International logistics

Assignment: - 03
Name: - Jha Sandeepkumar
Roll no: - 189

Q: 1 what is flag of convenience?

Ans: - When registering a vessel for international travel, one must choose a
nation under the flag of which that vessel will sail. The term “flag of
convenience” refers to registering a ship in a sovereign state different from that
of the ship's owners.
Ships registered under flags of convenience can often reduce operating costs or
avoid the regulations of the owner's country. To do so, a vessel owner will find a
nation with an open registry, or a nation that allows registration of vessels owned
by foreign entities. A ship operates under the laws of its flag state, so vessel
owners often register in other nations to take advantages of reduced regulation,
lower administrative fees, and greater numbers of friendly ports.

Q: 2 Describe imo/cao?

Ans: - IMO = The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a specialized

agency of the United Nations that is responsible for measures to improve the
safety and security of international shipping and to prevent marine pollution from
ships. According to the IMO, themselves more specifically, the IMO is the global
standard-setting authority for the safety, security and environmental performance
of international shipping.

CAO = International Civil Aviation Organization (CAO) adopts standards

and recommended practices concerning air navigation, its infrastructure, flight
inspection, prevention of unlawful interference, and facilitation of border-
crossing procedures for international civil aviation.