Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) - Welding and NDT

12/15/2018 Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) | Welding and NDT
Welding and NDT
About Me Videos
January 31, 2018 ⁄ sandeep
Welding Procedure
Specification (WPS)
A welding procedure specification (WPS) is a written document Search … 
providing direction to the welder (or welding operator). It
contains all the necessary parameters viz. joints, base metals,
filler metals, positions, preheat, PWHT, gas etc. (including Recent
ranges, if any) under which the welding process must be Comments
performed. These parameters are known as variables (as per
ASME Section IX). Three types of variables are mentioned in the Mahesh b on
code, these are; Welding Procedure
Specification (WPS)
1. Essential Variable Sunny Oraon on
2. Non essential Variable My YouTube Videos
3. Supplementary Essential variable MD ISHTYAQUE
ANSARI on Dye
Essential Variables (For WPS – QG-105.1 & QW-251.2): A change Penetrant Test (DPT,
in essential variable is considered to affect the mechanical LPI, PT) – Non
properties (other than toughness) of the welded joint. Hence the Destructive Test
WPS must be requalified, if the essential variable is changed.
http://www.weldingandndt.com/welding/welding-procedure-specification-wps/ 1/18
Supplementary Essential Variables (QG-105.3 & QW-401.1): A

change in the supplementary essential variable will affect the bestweldinghelemt
toughness properties of the joint, heat-affected zone, or base on Welding
material. Hence supplementary essential variables become Procedure
additional essential variables in situations where procedure
Specification (WPS)
qualification requires toughness testing. When procedure
MD SAJID on
qualification does not require the addition of toughness testing,
Development Of
supplementary essential variables are not applicable.
Radiography Film
Nonessential Variables (QG-105.4 & QW-251.3): Nonessential

variables are those in which a change can be made without
Categories
requalification of the existing WPS, since it is not considered to
affect the mechanical properties of the joint. Though a change (GTAW/TIG) Gas
in the nonessential variable doesn’t require requalification of Tungsten Arc
the WPS but still it should be properly addressed in the welding
Welding
procedure specification (WPS).
(MIG/GMAW) Gas
Metal Arc Welding
Some basic facts about WPS: (SMAW) Shielded
Metal Arc Welding
A welding procedure specification shall contain, as a minimum,
ASME Standards
the specific essential and nonessential variables that are
Dye Penetrant
applicable to the welding process. When the referencing Code,
Test
standard, or specification requires toughness qualification of
the welded joint, then applicable supplementary essential Hydrotest
variables shall also be provided in the WPS. My YouTube
Videos
These variables are listed in tables from QW-252 to QW-257. Non Destructive
Please note that for each welding process, there is a separate Tests (NDT)
table containing the list of all variables. For example, list of Preparatory
variables (essential, nonessential and supplementary essential) Questions For AWS
for Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is given in table QW-253. & CSWIP Exams
Radiography
Please see the below table (Table-1) for a complete list of
Testing
welding processes and their corresponding tables for variables
Types of steel
(as per ASME Section IX).
Types of weld
joints
Table-1
Types of Welding
Visual Inspection
Welder
Performance Test
Welding
Welding Defects
Welding
Electrodes
Welding Positions
Welding
Procedure
Specification (WPS)
Welding Symbols
Archives
December 2018
October 2018
January 2018
December 2017
October 2017
Steps to be followed for preparation of WPS: September 2017
August 2017
First of all we need to identify the welding process which is to be
used for example weather it’s a SMAW or GMAW or GTAW or any
other welding process or it’s a combination of two or more
Recent Posts
welding processes. Once the welding process is decided then we
need to see the corresponding table (QW-252 to QW-257) for the Visual Inspection
complete list of variables. With the help of the table we can list of Weld Joints
out all the necessary variables to be used in our WPS.
My YouTube
Videos
Once the minimum variables (essential, nonessential and
Gas Tungsten
supplementary variable, if any) are decided a preliminary WPS
Arc Welding
(or proposed WPS also known as pWPS) is prepared.
(GTAW/TIG)
Based on the proposed WPS, Test coupon (or coupons) is Welding

prepared, and the coupon is welded as per the values (or range) Procedure
provided in the pWPS. All the real time data (observed during Specification (WPS)
the welding of test coupon) are recorded. Hydrotest
After successful welding, test coupon (or coupons) is subjected

to destructive test, and if the test coupon (or coupons) meets
the minimum code requirement then the same pWPS is
finalized and approved for further job. In case of any change
same procedure is repeated till the test coupon doesn’t meet
the minimum code requirement.
All the real time data during welding of test coupon and
destructive test report data is compiled into one document
known as Procedure qualification record (PQR).
After successful preparation of PQR, final WPS is prepared and

produced to the authorized welding inspector for final approval.
Please click on this link to see a sample WPS Format.
Important Articles in ASME Section IX
Article I Welding General Requirements

QW-150 Tension Tests
QW-153 Acceptance Criteria-Tension Tests
QW-160 Guided-Bend Tests
QW-163 Acceptance Criteria-Guided Bend Tests
QW-171 Toughness Tests
QW-172 Toughness Tests-Drop Weight
QW-180 Fillet-Weld Tests
QW-182 Fracture Tests
QW-183 Macro Examination-Procedure Specimens
Article II Welding Procedure Qualifications

QW-200 General
QW-210 Preparation of Test Coupon
QW-250 Welding Variables (Refer Table-1)
Article IV Welding Data

QW-400 Variables
QW-401.1 Supplementary Essential Variable (Procedure)
QW-402 Joints
QW-403 Base Metal
QW-404 Filler Metal
QW-405 Position
QW-406 Preheat
QW-407 Post Weld Heat Treatment
QW-408 Gas
QW-409 Electrical Characteristics
QW-410 Technique
QW-420 Base Metal Groupings
Table QW/QB-422 Grouping of Base Metals for Qualification
QW-430 F‐Numbers
Table QW-432 Grouping of Electrodes and Welding Rods

for Qualification
QW-440 Weld Metal Chemical Composition
Table QW-442 A-Numbers Classification of Ferrous Weld

Metal Analysis for Procedure Qualification
QW-450 Specimens
Table QW-451.1 Groove-Weld Tension Tests and

Transverse-Bend Tests
Table QW-451.2 Groove-Weld Tension Tests and

Longitudinal-Bend Tests
Table QW-451.3 Fillet-Weld Tests
Table QW-451.4 Fillet Welds Qualified by Groove-Weld

Tests
QW-461 Positions
QW-461.3 Groove Welds in Plate-Test Positions
QW-461.4 Groove Welds in Pipe-Test Positions
QW-461.5 Fillet Welds in Plate-Test Positions
QW-461.6 Fillet Welds in Pipe-Test Positions
QW-462 Test Specimen Table QW-462.1(a) to QW-

462.5(e) Fig QW-463.1(a) to QW-469.2
QW-470 Etching — Processes and Reagents
Article V Standard Welding Procedure

Specifications (SWPSs)
I hope this article will help all welding professionals and
freshers. Please give your valuable feedback. I would like to
thank Mr. Goutham Rathinam (AWeldI & CSWIP 3.1-TWI,UK) for
helping me in writing this article. Thank you.
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Assessment Test Authorized Auto Mechanic Online Coupons Addressed Airfare Indonesia
WELDING WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)
« Hydrotest Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG) »
49 comments
Goutham says:
January 31, 2018 at 2:45 am
Thank you Sir, for mentioning me in your article.
Reply
sandeep says:
January 31, 2018 at 10:47 pm
Its my pleasure Sir, I am eagerly waiting for your next article.
Reply
Indrasen says:
February 1, 2018 at 10:27 am
Good article.Thankyou sir.
Reply
Raj says:
February 1, 2018 at 11:27 pm
Thanks for informative article.
Reply
BAGAVATHIYAPPAN says:
April 11, 2018 at 11:07 pm
Thank you for sort out the clauses and this will be easy to
prepare WPS and PQR.
Reply
Rana says:
Very well prepared , well compoused and compact info about ASME
SECTION ix thanks.
Reply
Rana says:
Dear sir pls also make some articles about storage and pressure
vessels APIs thanks
Reply
Lakshmana says:
Hi sir please can you give me some reference for as per EN

standard impact valve for subsize 2.5mm thickness and material
304 temperature at -196 degrees C.
How many joules required ?
Reply
Goutham says:
Refer BS EN 10028-7 TABLE 9 it is 60 joules.

Steel Number = 1.4301 equivalent for 304
Reply
Effendi Sitanggang says:

Clear and easy to understand.

Thank you for involving me in this group
Reply
Rodolfo Cabriales says:

Yes you are right . That is the way it is

Best regards .
Reply
Budi sutrisno says:

Qualyfite to profesionalisme W P S
Reply
Chris Marks says:

Thank you for publishing this it is very helpful.
Reply
Vikash Gautam says:

Thank you for providing this information.This information is very

useful for Piping Engineer.
Reply
Benjamin says:
That was a sound piece of work, and will be very much appreciated
by all in the industry.
Reply
Benjamin says:
Every one in the industry will definitely value your effort in

producing those materials. Great work, keep it up.
Reply
Raj says:
This type of article are very knowledgeable for everyone. Thanks for
sharing.
Reply
Bhavesh patel says:

Thank you for share information. Nice.
Reply
Robin V koshy says:

Sir can you please explain how can we selecting the Welding
electrode, with respect to parent metal and weld
Reply
David Lankford Sr. says:

Well written. Easy to understand for all.
Reply
shashi says:
March 11, 2018 at 9:18 pm
how to select electrode or filler by useing Asme sec 9.
Reply
Ajay says:
April 3, 2018 at 8:14 am
Thank you for this article,

It’s very helpful for all fresher welding engineer.
Reply
Helman Novrando - SLV - INDONESIA says:

April 10, 2018 at 1:25 am
Thank you for this article,

*‫ﻊ‬ ً ‫ﻋ ْﻠ‬
ً ِ‫ﻤﺎ ﻧَﺎﻓ‬ ِ *
Reply
Sathish Kumar.p says:

April 14, 2018 at 12:08 am
I complete the graduation in mechanical engineering from india. I

was worked in dimensional inspection in my foundry(i.e. which
produces castings of valve bodies). And also I will be more interest
to study welding inspection and other ndt courses.I will be seeking
the job for my best future.So you can help to me. Please reply to my
mail.Thank you sir.
Reply
Rajesh says:
April 14, 2018 at 5:46 am
Thank you sir. It is very helpful to us.
Reply
ASHIK says:
April 14, 2018 at 9:45 am
THANK YOU SIR, IT IS VERY USEFUL FOR US
Reply
Bala says:
April 21, 2018 at 1:28 am
Thank you sir very useful and freshers will be easy to learn .
Reply
CLEMENT ERIBO CIWE/CEWE CEng MWeldI says:

May 15, 2018 at 8:17 pm
It is indeed a useful information. Your contribution to knowledge

dissemination in the field of welding and allied operations, is a
feat that deserves commendation. The only area I beg to
disagree with you is the Personnel approval. By this, I mean who
is responsible for the approval of a WPS. Your writeup confer the
authority on an authorised welding Inspector, which I technically
disagree with. Professionally speaking, a WPS begins with a
Preliminary Welding Procedure, that is expected to be written by
a Welding Engineer, who thereafter hands over same to an
Inspector for qualification/testing. After the qualification, the
documents is returned back to the welding Engineer for final
approval. The welding Engineer has the right to either approve
or order a requalification. When similar issue was raised during
my senior welding Inspector certification programme in TWI UK,
where duties and responsibilities of a senior welding Inspector
was being taught, we all criticised it but jokingly concluded at
the end, that the job of a welding Inspector as it concerns
Welding Procedure Qualification, is not far from that of an errand
boy.
Reply
Jalindar Londhe says:

May 7, 2018 at 10:52 am
Thank you very much sir! It’s very easy to understand.
Reply
Prashobh says:
May 16, 2018 at 8:04 am
Thank you sir. it is very useful article.
Reply
Y,kannan says:
May 17, 2018 at 10:02 pm
Thank you and very useful information WPS
Reply
Arfan says:
May 18, 2018 at 1:35 pm
Thank you for publishing this it is very helpful.
Reply
Chukwuma says:
May 19, 2018 at 12:40 pm
It lovely. Made easy
Reply
Afrique Distribution et Assistance says:

May 23, 2018 at 7:13 pm
Thank you for providing this article. It’ll be very useful for welders
and pipe engineers.
Reply
HARI KRISHNA says:

May 31, 2018 at 11:02 am
Thank u sir for making more simple
Reply
Sachin Kashid says:

June 8, 2018 at 8:05 am
Nice Information Sir …………………………..can you provide the article

regrding Fabrication of Distillation Column
Reply
Jithin says:
June 10, 2018 at 8:56 am
Thanks for sharing your knowledge
Reply
Prakash Patel says:

June 10, 2018 at 7:22 pm
Nice information
Reply
Prakash Patel says:

June 10, 2018 at 7:23 pm
Nice information.
Reply
Deepak singh solanki says:

July 15, 2018 at 9:40 pm
Tanks for this valuable post.now each and everything is cleared

for me how to write Wps and which section is followed for that
corresponding concern
Reply
Daniel Nowak says:

June 20, 2018 at 7:49 pm
Nice article. Very informative for those not familiar with the ASME
B&PV Code, Section IX.
I agree with the comments about seeking out a Welding Engineer,

the reason being that the process tables for variables are NOT a
“How-To-Guide”. As seen in the forward of Section IX, God’s
engineering judgement is required. For example, the WPS can
increase the range of variables, to within limits for essential

variables, and no limits for non-essential variables.
The creative license and abuse to the Science of Welding and

Metallurgical effects to the cast weld metal and base metal Heat
Affected Zones, can only be controlled by an engineer who has
studied and experienced these issues.
Of the well over 400 thousand WPSs that I have had to

review/comment/approve for the corporation or government entity
that I was working for at the time, I typically find a WPSs that try to
open up all variables to a level that their welders will not fail an
audit. This can set a dangerous precedent for the safety and quality
of the welded assembly.
Remember that the Code is the “minimum requirements” to be

meet. The Welding Engineer needs to fully understand the Fit-Firm-
&-Function of the assembly to insure that all proper testing has
been completed.
Typically, Engineers not schooled in welding metallurgy become

“Welding Lawyers” with respect to the Code. They can quote
chapter and verse, but do not posses the level of understanding to
ensure their company will not inherit a large level of Risk during the
life of the product.
Seek expert guidance when identify all of the NDT and DT that
should be done to the qualification coupon(s). Prepare the WPS and
reduce the risk to stray too far from ALL of the variables used.
Prepare the Welder Performance Test Procedure, and again use the
Code as a minimum. Train the welders on anything that is different
with this welding procedure versus other applications of the same
welding process(es) and material grouping. Typically, the more the
Welder knows, the lower the Rusk to the company.
Hope this helps us some small way for you and your readers to
consider when working with Code requirements.
Reply
Parwez says:
July 21, 2018 at 4:21 pm
Dear sir,
I watched ur vedio about wps. So plz make new vedio about how
can write wps seperate Smaw , GTAW,etc
Reply
abhi singla says:

August 8, 2018 at 2:20 am
hello sir, can I get your contact number.
Reply
Navin pandey says:

September 17, 2018 at 12:35 am
Thank u sir it’s a great effort made by u u HV mention all things

in very simple way which r easy to understood …
Reply
Mahesh Bhoite says:

September 26, 2018 at 4:10 pm
Hi,Expert
Please Upload How to Select Welding Electrode,Filler Wire .Preheat
and PWHT .
Requirements.
Reply
Rasoul Alsaedi says:

September 30, 2018 at 12:14 pm
thanks for this information …Kindly please inform us about how

prepare the WPS according to API 1104
& show the diff rents from IX
Best Regards
Reply
Mukand says:
November 6, 2018 at 5:28 pm
Sir there is single typing error in “some basic fact about Wps
section. As the paragraph is written above –
“””These variables are listed in tables from QW-252 to QW-257.

Please note that for each welding process, there is a separate table
containing the list of all variables. For example list of variables
(essential, nonessential and supplementary essential) for Shielded
Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is given in table QW-453.”””
In last line of this paragraph it should QW-253 instead of QW-453.
Reply
bestweldinghelemt says:
December 3, 2018 at 2:02 pm
very informative
Reply
Mahesh b says:
December 11, 2018 at 9:05 pm
Dear Expert ,
Can you please explain briefly how to select welding electrode or
filler wire ,and preheat ,pwht requirwment
Reply
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12/15/2018 Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) | Welding and NDT

Welding and NDT

January 31, 2018 ⁄ sandeep

Supplementary Essential Variables (QG-105.3 & QW-401.1): A

Nonessential Variables (QG-105.4 & QW-251.3): Nonessential

Based on the proposed WPS, Test coupon (or coupons) is Welding

After successful welding, test coupon (or coupons) is subjected

After successful preparation of PQR, final WPS is prepared and

Please click on this link to see a sample WPS Format.

Important Articles in ASME Section IX

Article I Welding General Requirements

QW-153 Acceptance Criteria-Tension Tests

QW-160 Guided-Bend Tests

QW-163 Acceptance Criteria-Guided Bend Tests

QW-171 Toughness Tests

QW-172 Toughness Tests-Drop Weight

QW-180 Fillet-Weld Tests

QW-182 Fracture Tests

QW-183 Macro Examination-Procedure Specimens

Article II Welding Procedure Qualifications

QW-210 Preparation of Test Coupon

QW-250 Welding Variables (Refer Table-1)

Article IV Welding Data

QW-401.1 Supplementary Essential Variable (Procedure)

QW-403 Base Metal

QW-404 Filler Metal

QW-407 Post Weld Heat Treatment

QW-409 Electrical Characteristics

QW-420 Base Metal Groupings

Table QW/QB-422 Grouping of Base Metals for Qualification

Table QW-432 Grouping of Electrodes and Welding Rods

QW-440 Weld Metal Chemical Composition

Table QW-442 A-Numbers Classification of Ferrous Weld

Table QW-451.1 Groove-Weld Tension Tests and

Table QW-451.2 Groove-Weld Tension Tests and

Table QW-451.3 Fillet-Weld Tests

Table QW-451.4 Fillet Welds Qualified by Groove-Weld

QW-461.3 Groove Welds in Plate-Test Positions

QW-461.4 Groove Welds in Pipe-Test Positions

QW-461.5 Fillet Welds in Plate-Test Positions

QW-461.6 Fillet Welds in Pipe-Test Positions

QW-462 Test Specimen Table QW-462.1(a) to QW-

QW-470 Etching — Processes and Reagents

Article V Standard Welding Procedure

WELDING WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)

« Hydrotest Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG) »

Thank you Sir, for mentioning me in your article.

Its my pleasure Sir, I am eagerly waiting for your next article.

Good article.Thankyou sir.

Thanks for informative article.

Hi sir please can you give me some reference for as per EN

How many joules required ?

Refer BS EN 10028-7 TABLE 9 it is 60 joules.

Effendi Sitanggang says:

Clear and easy to understand.

Rodolfo Cabriales says:

Yes you are right . That is the way it is

Budi sutrisno says:

Chris Marks says:

Thank you for publishing this it is very helpful.

Vikash Gautam says:

Thank you for providing this information.This information is very

Every one in the industry will definitely value your effort in