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Datacenter Airflow and

Cooling Best Practices

Ty Schmitt
Principal Thermal/Mechanical Architect
Data Center Solutions
Dell, Inc.
DELL CONFIDENTIAL 1
Airflow
Do you understand the
airflow dynamics of your
environment?
Do you understand how
effectively your
equipment utilizes air?

Air depletion point

Systems above
depletion point
require more airflow
and as a result
more power to cool

Source: Dell
2
The Elements – Major Power
Consuming Components

Memory: 3W - 20W
I/O: 5W - 25W Temp Spec: 85C-105C
Temp Spec: 50C-60C 185F-221F
122F-140F

Processors/Chipset: 40W - 200W


Temp Spec: 60C-70C, 140F-158F

Hard Drives: 7W- 25W


Fans: 2W – 75W Temp Spec: 50C-60C
Temp Spec: Design point 122F-140F

DELL CONFIDENTIAL Source: Vendor Data


3
Higher Delta T Reduces Power
4500 rpm

85F
70F

Power 300W
Distribution

3000 rpm

110F
70F

Power 245W
Distribution

Source: Dell 4
System Response to Hotter Inlet
R. Riegler Total Fan Power Draw of London System Fans vs. Ambient Temperature
7.6.06 Server Cooling Response to Rising Ambient Inlet
80
70
60
Power (W)

50
40
30
20
10
0
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
75F Inlet Temperature
Temperature Sensor (oC) 95F

Rack Airflow: Rack Airflow:


840 CFM 1785 CFM

Power to Cool: Power to Cool:


189W (DC) 1407W (DC)

Delta T: Both racks have Delta T:


40F same exhaust 20F
temperature

Source: Dell Thermal Labs


5
Hot/dry Return Air Increases
HVAC Capacity
CCD-2300-CWE
50 Ton Performance
CRAC Capacity Curve
350
“Extend” HVAC capacity using capabilities of more efficient IT
300
Sensible Capacity (Kw)

250

200
More efficient IT w/ containment
150
Typical
100

50
60 70 80 90 100 110
Return Temperature F

Source: Vendor Data 6


Example
Base Rack
(20) 1U Systems
8600W
660 CFM

Layout

2’ raised floor and open


ceiling return

Source: Dell 7
CRAC Capacity – 72F/50%
Total Room Cooling Capacity N+1
72F/50%
306 TONS/1.08Mw, 151,200 CFM
HVAC Air Return (F)
72
60 80 100 120

HVAC Air Return RH (%)


50
50 40 30 20 34 TONS
HVAC Water Supply Temp (F) 16.8K CFM
45
45 50 55 60

HVAC Water Supply Flow (GPM)


100
25 75 125 175 100 GPM
Chiller Capacity Delta T (F) 47F
10 57F
10 12 14 16

Source: Vendor Data 8


CRAC Capacity – 85F/26%
Total Room Cooling Capacity N+1
85F/26%
468 TONS/1.65Mw, 151,200 CFM
HVAC Air Return (F)
85
60 80 100 120

HVAC Air Return RH (%)


26
50 40 30 20 52 TONS
HVAC Water Supply Temp (F) 16.8K CFM
47
45 50 55 60

HVAC Water Supply Flow (GPM)


100
25 75 125 175 100 GPM
Chiller Capacity Delta T (F) 47F
10 57F
10 12 14 16

Source: Vendor Data 9


As-Is Model

Cooling capacity ranges greatly


throughout room due to mixture of
supply and return air

Return temperature to CRAC


units varies from 65F – 85F

Would like to see every unit at


90+% capacity and balanced
throughout the room

Source: Dell 10
As-Is Simulation Results
•Room airflow not contained or balanced Rack recirculation
•Cold spots and hot spots prevalent throughout room
throughout room
•Several racks limited to 20 systems or
less due to excessive inlet temperatures

Source: Dell 11
Add Drop Ceiling and
Containment High flow return ceiling 4’ Dropped Ceiling
tiles in exhaust isle
Removed one of the
HVAC units

HVAC return duct joined to


dropped ceiling
Exhaust Containment

Source: Dell 12
Result

Hot air contained

Source: Dell 13
Result

% cooling capacity being used at an


85F return is more balanced … now
we can raise the return set point and
add more equipment

Source: Dell 14
Increase Density

Increased rack density to (35) 1U systems per rack


15kW, 1155 CFM per rack, 444W/ft2
4725 servers
HVAC return temperature increased to 100F

Source: Dell 15
Results

Opportunity to go higher density with additional


HVAC
Water supply and Chiller delta T must be sized
accordingly

Source: Dell 16
Thank You

17

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