NOUN + IS + NOUN = SINGULAR

NOUN + IS + NOUN Singular means “one.”

(a) Canada is a country In (a) : Canada = a singular noun
Is = asingular verb
Country = a singular noun

(b) Mexico is a country A frequently comes infront of singular nouns.

In (b) : a comes in front of the singular noun country.
A is called an “article”

(c) A cat is an animal
A and an have the same meaning. They are both articles.
A is used in front of words that begin with consonants: d, c, d, f, g, etc.
Examples : a bed, a cat, a dog, a friend, a girl.
An is used in front of words that begin with vowels: a, e, i, o, u.*
Examples : an animal, an ear, an island, an office, an umbrella.

*an is sometimes used in front of the words that begin with u.

Vowels = a, e, i, o, u.
Consonants = b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.

NOUN + ARE + NOUN = PLURAL

NOUN + ARE + NOUN plural means “two, three, ot more.”

(a) Cats are animals. In (a) : Cats = a plural noun
are = a plural verb
animals = a plural noun

(b) SINGULAR: a cat, an animal Plural nouns end in -s

PLURAL : cats, animals A and an are used only with singular nouns.

(c) SINGULAR : a city, a country Some singular nouns that end in –y have aspecial plural
PLURAL : cities, countries form : they omit the –y and add –ies.*

NOUN and NOUN ARE + NOUN Two nouns connected by and are followed by are.
(d) Canada and China are countries. In (d) : Canada is a singular noun. China is a singular
(e) Dogs and cats are animals. noun. They are connected by and.
Together they are plural, i.e., “more than one.”
 PRONOUN + BE + NOUN
SINGULAR PLURAL
I
PRONOUN + BE + NOUN PRONOUN + BE + NOUN you
I am a student We are students he
You are a student You are students she Pronouns
She is a student They are students it
He is a student we
It is a city they
am
is Form of be
are

(a) Hana is in my class. She is a student. Pronouns refer to nouns

(b) Rian is in my class. He is a student. In (a) : She = Hana.
(c) Hana and Rian is in my class. They are students. In (b) : He = Rian.
(d) I and Hana is in the class. We are students. In (c) : They = Hana & Rian.
(e) Jakarta is a city. It is very crowded In (d) : We = I & Hana.
In (e) : It = Jakarta.

CONTRACTIONS WITH BE
When people speak, they often
PRONOUN + BE  CONTRACTION push two words together. A
Am
I + am  I’m I’m a student. contraction = two words that
are pushed together.
Contraction of a subject
she + is  she’s she’s a student.
pronoun + be are used in both
Is he + is  he’s he’s a student.
it + is  it’s it’s a city. speaking and writing.
PUNCTUATION : the mark in the
middle of contraction is called
you + are  you’re you’re a student. an “apostrophe” (‘).
are we + are  we’re we’re students.
they + are  they’re they’re syudents.