtained observation using the pattern between variables
observations. information obtained. observed with measurements
made for an investigation.
5 Predicting Describe a Make a reasonable Students can analyse trends Students can analyse trends / the
possible assumption of an / the flow / simple flow / simple developments
outcome for an event based on developments based on the based on the data obtained to
event or data. observation, past data obtained to predict the predict the future state of an
experience or data. future state of an object or object or phenomenon.
phenomenon. Forecasts made can also be
tested.
6 Communicating Record Record information or Able to present the results Able to present the results of
information or ideas in a suitable of an experiment or data anexperiment or data observed
ideas in any form and present the observed in various forms in various forms such as
form. information or the such as simple graphics, graphics, pictures or tables that
ideas systematically. pictures or tables are more complex to show how
the patterns are related.
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7 Use time-space Arrange occurrences Arrange occurrences of a Use, analyse and interpret
relationships of a phenomenon or phenomenon or event in numbers and numerical
event in chronological chronological order. relationships efficiently while
order. Interpret and explain the solving problems and conducting
meaning of mathematical investigations.
relationships.
8 Interpreting data Select relevant ideas Give information rationally Analyse data and suggest
about objects, events by making an intrapolation improvements.
or patterns on the or an extrapolation of the Identify and explain the
data to make an data collected. anomalies in the set of data
explanation. obtained
9 Define operationally Describe an Describe the most Explain the interpretation made
interpretation of what appropriate interpretation of about the selection of
is carried out and a concept by stating what is instruments or methods on what
observed in a carried out and observed for is observed.
situation according to a situation.
particular
specifications.
10 Controlling variables Determine the Determine all variables i.e. Change the constant variable to
responding and responding variable, the manipulated variable and
constant variable manipulated variable and state the new responding
after the manipulated constant variable. variable.
variable is determined
in an investigation.
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11 Making a hipotesis Make a general Form a relationship between Describe expected results of the
statement that can be the manipulated variable scientific investigation designed.
tested, on the and responding variable, to
relationship between form a hypothesis that can
the variables in an be tested.
investigation.
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SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDES AND NOBLE VALUES 4. Diligent and persevere when carrying out a task.
Experiences from learning science can foster positive attitudes and Do not give up.
positive values in pupils. Positive attitudes and values fostered are Ready to repeat the experiment
as the following: Determine during carry out a task
Ready to accept critics and challenges.
1. Interest and curiosity towards the environment
Try to overcome problems and challenges.
Inquiring from teachers, friends and others
Self reading
5. Systematic, confident and ethic
Collects materials or specimens for research.
Carry out activity in a systematic and orderly and abide to
Do their own research
suitable time.
2. Honest and accurate in recording and validating data. Arrange apparatus and materials in order.
Describe and record what have been observed. Confident with the task given.
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7. Being responsible about the safety of oneself, others and the 12. Realising that science is a means to understand nature.
environment. Stating how science is use to solve problems.
Personal safety and partners. Stating the implications of using science to solve a problem
Preserve and conserve the environment . or issue.
Communicate through correct scientific language.
8. Virtuous
Love all life.
The assimilation of scientific attitudes and noble values generally
Poise and respect. take place according to the following stages:
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Curious Develop natural curiosity to explore Caring/ Concern Show empathy, compassion and respect
strategies and new ideas. Learn skills that towards needs and feelings of others.
are needed to carry out inquiry and
Committed to serve the society and ensure
research, as well as display independent
traits learning. Enjoy continuous life-long sustainability of nature.
learning experiences.
Principled Honest and have integrity, equality, fair and the country.
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HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS HOTS are the ability to apply knowledge, skills and values for
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is explicitly stated in the reasoning and reflecting in solving problems, making decisions,
curriculum to encourage teachers to incorporate them in teaching innovating and creating. HOTS includes critical thinking, creative
and learning, hence stimulating structured and focused thinking thinking, reasoning and thinking strategy.
among pupils. Description of HOTS is focused on four levels as
shown in Table 8. Critical thinking skill is the ability to evaluate an idea in a logical
and rational manner to make a fair consideration by using reason
Table 8: Thinking levels in HOTS
and reliable evidence.
THINKING LEVEL DESCRIPTION Creative thinking skill is the ability to produce or create something
Applying Using knowledge, skills and values to take new and valuable by using genuine imaginative skill and
actions in different situations. unconventional thinking.
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TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGIES the main concepts and principles of science are investigated and
Teaching and learning strategies in the science curriculum discovered by pupils themselves. Through activities such as
emphasise on thoughtful learning. Thoughtful learning is a process experiments, pupils investigate a phenomenon and draw
that helps pupils acquire knowledge and master skills that will help conclusions by themselves. Teachers then lead pupils to
them develop their minds to the optimum level. Thoughtful learning understand the science concepts through the results of the inquiry.
can take place through various learning approaches such as inquiry, Thinking skills and scientific skills are thus developed further during
constructivism, science, technology and society, contextual learning the inquiry process. However, the inquiry-discovery approach may
and mastery learning. Learning activities should therefore be not be suitable for all teaching and learning situations. Sometimes,
geared towards activating pupils’ critical and creative thinking skills it may be more appropriate for teachers to present concepts and
and not be confined to routine method. Pupils should be made principles directly or through guided inquiry-discovery to pupils.
aware of the thinking skills and thinking strategies that are being
used in their learning. Constructivism
Constructivism is an ideology that suggests pupils learn by building
They should be challenged with higher order questions and their own understanding that is meaningful to them. The important
problems and be required to solve problems creatively and critically. attributes of constructivism are:
Pupils should be actively involved in the teaching and learning that Teachers considered pupils’ prior knowledge.
integrate the acquisition of knowledge, mastery of skills and Learning is the result from pupil’s own effort.
inculcation of scientific attitudes and noble values. Learning occurs when pupils restructure their existing ideas by
relating new ideas to old ones.
Inquiry Approach Pupils have the opportunities to cooperate, share ideas and
Inquiry-discovery approach emphasises learning through experiences and reflect on their learning.
experiences. Inquiry generally means to find information, to
question and to investigate a phenomenon. Discovery is the main
characteristic of inquiry. Learning through discovery occurs when
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Mastery Learning
Mastery learning is an approach that ensures all pupils to acquire
and master the intended learning objectives. This approach is
based on the principle that pupils are able to learn if given the
opportunities. Pupils should be allowed to learn at their own pace,
with the incorporation of remedial and enrichment activities as part
of the teaching-learning process.
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STEM T&L which is contextual and authentic is able to encourage Scientific Investigation/Experiment
in depth learning amongst pupils. Pupils can work in groups or An experiment is a method commonly used in science lessons.
individually according to their ability to cultivate the STEM Pupils test hypotheses through investigations to discover specific
practices,as follows: science concepts and principles. Scientific methods are used when
conducting an experiment involving thinking skills, science process
1. Questioning and identifying problems,
skills, and manipulative skills.
2. Developing and using models,
In general, procedures to follow when conducting an experiment as
3. Planning and carrying out investigations,
in Figure 5:
4. Analyzing and interpreting data,
5. Using mathematical and computational thinking,
6. Developing explanation and designing solutions,
7. Engaging in argument and discussion based on evidence,
and
8. Acquiring information, evaluating and communicating about
the information.
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Simulation
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A project is an activity carried out individually or in groups to Technology is an effective tool for enhancing the learning of
achieve a certain goal that takes a long time and exceeds formal science. Through the use of technology such as the television,
teaching hours. Pupils are required to identify methods to solve the radio, video, computer, internet, computer software, courseware
problem given and thus plan the entire project. The outcome of the and computer interfaces make the teaching and learning of science
project either in the form of a report, an artefact or in other forms more interesting and effective. Animation and computer simulation
needs to be presented. Projects encourage the development of is an effective tool for learning of difficult and abstract science
problem solving skills, time management skills and self learning. concepts and can be presented in the form of courseware or
website. Software applications such as word processors, graphic
Visits and Use of External Resources presentation software and electronic spreadsheets are valuable
tools for the analysis and presentation of data. The use of other
Learning science through visits to zoos, museums, science centres, technologies such as data loggers and computerized user interface
research institutes, mangroves swamps and factories can make in experiments and projects can assist effective in science teaching
learning more effective, enjoyable and meaningful. Learning and learning.
through visits can be optimised by careful planning whereby pupils
have to carry out or perform tasks during the visit. Discussion after
the visit should be held to conclude the activities carried out.
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During the teaching and learning of each subject, The increase of interest in the science and technology
emphasis is given on the aspects of pronunciation, will help to improve scientific and technological literacy
environment would help to shape pupils’ ethics in (ii) Scientific skills (process of thought and specific
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Assessment of Content Standards for each cluster is carried out Scientific attitude and moral value can be assessed any suitable
using the Performance Standard as the teacher’s reference to time in whole year referring to Table 12
determine pupils' achievement in mastering a particular Content
Standard. Performance Standards are hierarchically arranged from Learning based project focus on development of product to solve
Level 1 to Level 6 representing the lowest to the highest standards real life problem. Pupils are encourage to do learning at least twice
of achievement. Pupils’ achievement must be recorded in the a year.
assessment form.
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Table 9: List of experiments/ scientific investigation The General Statement to Interpret the Achievement of
Knowledge Level for Science Subject is shown in Table 10.
THEME EXPERIMENTS Table 10: Rubric for Knowledge
1.3.3 Carry out experiments to study
responses in plants towards
PERFORMANCE
various stimuli. DESCRIPTOR
LEVEL
2.1.2 Carry out experiments to
1 Recall the basic knowledge and science skills.
investigate the differences in the
content of gases in inhaled and Understand the science knowledge and skills as
exhaled air. 2 well as to explain their understanding.
MAINTENANCE
AND CONTINUITY 2.3.2 Carry out an experiment to show Apply knowledge and skills to perform simple
3 science tasks.
OF LIFE the effects of smoking on the lungs.
Analysing science knowledge and skills in the
3.2.3 Carry out experiments to study 4 context of problem solving
factors that affect pulse rate.
Evaluating the science knowledge and skills in the
3.4.2 Carry out experiments to 5 context of problem solving and making decision to
investigate the factors affecting the perform a task
rate of transpiration.
Inventing by using science knowledge and skills in
5.1.3 Carry out an experiment to the context of problem solving and making decision
EXPLORATION OF 6 or in performing the tasks in a new situation
ELEMENTS IN compare and contrast endothermic creatively and innovatively
NATURE and exothermic reactions.
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The General Statement to interpret the achivement for Plan and execute the correct strategy and
Scientific Investigation for Science Subject is shown in Table procedure in the scientific investigation.
Handle and use the correct material and
11.
apparatus to get an accurate result.
Table 11: Rubric for Scientific Investigation Collect relevant data and record in a suitable
format.
PERFORMANCE DESCRIPTOR
LEVEL 4 Organise the data in the numerical form or visual
with no error.
Plan the strategy and procedure that is not
accurate in the scientific investigation. Interpret the data dan make an accurate
Use materials and apparatus that is not suitable in conclusion based on the aim of the scientific
1
the scientific investigation. investigation.
No data collected and recorded. Write a complete report on the scientific
No explaination or the explaination is not clear. investigation.
Plan the correct strategy and procedure in the Carry out the scientific investigation and write a
scientific investigation with guidance.
complete report.
Use the suitable material and apparatus.
2 Collect, organise and present the data in the form
Collect and record incomplete data or not
relevant. of numerical or visual accurately and done well.
Made.interpretation and conclusion not based on 5 Interpret the data and make conclusion accurately
the collected data. with scientific reasoning.
Identify the trend, pola and making connection
Plan and execute the correct strategy and
procedure in the scientific investigation with with the data.
guidance.
Use the correct material and apparatus. Justify the outcome of the scientific investigation
Collect and record relevant data. relating to theory, principle and law of science in
3 the reporting.
Organise data in numerical form or visual with
some error. 6 Evaluate and suggest way to improve to the
scientific investigation methods and further inquiry
Interpret data and make conclusion based on the
investigation if needed.
collected data.
Discuss on the validity of the data and suggest
Write an incomplete scientific investigation report.
way to improve the method of collecting data.
.
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Overall performance level must be determined to give a value of The content for the Science Curriculum Standard Form 1 to Form 5
performance level to pupil at the end of the school session. This is built based on the four discipline of science that is Biology,
overall performance level includes content, scientific skills, scientific Chemistry, Physics and Earth Science. All four discipline are
value and noble value. Thus, teacher needs to evaluate pupil arranged into five themes that are Scientific Methodology,
collectively and holistically through all aspect during learning Maintenance and Continuity of Life, Exploration of Elements in
process continuously by various method such as achievement in Nature, Energy and Sustainabilty of Life and Exploration of Earth
topical test, observation, exercise, presentation, response verbally and Outer Space. However, in every learning year it need not
from the pupil and group work. Teacher can make professional consist of all five themes.
consideration to evaluate overall performance level based on
Every theme is divided into a few learning areas.
teacher experience with pupil, intelligence and discussing with other
teacher. Learning area in every theme is detailed out in the Content
Standard dan Learning Standard. The Content Standard may have
one or more learning standards that had been conceptualized
based on the learning area.
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scope and scientifc skills as well as the thinking skills that demands Teachers are encouraged to plan activites that will involve the
the pupils’ need to do science for them to acquire the intended active participation of pupils to generate thinking analitically,
scientific concept. Generally, the learning standard is arranged critically, innovatively and creatively besides using technology as a
accordingly through the hierachyfrom simple to complex, however platform to achieve the content standard effectively.The
the sequence of the Learning Standardcould be modified to cater to implementation of teaching and learnng that requires activities,
the need of learning. The Content Standard for the afective domain investigations and experiments that can assist in achieving the
is normally written at the end of the cognitive domain of that learning standards should be carried out to strengthen the pupil’s
particular Content Standard, howevernot all Content Standard understanding.
cognitive domain will end with the afective domain.
The Science Curriculum Standard for Secondary Schools focuses
The pupil’s development is prescribed with one or more qualifier on the achievement of knowledge, skills and values that correspond
using a word or a phrase that signify a standard in the form of to the pupil's abilities based on Content Standards, Learning
learning outcome. The teaching and learning (t&l) should be Standards and Performance Standards that are arranged in three
planned holistically and integrated to enable a few learning columns as shown in Table 13.
standards be achieved depending on the suitability and needs of
learning. Teachers should scrutinise all learning standards and
performance standard in the content standard before planning the
teaching and learning activites.
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PERFORMANCE STANDARD
STIMULI AND RESPONSES
1 Recall the knowledge and science skills about stimuli and responses.
3 Apply knowledge about stimuli and responses and able to carry out simple tasks
Analyse knowledge about stimuli and responses in context of problem solving on events or natural
4
phenomena.
Evaluate knowledge about stimuli and responses in context of problem solving and decision
5
making to carry out a task.
Design a task using knowledge and science skills about stimuli and responses in a creative and
6 innovative way in the context of problem solving and decision making or carry out a task in a new
situation with regards to the social values/economy/culture of the community.
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2.0 RESPIRATION
2.1.1 Draw and label the internal structures of the Suggested activity:
human respiratory system and describe the
Make a multimedia presentation to explain the structure
breathing mechanism.
in the human respiratory system.
Make a model or simulation to discuss the actions of the
diaphragm, intercostal muscles, movement of the rib
cage, changes in the volume and air pressure in the
thoracic cavity during inhalation and exhalation.
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Emphysema
Lung cancer
Bronchitis
Asthma
Note:
Examples of substances that are harmful to the
respiratory system are tar, sulphur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, pollen grains, haze and
dust.
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Moist skin
Gills
Trachea
Carry out an active reading activity on the adaptation
and the ability of the respiratory system in the following
context:
Note:
Realise that exercise and the choice of healthy lifestyle
are important to the respiratory system.
2.5 Gaseous exchange in 2.5.1 Explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange Suggested activity:
plants in plants.
Soak a leaf in boiling water to observe the gas released
from its surface.
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Note:
Osmosis needs to be introduced to explain how it
affects the stomatal pore.
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PERFORMANCE STANDARD
RESPIRATION
3 Apply knowledge about respiration and able to carry out simple tasks
Evaluate knowledge about respiration in context of problem solving and decision making to carry
5
out a task.
Design a task using knowledge and science skills about respiration in a creative and innovative way
6 in the context of problem solving and decision making or carry out a task in a new situation with
regards to the social values/economy/culture of the community.
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3.0 TRANSPORTATION
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3.5 Blood circulatory system 3.5.1 Compare blood circulatory system in Note:
and transport system in animals with transport sytem in plants.
Being thankful for the uniqueness of the circulatory
plants
system to the continuity of life.
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PERFORMANCE STANDARD
TRANSPORTATION
3 Apply knowledge about transportation and able to carry out simple tasks
Evaluate knowledge about transportation in context of problem solving and decision making to
5
carry out a task.
Design a task using knowledge and science skills about transportation in a creative and innovative
6 way in the context of problem solving and decision making or carry out a task in a new situation
with regards to the social values/economy/culture of the community.
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5.0 Thermochemistry
5.1 Endothermic and exothermic reactions.
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4.2 Reactivity series of 4.2.1 Construct a reactivity series of metals Suggested activity:
metals based on its reactivity with oxygen and
Study the reaction of heating metals such as
write the word equation for the reactions.
magnesium, aluminium, zinc, ferrum and lead, with
oxygen.
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Note:
The position of hydrogen in the reactivity series of
metals is determined by interpretation of data.
4.3 Extraction of metals from 4.3.1 Communicate about the extraction of Suggested activity:
its ore. metals from its ore by illustrations.
Make a multimedia presentation on how metals
extraction is done based on process below:
Extraction of Iron.
Extraction of tin in Malaysia.
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PERFORMANCE STANDARD
REACTIVITY OF METALS
3 Apply knowledge about reactivity of metals and able to carry out simple tasks
Analyse knowledge about reactivity of metals in context of problem solving on events or natural
4
phenomena.
Evaluate knowledge about reactivity of metals in context of problem solving and decision making
5
to carry out a task.
Design a task using knowledge and science skills about reactivity of metals in a creative and
6 innovative way in the context of problem solving and decision making or carry out a task in a new
situation with regards to the social values/economy/culture of the community.
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5.0 THERMOCHEMISTRY
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5.1.5 Design materials using the concept of Producing emergency lamps during power failure
exothermic and endothermic processes to
solve problems in life. Building a container which maintains high
temperature or low temperature.
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PERFORMANCE STANDARD
TERMOCHEMISTRY
3 Apply knowledge about termochemistry and able to carry out simple tasks
Evaluate knowledge about termochemistry in context of problem solving and decision making to
5
carry out a task.
Design a task using knowledge and science skills about termochemistry in a creative and
6 innovative way in the context of problem solving and decision making or carry out a task in a new
situation with regards to the social values/economy/culture of the community.
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8.0 Radioactivity
8.1 The discovery of radioactivity
8.2 Atom and nucleus
8.3 Ionising and non-ionising radiation
8.4 Usage of radioactive radiation
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6.2 Transformer 6.2.1 Carry out an experiment to build a step-up Suggested activity:
and a step-down transformer.
Make a creative presentation about transformers:
Describe that transformers only work with
alternating current.
Build a simple transformer using a laminated iron
core.
Control variables such as the ratio of the number of
secondary coils to the number of primary coils in
building step-up and step-down transformers.
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Note:
Components of home wiring system include a fuse box,
circuit breaker, main switch, live wire, neutral wire, earth
wire, electrical meter and the usage of international
color codes in wiring.
Introduce 2 pin and 3 pin plugs and its suitability of use
in different countries.
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Lightning conductor.
Switch.
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PERFORMANCE STANDARD
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
1 Recall the knowledge and science skills about electricity and magnetism.
3 Apply knowledge about electricity and magnetism and able to carry out simple tasks
Analyse knowledge about electricity and magnetism in context of problem solving on events or
4
natural phenomena.
Evaluate knowledge about electricity and magnetism in context of problem solving and decision
5
making to carry out a task.
Design a task using knowledge and science skills about electricity and magnetism in a creative and
6 innovative way in the context of problem solving and decision making or carry out a task in a new
situation with regards to the social values/economy/culture of the community.
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7.2 Potential Energy 7.2.1 Explain with examples gravitational Suggested Activity:
and Kinetic Energy potential energy and solve problems
Conduct activity to solve numerical problems related to
in the context of daily life.
potential energy.
Note:
Gravitational potential energy is work done to lift an object
to a height, h, from the Earth’s surface.
Gravitational potential energy =mgh
Note:
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7.3 Principle of Conservation 7.3.1 Explain with examples The Suggested activity:
of Energy Principle of Conservation of
Conduct an activity to demonstrate The Principle of
Energy.
Conservation of Energy, by observing an oscillating
system such as a simple pendulum and loaded spring.
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mgh = ½ mv2
½ Fx = mgh
½ Fx = ½ mv2
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PERFORMANCE STANDARD
TERMOCHEMISTRY
1 Recall the knowledge and science skills about energy and power.
3 Apply knowledge about energy and power and able to carry out simple tasks
Analyse knowledge about energy and power in context of problem solving on events or natural
4
phenomena.
Evaluate knowledge about energy and power in context of problem solving and decision making
5
to carry out a task.
Design a task using knowledge and science skills about energy and power in a creative and
6 innovative way in the context of problem solving and decision making or carry out a task in a new
situation with regards to the social values/economy/culture of the community.
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8.0 RADIOACTIVITY
Wilhelm Roentgen.
Henri Becquerel.
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8.2 Atom and nucleus 8.2.1 Draw an atomic structure in a stable state. Note:
According to Dalton's Atomic Theory, atoms are the
smallest particles in matter. However, the development of
science has succeeded in finding particles that are even
smaller than protons and neutrons.
8.2.2 Explain the formation of positive ions Emphasis is given to the understanding that an atom is
and negative ions. neutral because the number of protons and electrons are
the same.
8.3 Ionising radiation and 8.3.1 Describe ionising radiation and non- Suggested activity:
Non- ionising radiation ionising radiation.
Research and report on ionising radiation such as alpha,
beta, gamma and X-rays.
8.3.2 Differentiate the three types of ionising
radiation in radioactive decay. Note:
The difference between the three rays in terms of
particle size, charge, ionising power, penetrating power,
deflection by magnetic field and electric field.
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8.4 The use of radioactive 8.4.1 Communicate about the use of Suggested activity:
radiation radioactive radiation for wellbeing.
Conduct a gallery walk on the use of radioactive
radiation in the areas of agriculture, defense, medicine,
archeology or geochronology, industrial and food
preservation.
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PERFORMANCE STANDARD
RADIOACTIVITY
3 Apply knowledge about radioactivity and able to carry out simple tasks
Evaluate knowledge about radioactivity in context of problem solving and decision making to carry
5
out a task.
Design a task using knowledge and science skills about radioactivity in a creative and innovative
6 way in the context of problem solving and decision making or carry out a task in a new situation
with regards to the social values/economy/culture of the community.
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Notes:
Examples of phenomena that occur on the surface of the
Sun are granules, prominence, solar flares, solar cycle,
sunspots, coronal mass ejections and solar wind.
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Note:
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PERFORMANCE STANDARD
SPACE WEATHER
3 Apply knowledge about space weather and able to carry out simple tasks
Analyse knowledge about space weather in context of problem solving on events or natural
4
phenomena.
Evaluate knowledge about space weather in context of problem solving and decision making to
5
carry out a task.
Design a task using knowledge and science skills about space weather in a creative and innovative
6 way in the context of problem solving and decision making or carry out a task in a new situation
with regards to the social values/economy/culture of the community.
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10.2 Development of 10.2.1 Communicate about the importance of the Suggested activity:
technology and its development of technology and its
Carry out an active reading activity or make a multimedia
application in space application in space exploration.
presentation on:
exploration
The history of space exploration.
Construction of rockets, satellites and space probes.
Remote sensing technology used in agriculture, geology,
disaster management, defence and etc.
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PERFORMANCE STANDARD
SPACE EXPLORATION
3 Apply knowledge about space exploration and able to carry out simple tasks
Analyse knowledge about space exploration in context of problem solving on events or natural
4
phenomena.
Evaluate knowledge about space exploration in context of problem solving and decision making to
5
carry out a task.
Design a task using knowledge and science skills about space exploration in a creative and
6 innovative way in the context of problem solving and decision making or carry out a task in a new
situation with regards to the social values/economy/culture of the community.
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PANEL OF WRITERS
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PANEL OF TRANSLATORS
1. Raja Faziatul Hanim binti Raja Azie SMK Seri Bintang Selatan, Kuala Lumpur
2. Lee Yuet Lai SMK Sulaiman, Bentong
3. Yap Poh Kyut SMK Ketari, Bentong
4. Soraya binti Ishak SMK (L) Methodist, Kuala Lumpur
5. Mohd Rohizan bin Shafie Sekolah Menengah Khas Redang Panjang
6. Hafiz Zaki bin Hamdan SMK Seri Perak, Telok Intan
7. Mohd Taufek bin Harun SMK Bidor, Bidor
8. Lim Seng Ho SMJK Yu Hua, Kajang
9. Dahliza binti Kamat SBPI Gombak
10. Shahrine Suzanna binti Mohd.Sharif SMK Engku Husain,Semenyih
11. Nadiah binti Mohammed Sharif SMK Seri Garing, Rawang
12. Idawati Norziana binti Ibrahim SMK Pandan Mewah, Ampang
13. Norhawida Azihan binti Hamzah SMK Seri Bintang Selatan, Kuala Lumpur
14. Khairunnisa binti Abd.Aziz SMK Raja Ali, Kuala Lumpur
15. Nor Asila binti Ishak SMKA Putrajaya, Putrajaya
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APPRECIATION
Adviser
Editorial Adviser
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This curriculum document is published in Bahasa Melayu and English language. If there is any conflict or inconsistency between the Bahasa
Melayu version and the English version, the Bahasa Melayu version shall, to the extent of the conflict or inconsistency, prevail.