Beyond Factory Drilling:

Using Seismic Data for Intelligent Well Placement

Nick Boyd
Geophysicist
Halliburton Consulting
 Halliburton Shale Characterization Objectives

 Evaluate specific behavior

specific behavior that impact the system
 Identify potential locations of sweetspots
sweetspots
 Evaluate geochemical and geomechanical parameters
geomechanical parameters
 Determine wellbore
wellboregeometries
geometries
 Evaluate completion
completion and
and stimulation
stimulation strategies
strategies
 Predict and evaluate well
wellperformance
performance
 Optimize
Optimizewellbore
wellbore programs
programs

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2

 Eagle Ford 3-D Seismic Acquisition– South Texas
PATRON GRANDE 3-D
FRIO Group Interval: 220 ft.
COUNTY
220 ft. (source line orthogonal
Source Interval:
to receiver lines)

Receiver Line Spacing: 1,540 ft.

DIMMIT EAGLE GRANDE 3D McMULLEN
COUNTY Source Line Spacing: 1,100 ft.
902 SQ. MILES INTREPID 3D
394 SQ. MILES
Geophone:
Basic Patch: 2410Hz,
lines 3 per station
x 180 receivers
REPUBLIC 3D LA SALLE
CATARINA 3D 158 SQ. MILES LIVE Sources:
(4,320
Vibroseis,channels)
slip sweep technique, 3 vibs per
fleet, 1 sweep x 36 seconds, 6 second
261 SQ. MILES PATRON 3D OAK listen time, minimum slip time 26 seconds
HAWK FIELD3D
928 SQ. MILES
COUNTY Maximum Far 26,929 ft.
24 lines x 180 receivers
276 SQ. MILES Offset:
Basic Patch:
(4,320 channels)

WEBB
Maximum Far
Bin Size: 19,690 ft.ft.
110 ft. by 110

COUNTY Offset
Surface Inline:
Square Miles
781
(approx):
Maximum Far
Maximum Far Offset: 18,370 ft.
26,929 ft.
OffsetFar
Maximum Crossline:
Offset Inline: 19,690 ft.

Maximum Far Offset

Fold:
Crossline: 216 all offsets (18 in-line x 12
18,370 ft.

cross-line)216
70-74
all offsetsfold at 0-12,500
(18 in-line x 12 cross-line)
Fold: 70-74 fold at 0-12,500 ft. offset
ft. offset 158-165 fold at 0-18,750
158-165 fold at 0-18,750 ft. offset

Record Length:
ft. offset 6 seconds
Sample Rate: 2 ms

3,300 sq miles 3-D Seismic in the Eagle Ford

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3

 Moving Beyond Classic Seismic Interpretations
Interface boundaries and layer property analysis
Interpretation from reflections Interpretation Earth Model

Dry holes
not because
of where
reservoir is.

Pre-stack data gives reservoir information Thin Section

Dry because
of what
reservoir is.

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4

 3D Seismic Delivers:

PostStack Interpretation
 Interface Properties: Reflections for structure/stratigraphy

PreStack Interpretation
 Isotropic Layer Properties:
– Prestack Inversion for Lithology, Porosity, Pore Fluid,
Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio
 Anisotropic Layer Properties:
– Long offset acquisition & VTI for Vertical Stress & Pore Pressure
– Wide Az – Full Az acquisition indicate Fast & Slow velocity & HTI
for fracture mapping/horizontal stress

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5

 Sources of Anisotropic Rock Media Properties
Formation Anisotropy Classification

Stress-Induced Intrinsic Intrinsic

V (r, )

Shale, Bedding - VTI Fractures - HTI

V (r, ) V ()

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6

 Anisotropy Observed at All Length Scales

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7

 Sonic Logs Seismic
VTI Anisotropy Viewed by Long-Offset

DTC
DTS Fast
DTS Slow

Buller et al (2010)
SPE 132990
© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8
HTI Anisotropy– Full Azimuth 3-D Seismic

Vs
V
V Vf
Vs

No Fractures Dominant Fractures Fractures but no

= Isotropic In One Direction Dominant Direction
= HTI Anomaly = Velocity Anomaly
Narrow Azimuth Full Azimuth
© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9
9
HTI, H , Microseismic Events in the Barnett

Rich & Ammerman (2010)

SPE 131779
© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10
Total Reservoir Characterization

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11

Reservoir Trending: Dipole Sonic Data and Cross Plot
Case Study: One formation, three wells
1.6 Well 3

1.
8

Well
1
Mu Rho

16000
2.0

Well
1400
0 2
1200 Fluid
0
Constant S
Impedance
(ft/s*g/cc
)

(ft/s*g/cc
)
Lambda Rho
© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12
 1.6
1.6
1.6 1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
8000
8000
8000
8000
(GPa*g/cc)
(GPa*g/cc)
(GPa*g/cc)

2.2
Mu-Rho
Mu-Rho
Mu-Rho

7000 kPa
7000 s/m
kPa
7000 s/m
kPa s/m
2.2
2.2
2.2
uK
uK
6000
6000
6000
6000
5000
5000
5000 kPa
kPa
kPa
5000 s/m
kPa s/m
s/m
s/m

Sh 1 upper K
Shale 1
Cretaceou
s
Lambda-Rho
Lambda-Rho
Lambda-Rho
Lambda-Rho (GPa*g/cc)
(GPa*g/cc)
(GPa*g/cc)
(GPa*g/cc) Shale 2

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13

Rock Physics Links Well Bore and Seismic

1.6 1.8
Mu Rho (GPa*kg/m3)

2.0

200000 kg/m2s 2.2

400000
150000

150000 200000 300000 kg/m2s

Gamma Ray
Lambda Rho (GPa*kg/m3)

Boyd et al (2010)
© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14
 Reservoir Lithology

Vp/Vs

1.8

1.6

M1 M1- 8 ms.
Boyd et al (2010)
© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15
Intelligent Wells: Place the Wellbore in the Optimal
Location & Orientation

Brittleness
© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16
Intelligent Wells: Stimulating the Right Rocks

Brittleness
© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17
Intelligent Wells: Developing and Optimizing Assets

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18

 Seismic 3D Seismic and Microseismic
Landmark Landmark and Pinnacle

Seismic
Landmark Shale Core

CONTINUAL VALIDATION OVER ASSET LIFE

ShaleXpert®
Halliburton
Well Planning
Halliburton

Microseismic QuickLook®
© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pinnacle 19 Halliburton
 Thank You. Questions?

© 2012 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 20