HIST 552
November 9, 2018
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Government funds and tax payer dollars that are used to support NASA have great
impacts on the rise of the economy, vital data collection, and national security. Without such
funds many of the advancements we know today would not currently exist. The National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is responsible for launching the satellites that
help us to be prepared for natural occurrences and to keep an eye on threats to our nation. Not
only have we expanded our knowledge of our own terrestrial life with NASA but we now have
eyes on far larger and further things that exist beyond our reach in the depths of our galaxy. The
hubble telescope, a product of NASA grants us the extraordinary power to see tremendously
further than ever before. The Trump administration encourages NASA to keep doing what they
are doing .1 Most agencies received a much more severely cut budget for this fiscal year to help
reduce government spending. But the minimal decrease in NASA’s budget signifies their
Over the years, since 1953 when it was established, NASA has made numerous
contributions to the welfare of the country and to the rise of the economy. In 2012 NASA had a
$18 billion dollar budget .2 A whopping 80% of this budget was spent on program activities,
including but not limited to the International Space Station (ISS), NASA’s exploration vehicles,
the Curiosity Rover, aeronautical advances, and even over one thousand research and technology
1. Robert Lightfoot “Trump seeks $19.1 billion for NASA in budget request” CBS
Interactive Inc. (Harwood, William, 2017)
2. The Tauri Group NASA Socio-Economic Impacts. (The Tauri Group, 2013)
3. Kathy Barnstorff and Bob Allen “NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland
Firefighter” (Barnstorff, Kathy, 2015)
4. Rebecca Carroll “A ‘Brain’ for Cars, Tested for Mars” (Carroll, Rebecca, 2018)
5. Kristyn Damadeo “NASA puts Mars-Forward Student Technology to the Test”
(Damadeo, Kristyn, 2018)
6. Joe Atkinson and Shelley Spears “Norwich university Crowned Champion of 2018 BIG
Idea Engineering Design Challenge” (Atkinson and Spears, 2018)
7. Mike Wall “Raging California Wildfires Spotted from Space” (Wall, Mike, 2018)
8. Gary Oleson, Bob Silsby, and Darin Skelly “NASA is essential for national security”
(Oleson, silsby, and Skelly, 2012)
2
investments. Of this 80%, 45% of which is invested into technology research, developing, and
manufacturing. There are five main programs under this umbrella of investment. The most well
known are the ISS, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the Space Launch System (SLS),
and the Space Technology Program (STP). An estimated eight billion dollars went to this group
of funding in 2012. This is important to know because NASA pays many smaller businesses to
handle much of the activities that go along with these endeavors. By pumping these funds into
the American economy NASA is feeding and fostoring new jobs and businesses.
The United States economy feels the positive effect of NASA all over. Thanks to NASA
there is an additional two billion dollars spent on U.S science and technology, five billion dollars
spent on U.S manufacturing, and three hundred million spent on key emerging technologies.
NASA’s investment in American industry not only pays for new sciences to be discovered, it
NASA grows American businesses. By investing money into smaller companies with
capabilities to complete necessary activities for NASA they are giving opportunities for smaller
science based companies to grow. Often times NASA will sell patents and copyright licenses as
well as software usage agreements that allow them to share their technology, data, and
innovations with countless emerging businesses. NASA goes to businesses, universities, and
1. Robert Lightfoot “Trump seeks $19.1 billion for NASA in budget request” CBS
Interactive Inc. (Harwood, William, 2017)
2. The Tauri Group NASA Socio-Economic Impacts. (The Tauri Group, 2013)
3. Kathy Barnstorff and Bob Allen “NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland
Firefighter” (Barnstorff, Kathy, 2015)
4. Rebecca Carroll “A ‘Brain’ for Cars, Tested for Mars” (Carroll, Rebecca, 2018)
5. Kristyn Damadeo “NASA puts Mars-Forward Student Technology to the Test”
(Damadeo, Kristyn, 2018)
6. Joe Atkinson and Shelley Spears “Norwich university Crowned Champion of 2018 BIG
Idea Engineering Design Challenge” (Atkinson and Spears, 2018)
7. Mike Wall “Raging California Wildfires Spotted from Space” (Wall, Mike, 2018)
8. Gary Oleson, Bob Silsby, and Darin Skelly “NASA is essential for national security”
(Oleson, silsby, and Skelly, 2012)
3
others for the majority of their needs. Only three billion of NASA’s eighteen billion dollar
budget is spent on NASA employees. The remaining fifteen billion dollars is spent on the
previously discussed businesses and universities .2 Not only does this play a role in boosting the
economy but it is also cost efficient in regards to how they spend their government funded
budget. This shows that they intend to maximize their potential as an agency with what they are
When the government chooses to fund NASA they are not only paying for the operation
of one isolated agency. They are giving opportunities to small companies, professionals, and
college students. Two Langley NASA researchers, Anthony Calomino and Mary Beth Wusk
heard of the loss of nineteen firefighters in Arizona and decided to reach out with thermal
material research that they believe could help save the lives of countless firefighters in the future
.3 These two researchers were working on materials meant for space entry that could survive
upwards of three thousand degrees fahrenheit [1,649 degrees celsius] .3 They reached out so
their technology could transfer into another purpose and be used to help save lives. With the
intentions to create the most capable fire shelters they partnered with the Forest Service’s
National Technology and Development Center in Missoula, Montana. This partnership became
known as CHIEFS [Convective Heating for Improvement for Emergency Fire Shelters]. The
1. Robert Lightfoot “Trump seeks $19.1 billion for NASA in budget request” CBS
Interactive Inc. ( Harwood, William, 2017)
2. The Tauri Group NASA Socio-Economic Impacts. (The Tauri Group, 2013)
3. Kathy Barnstorff and Bob Allen “NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland
Firefighter” (Barnstorff, Kathy, 2015)
4. Rebecca Carroll “A ‘Brain’ for Cars, Tested for Mars” (Carroll, Rebecca, 2018)
5. Kristyn Damadeo “NASA puts Mars-Forward Student Technology to the Test”
(Damadeo, Kristyn, 2018)
6. Joe Atkinson and Shelley Spears “Norwich university Crowned Champion of 2018 BIG
Idea Engineering Design Challenge” (Atkinson and Spears, 2018)
7. Mike Wall “Raging California Wildfires Spotted from Space” (Wall, Mike, 2018)
8. Gary Oleson, Bob Silsby, and Darin Skelly “NASA is essential for national security”
(Oleson, silsby, and Skelly, 2012)
4
example of what is known as technology transfers. The sharing of knowledge, research, and
design is helping to save the lives of professionals who are put in danger in the line of duty. This
project is still in the works but the NASA researchers and T&D hope to have fully functioning
portable fire shelters by 2018 after a series of functionality and field tests.
Technology Transfers are responsible for much of today’s innovation. A small Boston
startup company called Neurala was inspired by the type of artificial intelligence used by the
Curiosity Rover to explore Mars so they began looking into how they might find terrestrial uses
for that same brain-like technology. NASA took notice of Neurala’s vision and was intrigued by
the direction they were taking. NASA awarded them with Small Business Technology Transfer
Contracts [STTR] with NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia .4 NASA’s
operate, instead it was designed after the human brain, allowing systems to make intelligent
decisions on their own. The small Boston company was able to raise $750,000 and then another
$250,000 was granted by a NASA program for the commercialization of the STTR technology.
Neurala was able to create multiple applications used by consumers for drones and robots. By
parting with the internet this type of technology becomes self sufficient and prevents privacy and
1. Robert Lightfoot “Trump seeks $19.1 billion for NASA in budget request” CBS
Interactive Inc. ( Harwood, William, 2017)
2. The Tauri Group NASA Socio-Economic Impacts. (The Tauri Group, 2013)
3. Kathy Barnstorff and Bob Allen “NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland
Firefighter” (Barnstorff, Kathy, 2015)
4. Rebecca Carroll “A ‘Brain’ for Cars, Tested for Mars” (Carroll, Rebecca, 2018)
5. Kristyn Damadeo “NASA puts Mars-Forward Student Technology to the Test”
(Damadeo, Kristyn, 2018)
6. Joe Atkinson and Shelley Spears “Norwich university Crowned Champion of 2018 BIG
Idea Engineering Design Challenge” (Atkinson and Spears, 2018)
7. Mike Wall “Raging California Wildfires Spotted from Space” (Wall, Mike, 2018)
8. Gary Oleson, Bob Silsby, and Darin Skelly “NASA is essential for national security”
(Oleson, silsby, and Skelly, 2012)
5
security issues. Neurala is still in the process of developing even more devices and applications
science minded individuals. This is because NASA works so closely with Universities, educating
and sponsoring competitions that challenge and reward innovation and forward ideas of the
students. One of these design challenges for university students was to extract water from
simulated conditions of ice under the surface of mars .5 NASA not only wanted to see the
technology of the students but also to engage the younger generations in their inspirations to
send mankind to Mars. Other major companies tend to partner with NASA to judge these
competitions. Sometimes the leaders in these prestigious companies are so impressed by the
caliber of the university students that they offer internships to students from the winning teams .6
These opportunities would never have been possible without the government funds for
NASA. The agency’s reach extends so far that it touches the lives of every American citizen.
Every taxpayer dollar spent on NASA is important. NASA isn’t just about launching space
Not only does NASA affect the United States it also collaborated with foreign entities
and has its own foreign policies .2 NASA has over five hundred agreements with two thirds of
1. Robert Lightfoot “Trump seeks $19.1 billion for NASA in budget request” CBS
Interactive Inc. ( Harwood, William, 2017)
2. The Tauri Group NASA Socio-Economic Impacts. (The Tauri Group, 2013)
3. Kathy Barnstorff and Bob Allen “NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland
Firefighter” (Barnstorff, Kathy, 2015)
4. Rebecca Carroll “A ‘Brain’ for Cars, Tested for Mars” (Carroll, Rebecca, 2018)
5. Kristyn Damadeo “NASA puts Mars-Forward Student Technology to the Test”
(Damadeo, Kristyn, 2018)
6. Joe Atkinson and Shelley Spears “Norwich university Crowned Champion of 2018 BIG
Idea Engineering Design Challenge” (Atkinson and Spears, 2018)
7. Mike Wall “Raging California Wildfires Spotted from Space” (Wall, Mike, 2018)
8. Gary Oleson, Bob Silsby, and Darin Skelly “NASA is essential for national security”
(Oleson, silsby, and Skelly, 2012)
6
countries around the globe. On an individual basis NASA involves over 1.2 million citizen
scientists whom originate from an estimated eighty different nations. The government greatly
benefits from the international partnerships that NASA generates. It allows the government
As of today, there is a raging campfire in California that is putting the lives of thousands
of American citizens and their homes in danger. NASA and the U.S Geological Survey’s Landsat
8 spacecraft was able to get an incredible image of California’s deadly and destructive campfire
.7 Not only did it manage to capture an image of this fire, it also showed California’s Woolsey
and Hill fires. On nearly opposite ends of the state, California is burning from both ends so badly
that it can be seen from space. The technology we have in orbit around Earth impacts human life
so much. Along with GPS tracking systems satellites are responsible for accurate weather
forecasting. There's almost nothing we can't see from space now. Without the fire image the real
scale of the destruction would elude us. These fires are still burning and still growing while the
spacecraft keeps an eye on them for those reporting the dangers to the public..
The ways satellites and NASA technology collect data allows scientist and the average
citizen to to better manage information, geography, and their lives as a whole. Without the
weather forecasting capabilities of NASA technologies, the public would be unprepared for
1. Robert Lightfoot “Trump seeks $19.1 billion for NASA in budget request” CBS
Interactive Inc. ( Harwood, William, 2017)
2. The Tauri Group NASA Socio-Economic Impacts. (The Tauri Group, 2013)
3. Kathy Barnstorff and Bob Allen “NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland
Firefighter” (Barnstorff, Kathy, 2015)
4. Rebecca Carroll “A ‘Brain’ for Cars, Tested for Mars” (Carroll, Rebecca, 2018)
5. Kristyn Damadeo “NASA puts Mars-Forward Student Technology to the Test”
(Damadeo, Kristyn, 2018)
6. Joe Atkinson and Shelley Spears “Norwich university Crowned Champion of 2018 BIG
Idea Engineering Design Challenge” (Atkinson and Spears, 2018)
7. Mike Wall “Raging California Wildfires Spotted from Space” (Wall, Mike, 2018)
8. Gary Oleson, Bob Silsby, and Darin Skelly “NASA is essential for national security”
(Oleson, silsby, and Skelly, 2012)
7
natural disasters and storms. Floridians wouldn't know when to board up their windows or buy
extra candles for power outages. Without GPS and their smartphones no one these days would
know how to get much of anywhere or be able to find information. NASA is far too important an
agency to discount.
Space exploration is a massive part of the United States’ legacy. The United States was
the country that sent the first man to the moon in an era where very few countries participated in
what was known as the space race. However, today there is an estimated sixty nations that are
involved in space technology .8 There is increased strain to maintain a position of power in space
due to budget cuts across agencies including NASA, the Department of Defense, and other
intertwining agencies that have an impact on the United States position in space. With less funds
the spirit of taking risks is diminished to protect the budget. NASA is doing less of the ambitious
missions of the past while focusing on safer more affordable programs. With continued
reductions in budget NASA is losing its edge in the realm of space exploration. The government
cannot afford to lose their position in space. Less of the younger generations are as starstruck
with the idea of space shuttles and space travel than when those technologies were first released.
Of these younger generations even fewer are interested in pursuing a STEM degree, let alone a
career in tomorrow’s aerospace workforce. Motivating the future generations is one of NASA’s
1. Robert Lightfoot “Trump seeks $19.1 billion for NASA in budget request” CBS
Interactive Inc. ( Harwood, William, 2017)
2. The Tauri Group NASA Socio-Economic Impacts. (The Tauri Group, 2013)
3. Kathy Barnstorff and Bob Allen “NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland
Firefighter” (Barnstorff, Kathy, 2015)
4. Rebecca Carroll “A ‘Brain’ for Cars, Tested for Mars” (Carroll, Rebecca, 2018)
5. Kristyn Damadeo “NASA puts Mars-Forward Student Technology to the Test”
(Damadeo, Kristyn, 2018)
6. Joe Atkinson and Shelley Spears “Norwich university Crowned Champion of 2018 BIG
Idea Engineering Design Challenge” (Atkinson and Spears, 2018)
7. Mike Wall “Raging California Wildfires Spotted from Space” (Wall, Mike, 2018)
8. Gary Oleson, Bob Silsby, and Darin Skelly “NASA is essential for national security”
(Oleson, silsby, and Skelly, 2012)
8
biggest challenges if they want to continue to hold their global position as one of the leaders in
space technology. Strengthening the United States hold over space would serve to deter
NASA needs the government funds and so does the United States economy. The
scientists of tomorrow need the inspiration and the motivation. The world needs NASA’s
innovation and technology. The nation needs the jobs that NASA is fueling. The government
cannot afford to stop using taxpayer dollars to fund NASA, nor decrease the budget much
further. The agency is responsible for too many important aspects of daily life and innovation to
1. Robert Lightfoot “Trump seeks $19.1 billion for NASA in budget request” CBS
Interactive Inc. ( Harwood, William, 2017)
2. The Tauri Group NASA Socio-Economic Impacts. (The Tauri Group, 2013)
3. Kathy Barnstorff and Bob Allen “NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland
Firefighter” (Barnstorff, Kathy, 2015)
4. Rebecca Carroll “A ‘Brain’ for Cars, Tested for Mars” (Carroll, Rebecca, 2018)
5. Kristyn Damadeo “NASA puts Mars-Forward Student Technology to the Test”
(Damadeo, Kristyn, 2018)
6. Joe Atkinson and Shelley Spears “Norwich university Crowned Champion of 2018 BIG
Idea Engineering Design Challenge” (Atkinson and Spears, 2018)
7. Mike Wall “Raging California Wildfires Spotted from Space” (Wall, Mike, 2018)
8. Gary Oleson, Bob Silsby, and Darin Skelly “NASA is essential for national security”
(Oleson, silsby, and Skelly, 2012)
9
References
Gary Oleson, Bob Silsby, and Darin Skelly “NASA is essential for national security” (Oleson,
Joe Atkinson and Shelley Spears “Norwich university Crowned Champion of 2018 BIG Idea
Kathy Barnstorff and Bob Allen “NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland Firefighter”
Kristyn Damadeo “NASA puts Mars-Forward Student Technology to the Test” (Damadeo,
Kristyn, 2018)
1. Robert Lightfoot “Trump seeks $19.1 billion for NASA in budget request” CBS
Interactive Inc. ( Harwood, William, 2017)
2. The Tauri Group NASA Socio-Economic Impacts. (The Tauri Group, 2013)
3. Kathy Barnstorff and Bob Allen “NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland
Firefighter” (Barnstorff, Kathy, 2015)
4. Rebecca Carroll “A ‘Brain’ for Cars, Tested for Mars” (Carroll, Rebecca, 2018)
5. Kristyn Damadeo “NASA puts Mars-Forward Student Technology to the Test”
(Damadeo, Kristyn, 2018)
6. Joe Atkinson and Shelley Spears “Norwich university Crowned Champion of 2018 BIG
Idea Engineering Design Challenge” (Atkinson and Spears, 2018)
7. Mike Wall “Raging California Wildfires Spotted from Space” (Wall, Mike, 2018)
8. Gary Oleson, Bob Silsby, and Darin Skelly “NASA is essential for national security”
(Oleson, silsby, and Skelly, 2012)
10
Mike Wall “Raging California Wildfires Spotted from Space” (Wall, Mike, 2018)
Rebecca Carroll “A ‘Brain’ for Cars, Tested for Mars” (Carroll, Rebecca, 2018)
Robert Lightfoot “Trump seeks $19.1 billion for NASA in budget request” CBS Interactive Inc.
The Tauri Group NASA Socio-Economic Impacts. (The Tauri Group, 2013)
1. Robert Lightfoot “Trump seeks $19.1 billion for NASA in budget request” CBS
Interactive Inc. ( Harwood, William, 2017)
2. The Tauri Group NASA Socio-Economic Impacts. (The Tauri Group, 2013)
3. Kathy Barnstorff and Bob Allen “NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland
Firefighter” (Barnstorff, Kathy, 2015)
4. Rebecca Carroll “A ‘Brain’ for Cars, Tested for Mars” (Carroll, Rebecca, 2018)
5. Kristyn Damadeo “NASA puts Mars-Forward Student Technology to the Test”
(Damadeo, Kristyn, 2018)
6. Joe Atkinson and Shelley Spears “Norwich university Crowned Champion of 2018 BIG
Idea Engineering Design Challenge” (Atkinson and Spears, 2018)
7. Mike Wall “Raging California Wildfires Spotted from Space” (Wall, Mike, 2018)
8. Gary Oleson, Bob Silsby, and Darin Skelly “NASA is essential for national security”
(Oleson, silsby, and Skelly, 2012)