CHEMISTRY
4. Which process occurs in the electrolysis of an aqueous tin(II) chloride solution at a tin anode?
dkSulh fØ;k,¡ gksxh] tc fVu (II) DyksjkbM ds tyh; foy;u dk fVu ,uksM+ ij fo|qr vi?kVu djk;k tkrk gS \
(A*) Sn = Sn2+ + 2e– (B) 2Cl- = Cl2 + 2e–
(C) 2H2O = O2 + 4H+ + 4e– (D) none of these mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
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Sol. Solution contains Sn2+, Cl–, H O.
2
Anode is tin anode.
o
From the SRP values, it is clear that the reaction for which SRP is least will take place at anode ESn2 / Sn
is least.
So, Sn Sn2+ + 2e– Ans.
5. In the electrolysis of an aqueous nickel(II) sulphate solution, the process 2H2O = O2 + 4H+ + 4e- occurs at the
anode. The material of construction of the anode is
(A) nickel (B*) gold (C) copper (D) none of these
fudy (II) lYQsV ds tyh; foy;u esa fo|qr vi?kVu djkus ij] ,suksM+ ij 2H2O = O2 + 4H+ + 4e– fØ;k gksrh gS ,suksM+
dk fuekZ.k dkSu ls inkFkZ ls gksrk gSA
(A) fudy (B*) xksYM (C) dkWij (D) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. The solution contains Ni2+, SO42–, H2O
E o 2 = 0.23V Eo = 2.05V
Ni / Ni S2O28 – / SO24–
6. In the electrolysis of an aqueous potassium sulphate solution, the pH of the solution in the space near an
electrode increased. Which pole of the current source is the electrode connected to?
(A) The positive pole (B) Could be either pole
(C*) The negative pole (D) Cannot be determined
,d tyh; iksVsf'k;e lYQsV foy;u ds fo|qr vi?kVu esa bysDVªkWM ds ikl ds LFkku esa foy;u dk pH c<+k;k tkrk gSA
fo|qr L=kksr ds dkSu ls /kqzo ls bysDVªkWM dks tksM+k x;k gS \
(A) /kukRed /kzqo (B) fdlh Hkh /kzqo ls (C*) _.kkRed /kqzo (D) Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
+ 2–
Sol. K2SO4(aq.) contains K , SO4 , H2O
At anode ; water gets oxidized
2H2O O2 + 4n+ + 4e–
as H+ are produced, region around anode has lesser pH.
At cathode, water get reduced.
2H2O + 2e– H2 + 2OH–
as OH– are produced, region around cathode has higher pH.
Cathode is negatively charged.
7. In the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a salt, the pH in the space near one of the electrodes increased.
A solution of which salt is being electrolyzed?
(A) none of the following (B) CuCl2 (C) Cu(NO3)2 (D*) KCl
,d yo.k ds ,d tyh; foy;u ds fo|qr vi?kVu esa ,d bysDVªkWM ds ikl ds LFkku ds foy;u dk pH c<+ tkrk gS] fdl
yo.k ds foy;u dk fo|qr vi?kVu djk;k tk,xk \
(A) fuEu esa ls dksbZ ugha (B) CuCl2 (C) Cu(NO3)2 (D*) KCl
Sol. In CuCl2 solution,
At anode
either 2Cl– Cl2 + 2e–
8. Number of electrons lost during electrolysis of 0.355 g of Cl¯ is -
0.355 g Cl¯ ds fy, fo|qr vi?kVu ds nkSjku fdrus bysDVªkWu fudysxsa \
0.01
(A) 0.01 (B*) 0.01 N0 (C) 0.02 N0 (D) 2 N
0
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9. In the electrolysis of a copper(II) chloride solution, the mass of the cathode increased by 3.2 g. W hat
occurred at the copper anode ?
(A*) 0.05 mol of Cu2+ passed into the solution (B) 0.56 L of O2 was liberated
2+
(C) 0.1 mol of Cu passed into the solution (D) 0.112 L of Cl2 was liberated
dkWij (II) DyksjkbM foy;u ds fo|qr vi?kVu ij dSFkksM+ dk nzO;eku 3.2 g c<+rk gSA dkWij ds ,suksM ij D;k ik;k tkrk gS \
(A*) Cu2+ ds 0.05 eksy foy;u esa tkrs gS (B) O2 ds 0.56 L eqDr gksrs gS
(C) Cu2+ ds 0.1 eksy foy;u esa tkrs gS (D) Cl2 ds 0.112 L eqDr gksrs gS
10. The passage of a constant current through a solution of dilute H 2SO4 with ‘Pt’ electrodes liberated 336 cm 3
of a mixture of H2 and O2 at S.T.P. The quantity of electricity that was passed is
,d ruq H2SO4 foy;u esa ls ‘Pt’ bysDVªkWM ds lkFk fu;r /kkjk izokfgr dh tkrh gS rks STP ij H2 rFkk O2 dk 336 cm 3
feJ.k eqDr gksrk gS rks izokfgr gksus okyh /kkjk dh ek=kk gksxh \
1
(A) 96500 C (B) 965 C (C*) 1930 C (D) faraday QSjkMs
100
1
Sol. H2O 2 e
H2 + 2 O2
2 × 96500 C 22.4 × 1000 cm 3 H2
2 96500 224
C 224 cm3 H2
22.4 1000
= 1930 C.
11. A very thin copper plate is electro-plated with gold using gold chloride in HCl. The current was passed for 20
min. and the increase in the weight of the plate was found to be 2g. [Au = 197]. The current passed was -
,d cgqr iryh dkWij dh IysV dks fo|qr ysiu ds fy, xksYM ds lkFk HCl esa xksYM DyksjkbM dks ysdj fd;k tkrk gSA èkkjk
dks 20 feuV rd izokfgr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk IysV dk Hkkj c<+rk gSA ;g ik;k x;k gS fd ;g 2g gSA rc izokfgr dh x;h
/kkjk fuEu gS&
(A) 0.816 amp (B) 1.632 amp (C*) 2.448 amp (D) 3.264 amp
Sol. Gold chloride AuCI3
M
m= ×I×t
96500 n
2 96500 3
= = 2.448A.
197 20 60
12. What is the formula of a compound of niobium and nitrogen that crystallizes in a hexagonal closest packed
array of nitrogen atoms with niobium atoms in half of the tetrahedral holes ?
uk;ksfc;e o ukbVªkstu ds ,d ;kSfxd dk lw=k D;k gS tks prq”Qydh; fNnzkas ds vk/ks esa uk;ksfc;e ijek.kqvksa ds lkFk ukbVªkstu
ijek.kqvksa ds ,d “kV~Hkqth; fufcM ladqy O;wg esa fØLVyhd`r gksrs gksa \
(A) Nb4N (B) Nb2N (C*) NbN (D) NbN2
Sol. Effective number of N = 6
1
Effective number of Nb = 6 × 2 × =6
2
Formula = Nb6N6
or = NbN
13. F-centres are
(A*) the electrons trapped in anionic vacancies
(B) the electrons trapped in cation vacancies
(C) non-equivalent sites of stoichiometric compound
(D) all of the above
F-dsUnz gS %
(A*) _.kk;fud fjfDr;ksa esa mifLFkr bySDVªkWu
(B) /kuk;fud fjfDr;ksa esa mifLFkr bySDVªkWu
(C) jllehdj.kferh; ;kSfxd ds fy, vrqY;rk LFky
(D) mijksDr lHkh
Sol. (A)
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14. The total no. of triple points in the phase diagram given below is/are :
uhps fn;s x;s izkoLFkk fp=k esa f=kd fcUnqvksa dh dqy la[;k gS%
15. According to Henry’s law, the solubility of a gas in a given volume of liquid increases with increase in :
gsujh fu;e ds vuqlkj] fn;s x;s nzo ds vk;ru es xSl dh foys;rk fuEu ds c<us ds lkFk c<rh gS%
(A) Temperature (B*) Pressure (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these
(A) rki (B*) nkc (C) (A) o (B) nksuks (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugh
16. Identify the INCORRECT statement
(A) Orbitals of a subshell have same value of ( n + ) but the orbitals having same (n + ) value may not belong
to same subshell.
(B*) The orbital having value of = 2 will have 2 orientations in space.
(C) 3p and 3d orbitals have directional character.
(D) Orbits in Bohr’s model are two dimensional in nature.
(E) All are correct.
vlR; dFku dks igpkfu;sA
(A) fdlh midks'k esa mifLFkr d{kdksa ds fy,] ( n + ) ds eku leku gksrs gSa] ijUrq d{kd ftlds fy, ( n + ) ds eku leku
gS] os leku midks'k ls lEcfU/kr gksa] ;g vko';d ugha gSA
(B*) og d{kd ftlds fy;s dk eku 2 gS] og f=kfoe (space) esa nks izdkj ds vfHkfoU;kl (orientations) n'kkZrk gSA
(C) 3p ,oa 3d d{kd fn'kkRed izd`fr (directional character) ds gksrs gSaA
(D) cksgj ds ijek.kq izfr:i esa dks'kksa (Orbits) dh izd`fr f}fofe; (two dimensional) gksrh gSA
(E) lHkh lgh gSA
Sol. n denotes shell and denotes subshell
(n + ) value will be same for all orbitals of a subshell.
Orbital having value of = 2 will have 5 orientations in space
(d xy , dyz , dzx , d x 2 y 2 , d z 2 )
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Sol. n dks'k dks n'kkZrk gS rFkk midks'k dks n'kkZrk gSA
,d midks'k ds lHkh d{kdksa ds fy, (n + ) ds eku leku gksxsaA
d{kd ftlds fy, dk eku 2 gS] mlds fy, f=kfoe esa dqy 5 izdkj ds vfHkfoU;kl gksxsaA
(d xy , dyz , dzx , d x 2 y 2 , d z 2 )
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20. A current is passed through 2 voltameters connected in series. The first voltameter contains XSO 4 (aq.) and
second has Y2SO4 the relative atomic masses of X and Y are in the ratio of 2 : 1. The ratio of the mass of X
liberated to the mass of Y liberated is
Js.kh esa la;ksftr 2 oksYVehsVj esa ls /kkjk izokfgr dh tkrh gSA izFke oksYVehVj] XSO4 (tyh;) ;qDr gSa rFkk f}rh; Y2SO4
;qDr gSaA X rFkk Y dk vkisf{kd ijek.kq nzO;eku 2 : 1 vuqikr esa gSaA eqDr gq, X rFkk eqDr gq, Y ds nzO;ekuksa dk vuqikr
fuEu gSA
(A*) 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 2 : 1 (D) None of the above mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. XSO4 (aq.)
Y2SO4 (aq.)
Mol.mass X 2 mol. mass X mol. mass Y
Mol. massY = 1 eq. wt. of X =
2
eq. wt. of Y =
2
1. A very thin copper plate is electro-plated with gold using gold chloride in HCl. The current was passed for 20
min. and the increase in the weight of the plate was found to be 2g. [Au = 197]. The current passed was -
,d cgqr iryh dkWij dh IysV dks fo|qr ysiu ds fy, xksYM ds lkFk HCl esa xksYM DyksjkbM dks ysdj fd;k tkrk gSA èkkjk
dks 20 feuV rd izokfgr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk IysV dk Hkkj c<+rk gSA ;g ik;k x;k gS fd ;g 2g gSA rc izokfgr dh x;h
/kkjk fuEu gS&
(A) 0.816 amp (B) 1.632 amp (C*) 2.448 amp (D) 3.264 amp
Sol. Gold chloride AuCI3
M
m= ×I×t
96500 n
2 96500 3
= = 2.448A.
197 20 60
2. In the electrolysis of an aqueous SnCl2 solution, 4.48 L of chlorine at STP were liberated at the anode. The
mass of tin deposited at the cathode was (M of Sn = 118.5)
tyh; SnCl2 foy;u ds fo|qr vi?kVu esa ,suksM ij STP ij 4.48 L Dyksjhu fu"dkflr gksrh gS rks dSFkksM ij fu{ksfir gksus
okys fVu dk nzO;eku gksxk \ (M of Sn = 118.5)
(A) 119 g (B) 79.3 g (C) 47.4 g (D*) 23.7 g
3. What must be the concentration of Ag+ in an aqueous solution containing Cu2+ = 1.0 M so that both the
0 0
metals can be deposited on the cathode simultaneously. Given that E Cu Cu2 = – 0.34 V and E Ag Ag =
0.812 V, T = 298 K
(A) nearly 10–19 M (B) 10–12 M (C*) 10–8 M (D) nearly 10–16 M
,d tyh; foy;u tks fd Cu2+ = 1.0 M j[krk gSa esa Ag+ vk;u dh lkUnzrk D;k gksuh pkfg, dh nksuksa /kkrq dSFkksM+ ij ;qxir
:i ls ¼lkFk&lkFk½ fu{ksfir gks] fn;k x;k gS E 0Cu Cu2 = – 0.34 V rFkk E 0Ag Ag = 0.812 V, T = 298K
(A) yxHkx 10–19 M (B) 10–12 M (C*) 10–8 M (D) yxHkx 10–16 M
4. Electrolytic reduction of 6.15 g of nitrobenzene using a current effeciency of 40% will require which of the
following quantity of electricity. [C = 12, H = 1, N = 14, O = 16]
40% n{krk dh /kkjk iz;qDr dj ukbVªkscsUthu ds 6.15 g dk oS|qr vi?kVuh; vip;u ds fy, vko';d fo|qr /kkjk dh ek=kk
fuEu esa ls dkSulh gksxhA [C = 12, H = 1, N = 14, O = 16]
(A*) 0.75 F (B) 0.15 F (C) 0.75 C (D) 0.125 C
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Sol.
6.15
= 0.05 mole of mitro benzene
123
V.F = 6
electricity of charge required if efficiency is 100%
= 0.05 × 6 = 0.3 F
But efficiency is 40%
0. 3
charge required = = 0.75.
0. 4
5. Electrolysis of a solution of HSO 4 ions produces S 2O8 . Assuming 75% current efficiency, what
current should be employed to achieve a production rate of 1 mole of S 2O 8 per hour ?
HSO4 vk;uksa ds foy;u ds fo|q r vi?kVu ij S 2O8 vk;u mRiUu gks rs gSa A 75% fo|qr n{krk ekurs gq ,] 1 eks y
S 2O8 izfr ?k.Vk dh mRiknu nj dks iz kIr djus a ds fy, fdruh /kkjk iz okfgr djuh gks xh&
(A*) 71.5 amp (B) 35.7 amp (C) 142.96 amp (D) 285.93 amp
6. Aqueous solution of Na2SO4 containing a small amount of HPh (Phenolphthalein) is electrolysed using Pt-
electrodes. The colour of the solution after some time will :
(A*) remain colourless (B) change from pink to colourless
(C) change from colourless to pink (D) remain pink
lw{e ek=kk esa HPh ¼fQukWY¶Fksfyu½ ;qDr Na2SO4 ds tyh; foy;u esa Pt-bysDVªkWM dk iz;ksx djds fo|qr vi?kVu fd;k
tkrk gSA dqN le; i'pkr foy;u dk jax gksxk %
(A*) jaxghu jgsxk (B) xqykch ls jaxghu gks tk,xk
(C) jaxghu ls xqykch gks tk,xk (D) xqykch jgsxk
Sol. Remains colourless since solution is almost neutral & Hph shows pink colour only in basic medium.
Cathode : 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH–.
(A) liquid to solid (B*) gas to solid (C) solid to liquid (D) solid to gas
(A) nzo ls Bksl (B*) xSl ls Bksl (C) Bksl ls nzo (D) Bksl ls xSl
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8. The emf of the cell
Ag | Ag+ (1 M) || I– (1 M) | AgI | Ag is E
The solubility product of AgI can be expressed as :
lSy Ag | Ag+ (1 M) || I– (1 M) | AgI | Ag dk emf, E gS] AgI dk foys;rk xq.kkad fuEu izdkj ls O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS%
nF E nFE
(A) Ks = 2.303 RT log E (B) ln K = nF E (C) ln K = nF (D*) log Ks = 2.303 RT
T s
E
+ –
Sol. For the cell Ag | Ag || I , AgI ; Ag
LHS electrode Ag Ag+ + e–
RHS electrode AgI + e– Ag + I–
Cell reaction, AgI Ag+ + I–
The equilibrium constant (K) = The solubility product Ks
G = – nFE
Gº = – 2.303 RT log K
nFE
log K = 2.303 RT
9*. Just sufficient Al2(SO4)3 (s) is added to a 0.4 M solution of BaCl2 such that all the BaSO 4 is precipitated
completely (volume of solution is maintained constant then) :
(A*) Freezing point of the original solution is raised
(B) Boiling point of the original solution is raised
(C*) Vapour pressure of the original solution is raised
(D) No change occurs in the colligative properties of solutions
0.4 M BaCl2 foy;u esa Al2(SO4)3 dh f<d i;kZIr ek=kk bl izdkj feykbZ tkrh gS rkfd BaSO4 iw.kZr% vo{ksfir gks tkrk
gS ¼foy;u dk vk;ru fLFkj j[krs gq,½ rks
(A*) okLrfod foy;u dk fgekad fcUnq c<rk gSA
(B) okLrfod foy;u dk DoFkukad fcUnq c<rk gSA
(C*) okLrfod foy;u dk ok"i nkc c<rk gSA
(D) foy;u ds v.kqla[;d xq.k/;ksZ es dksbZ ifjorZu ugh gksrk gSA
10.* Which of the following are correct statements ?
(A*) vander Waals constant ‘a’ is a measure of attractive force
(B*) van der Waals constant ‘b’ is also called co-volume or excluded volume
(C*) ‘b’ is expressed in L mol–1
(D*) ‘a’ is expressed in atm L2 mol–2
fuEu esa ls lgh dFku dkSulk gS \
(A*) okUMjokWYl~ fu;rkad ‘a’ vkd"kZ.k cy dk ekiu djrk gSaA
(B*) okUMjokWYl~ fu;rkad ‘b’ dks lg&vk;ru vFkok vlfEefyr vk;ru ¼fudkyk x;k vk;ru½ Hkh dgrs gSaA
(C*) ‘b’ dks L mol–1 esa O;Dr djrs gSa&
(D*) ‘a’ dks atm L2 mol–2 esa O;Dr djrs gaSA
Sol. Factual Question.
11._* Which of the following statements is/are correct :
(A*) Among NaF & NaBF4, NaF is relatively less soluble in water.
(B*) Larger negative value of lattice enthalpy is a favourable condition for formation of ionic bond.
(C*) In general, ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in solid state.
(D) The water solubility of alkalline earth metal carbonates increases on moving down the group.
fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls dFku lgh gS :
(A*) NaF ,oa NaBF4 esa ls] NaF ty esa vkisf{kd :i ls de ?kqyu'khy gksrk gSA
(B*) tkyd ,UFkSYih dk cM+k _.kkRed eku vk;fud ca/k fuekZ.k ds fy, vuqdwy ifjfLFkfr gSA
(C*) lkekU;r;k] vk;fud ;kSfxd Bksl voLFkk esa oS|qr /kkjk dk pkyu ugha djrs gSaA
(D) {kkjh; e`nk /kkrq ds dkcksZusVksa dh tyh; foys;rk] oxZ esa uhps dh vksj tkus ij c<+rh gSA
Sol. (A) Larger the size difference between ions, greater will be the solubility.
(B) Larger negative value of lattice enthalpy is a favourable condition for formation of ionic bond as larger
release of energy causes greater stability of lattice.
(C) In general, ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state and aqueous medium.
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g y- (A) vk;uksa ds e/; vkdkj esa ftruk T;knk vUrj gksxk] foys;rk mruh gh T;knk gksxhA
(B) tkyd ,UFkSYih dk cM+k _.kkRed eku vk;fud ca/k fuekZ.k ds fy, vuqdqy ifjfLFkfr gksrh gS] D;ksafd cgqr vf/kd ÅtkZ
eqDr gksus ds dkj.k tkyd (lattice) vis{kkd`r vf/kd LFkk;h gksrh gSA
(C) lkekU;r;k] vk;fud ;kSfxd xfyr voLFkk ,oa tyh; ek/;e esa oS|qr /kkjk dk pkyu djrs gSaA
12.* Which of the following do not exist ?
fuEu esa ls fdldk vfLrRo ugha gS \
(A*) SH6 (B*) HFO4 (C*) FeI3 (D) HClO3
Sol. (A) With hydrogen sulphur does not undergo sp3d2 hybridisation because of larger difference in energies
between s, p and d-orbitals. Sulphur show +6 oxidation state with highly electronegative elements like O and F.
(B) As fluorine is smaller and more electronegative than oxygen.
(C) I– being stronger reducing agent reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+.
Sol. lYQj] gkbMªkstu ds lkFk sp3d2 ladj.k ugha cukrk D;ksa fd buds e/; s, p rFkk d-d{kdksa esa ÅtkZ dk vUrj vf/kd gksrk
gSA (A) lYQj vf/kd fo|qr _.kkRed rRo tSls O ,oa F ds lkFk +6 vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk fn[kkrk gSA
(B) ¶yksjhu] vkWDlhtu dh rqyuk esa vf/kd fo|qr_.kkRed gksrk gS rFkk ¶yksjhu dk vkdkj NksVk gksrk gSA
(C) I– izcy vipk;d gksrk gS tks fd Fe3+ dk vip;u Fe2+ esa dj nsrk gSA
14. What would be the approximate concentration of metal ions Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ after 96.5 min respectively?
96.5 feuV ds i'pkr~ Cu2+, Zn2+ rFkk Mn2+ vk;uksa dh lkanzrk;sa Øe'k% D;k gksxh ¼yxHkx½ \
(A) 0.01 M , 0.03 M, 0.001 M (B) 0.01 M, 0.03 M, 0.03 M
(C*) 0 M, 0.03 M, 0.03 M (D) 0.003 M, 0.03 M, 0 M.
Sol. Since, no. of Faraday used
= No of equivalent deposited = (n-factor) × mole deposited
no. of Faraday used i t 1 1 96.5 60
mole deposited = = × = = 30 × 10 –3 = 0.03.
n – factor 96500 n 96500 2
g y- pwafd] ç;qDr QSjkMs dh la[;k
= fu{ksfir /kkrq ds rqY;kadks dh la[;k = (n-dkjd) × fu{ksfir eksy
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i t 1 1 96 .5 60
fu{ksfir eksy = n– = × = = 30 × 10–3 = 0.03.
96500 n 96500 2
16. If current efficiency is 50%, what volume of O 2 gas evolved at NTP after 96.5 minutes ?
;fn fo|qr /kkjk dh n{krk 50% gS] rc NTP ij] 96.5 feuV ds i'pkr~ fu"dkflr O2 xSl dk vk;ru D;k gS \
(A) 332 mL (B*) 168 mL (C) 84 mL (D) 42 mL
Sol. No.of equivalent of O2 evolved = no.of Faraday used
50
i. t
100 0.5 i. t 0.5 1 96 .5 60 1 0 .03
= 96500 = 96500 mole of O2= × =
96500 4 4
0 .03
volume at NTP = × 22.4 = 0.168 L = 168 mL.
4
g y- fu"dkflr O2 ds rqY;kdksa dh la[;k = ç;qDr QSjkMs dh la[;k
50
i. t
100 0.5 i. t 0.5 1 96 .5 60 1 0.03
= 96500 = 96500 O2 ds eksy = × =
96500 4 4
0.03
NTP ij vk;ru = × 22.4 = 0.168 L = 168 mL.
4
17. Consider an fcc lattice sectioned along the shaded plane shown in figure. One such plane is shown in
figure. Give the number of atoms in plane DBF which are in direct contact with an atom placed at point
C of metallic fcc lattice.
vko`fÙk esa n'kkZ;s vuql kj Nk;kafdr ryksa dh vksj fcc tkyd Hkkx dk voyksdu dhft;sA vkÑfr esa bl izdkj dk ry
n'kkZ;k x;k gSA ry DBF esa ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k nhft;s tks /kkfRod fcc tkyd ds fcUnq ij ,d ijek.kq ds lkFk uhps
lEidZ esa j[ks x;s gSaA
Ans. 3
Sol. Face centres of planes ABCD, BCFG, DCFE and C form a tetrahedral void. Hence C rests directly upon
three atoms.
ry ABCD, BCFG, DCFE o C ,d prq"Qydh; fjfDr;k¡ cukrs gSaA vr% C lh/ks rhuksa ijek.kqvksa ij j[kk tkrk gSA
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18. Calculate total number of possible isomers (structrural and stereoisomers) of the compound [Ir(en)2(NH3)(NO2)]2+
;kSfxd [Ir(en)2(NH3)(NO2)]2+ ds fy, lHkh laHko leko;oh;ksa ¼lajpukRed rFkk f=kfoe leko;oh½ dh la[;k Kkr djksA
Sol. 6
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ChemINFO-1.18 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Daily Self-Study Dosage for mastering Chemistry Corrosion
Corrosion is one of the most significant problems faced by advanced industrial societies. It is estimated that
about 30-40% of iron and steel produced annually is used just to replace the rusted iron materials. Corrosion
toches all appliances used inside and outside home, on the road,on the sea, in plants and in aerospace vehicles.
corrosion is a spontaneous slow chemical interaction of metal or alloy with its environment, resulting in the
formation of one of its compounds such as oxide, hydrated oxide, carbonate, sulphide, sulphate, etc.
Corrosion can be defined as the deterioration of materials by chemical interaction with their environmnet.
Corrosion of metals occurs either by direct chemical attack or by electrochemical attack on the metal by the
corrosive environment. The most familiar example of corrosion is rusting of iron exposed to the atmospheric
conditions.
3
2Fe(s) + O (g) + xH2O(I) Fe2O3 · xH2O(s)
2 2
(Chemical composition of rust)
The rusting of iron is a complex chemical reaction that involves both oxygen and moisture (see Fig. 3.20). Iron
does not rust in pure water that is oxygen free, and it does not rust in pure oxygen in the absence of moisture.
This suggests that the corrosion process is electrochemical in nature. At one place on the surface, iron becomes
oxidized in the presence of water and enters solution as Fe 2+ and this is the anodic location of the metal
surface. Reaction taking place at the anode is
Memorize this theory as soon as you get the DPP. Revise it regularly and master this concept by practice.
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ChemINFO-1.18 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Daily Self-Study Dosage for mastering Chemistry la{kkj.k
vk/kqfud vkS|ksfxd leqnk;ksa esa ,d eq[; leL;k la{kkj.k (Corrosion) gSA ;g crkrk gS fd okf"kZd mRiUu yxHkx 30-40% vk;ju
rFkk LVhy tax yxs vk;ju inkFkksZ dks gVkus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrs gSaA la{kkj.k ?kj ds vUnj rFkk ckgj lHkh midj.kksa eas] lM+dksa
ij] leqnzksa ij] ikniksa esa rFkk ok;oh; ifg;ksa esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA la{kkj.k] /kkrq vFkok blds ok;qe.My ds lkFk feJ /kkrq dh ,d
Lor% eUn jklk;fud vU;ksU; fØ;k gS] blds ifj.kkeLo:i vkWDlkbM] ty;ksftr vkWDlkbM] dkcksZusV] lYQkbM] lYQsV bR;kfn
ds leku blds ,d ;kSfxd dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA
la{kkj.k dks buds ok;qe.My ds lkFk jklk;fud vU;ksU; fØ;k }kjk inkFkksZ ds voufr (deterioration) ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr
dj ldrs gSaA inkFkksaZ dk la{kkj.k ok;qe.My }kjk /kkrq ij fo|qr jklk;fud okrkoj.k }kjk vFkok izR;{k jklk;fud vkØe.k }kjk
izkIr gksrk gSA la{kkj.k dk lokZf/kd ikfjokfjd mnkgj.k ok;qe.Myh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa eas [kqyk NksM+us ij vk;ju dk tax yxuk gSA
3
2Fe(s) + O (g) + xH2O(I) Fe2O3 · xH2O(s)
2 2
(tax
dk jklk;fud laxBu)
vk;ju dk tax yxuk ,d tfVy jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k gS ftlesa vkWDlhtu rFkk ueh (fp=k ns[ksa) nksuksa gksrs gSaA vk;ju ij 'kq)
ty esa tax ugha yxrk gS D;ksafd ;g vkWDlhtu eqDr gksrk gS rFkk bl ij ueh dh vuqifLFkfr eas 'kq) vkWDlhtu esa tax ugha yxrk
gSA ;g crkrk gS fd laa{kkj.k izØe ,d oS|qr jklk;fud izd`fr dk gksrk gSA /kkrq dh ,d lrg ij vk;ju ty dh mifLFkfr eas
vkWDlhd`r gksrk gS rFkk Fe2+ ds :i esa foy;u esa izos'k djrk gS rFkk ;g /kkrq lrg dh ,uksfMd fLFkfr gSA ,uksM ij gksus okyh
vfHkfØ;k gS ; Fe(s) Fe2+ (aq) + 2e–
20. In the rusting of iron, which of the following cell reactions occurs at the cathode ?
(A) Fe2+ | Fe (B*) O2 | H 2O (C) Fe 3+ | F2+ (D) Fe | Fe3+
21. Which of the following statements regarding rusting of iron is/are correct ?
(A*) It takes palce is moist air (B*) It is stopped in CO 2 atmosphere
(C*) It produces Fe (III) oxide (D) It is an electrochemical process.
22. In which of the following will the corrosion of iron be most rapid ?
(A) In pure water (B) In pure oxygen (C) In air and moisture (D*) In air and saline water
21. fuEu es ls dkSulk dFku ykSgs ij tax yxus ds lUnHkZ es lgh gS@gSa \
(A*) ;g ue ok;q es gksrk gSA (B*) ;g CO2 ds okrkoj.k es cUn tkrk gSA
(C*) ;g Fe (III) vkWDlkbM cukrk gSA (D) ;g ,d fo?kqrjlk;fud izØe gSA
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