Paper 1 Set 2 PDF

Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
BIOLOGY 0610/21
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2016
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
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There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.
Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.
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The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
This document consists of 16 printed pages.
IB16 11_0610_21/5RP
© UCLES 2016 1
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1 The diagram shows a plant that has been placed near a sunlit window for a few weeks.
Which two characteristics of living organisms have affected the shape of the plant?
A excretion and sensitivity

B growth and reproduction
C reproduction and excretion
D sensitivity and growth
2 What is a characteristic of amphibians but not of reptiles?
A four limbs
B laying eggs in water
C scaly skin
D using lungs for breathing
3 The diagram shows an insect.
Use the key to identify the insect.
1 wings present ........................................... go to 2

wings absent ............................................ A
2 two pairs of wings ..................................... go to 3
one pair of wings ...................................... B
3 wings with circular markings ..................... C
wings without circular markings ................ D
2
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4 The diagram shows a spongy mesophyll cell from a green leaf.
1
2
3
Which labelled structures are not found in animal cells?
A 1, 3 and 4 B 1, 4 and 5 C 2, 3 and 4 D 3, 4 and 5
5 What are the features of the cell walls in a xylem vessel?
end wall side wall
A absent thick
B absent thin
C present thick
D present thin
6 The diagram shows a plant cell which has lost water to its surroundings by osmosis.
Which part is the partially permeable membrane?
3
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7 Commercial fishermen use ice to store the fish that they catch.
How does the ice keep the fish fresh?
A Cells denature.
B Decomposer activity decreases.
C Decomposer activity increases.
D Proteins denature.
8 What controls the speed of chemical reactions in all living cells?
A enzymes
B hormones
C ions
D vitamins
9 The diagram shows how the rate of photosynthesis varies with light intensity.
The four curves show different conditions of temperature and carbon dioxide concentration.
30 °C, 0.2% CO2
20 °C, 0.2% CO2

rate of
photosynthesis 30 °C, 0.1% CO2
P
20 °C, 0.1% CO2
light intensity
What limits the rate of photosynthesis at point P?
carbon dioxide
light intensity temperature
concentration
A
B
C
D
4
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10 The diagram shows part of a leaf in cross-section.
What shows the correct function of a numbered part?
part functions
A 1 photosynthesis
B 2 gaseous exchange
C 3 transport of water from the root
D 4 transport of sugars to the root
11 The roots of plants take up nitrates from the soil.
What are the nitrates used to make?
A fat
B glucose
C protein
D starch
12 Which diseases are caused by a lack of iron and a lack of vitamin D?
lack of iron lack of vitamin D
A anaemia soft bones

B kwashiorkor anaemia
C kwashiorkor soft bones
D soft bones anaemia
5
6
13 The diagram shows the human alimentary canal.
Which labelled part absorbs the most water?
D
A
14 The cholera bacterium produces toxins that cause chloride ions to be secreted into the small
intestine.
How does this affect the water potential of blood in the intestinal capillaries and the intestinal
contents?
water potential
blood in contents of
capillaries small intestine
A lowered lowered
B lowered raised
C raised lowered
D raised raised
6
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15 The diagram shows the stem of a plant. A strip of the outer tissue including the phloem has been
removed.
xylem
phloem
How is transport in the plant affected?
A Amino acids and sugar cannot pass to the roots.

B Dissolved salts cannot pass to the leaves.
C Water cannot pass to the leaves.
D Water cannot pass to the roots.
16 The diagrams show stages in the passage of water through a plant.
Which arrow shows water moving in the form of water vapour?
7
8
17 Which substance is moved by translocation in a flowering plant?
A amino acid
B cellulose
C fat
D starch
18 The diagram shows a garden pond with a fountain worked by a pump. The fountain brings
oxygen from the air to fish in the pond.
P
water pump
The system can be compared with part of the human circulatory system. The pump is compared
with the heart.
What are P and Q compared with?
P Q
A aorta pulmonary artery

B pulmonary artery vena cava
C pulmonary vein vena cava
D vena cava aorta
19 What happens when the left ventricle contracts?
atrioventricular semilunar
valves valves
A closed closed
B closed open
C open closed
D open open
8
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20 The diagram shows human blood cells, as seen under a microscope.
What is the function of cell X?
A to carry glucose
B to carry oxygen
C to defend against disease
D to make the blood clot
21 What is not a consequence of vaccination?
A Antigens trigger an immune response.

B Antibodies lock onto antigens.
C Memory cells are produced.
D Phagocytes produce antibodies.
22 Which sequence of changes takes place when we breathe in?
A diaphragm contracts → volume of thorax increases → pressure in lungs decreases
B diaphragm contracts → volume of thorax increases → pressure in lungs increases
C diaphragm relaxes → volume of thorax increases → pressure in lungs decreases
D diaphragm relaxes → volume of thorax increases → pressure in lungs increases
9
10
23 After a race, athletes experience oxygen debt.
The diagram shows how the oxygen debt is removed.
lactic acid forms

in the muscles
lactic acid moves in

X the blood to the liver
deep breathing continues,

supplying extra oxygen
What happens at X?
A aerobic respiration of glucose

B aerobic respiration of lactic acid
C anaerobic respiration of glucose
D anaerobic respiration of lactic acid
24 What happens as a result of deamination in the liver?
A Alcohol is broken down.

B Glycogen is stored.
C Glucose is produced.
D Urea is produced.
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25 The diagram shows a section through a human eye.
Good colour vision is a result of a high concentration of which type of cells at which position?
A cones at P
B cones at Q
C rods at P
D rods at Q
26 When the blood glucose concentration is low, which hormone is released and which organ
releases it?
hormone organ
A glucagon liver
B glucagon pancreas
C insulin liver
D insulin pancreas
11
12
27 The diagram shows seedlings in two experiments on the tropic response of seedlings to gravity
and light.
shoot shoot
to show
Experiment 1 the effect
of gravity
start of experiment 3 days later

in the dark
light from
shoot one side
to show shoot
of light
How have the seedlings responded?
to gravity to light
A key
B = tropic response shown
C = no tropic response shown
D
28 When does fertilisation occur in humans?
A when an egg is released

B when implantation occurs
C when sperm and egg nuclei fuse
D when sperm are released
12
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29 What is the function of the many mitochondria in a sperm cell?
A to help penetrate the egg cell

B to provide energy for movement
C to store food molecules
D to synthesise enzymes
30 The graph shows changes in the concentrations of four hormones during the menstrual cycle.
Which hormone is progesterone?
C
D
B
concentration
in blood A
0 7 14 21 28
time / days
31 One parent has blood group A and the other parent has blood group B.
Their first child has blood group O.
What are the possible blood groups of their next child?
group A group B group AB group O
A
B
C
D
13
14
32 HbA is the allele for normal haemoglobin and HbS is the allele for abnormal haemoglobin that
causes sickle-shaped red blood cells.
Which row correctly matches a genotype to its phenotype?
person has person has

genotype sickle-cell resistance to
anaemia malaria
A HbA HbA
B HbS HbA
C HbS HbA
D HbS HbS
33 How do the leaves of hydrophytes differ from those of xerophytes?
A smaller stomata
B smaller total surface area
C stomata on the undersides of the leaves
D thinner cuticle
34 The diagram shows a food chain.
120 J egested 22 J egested

in faeces in faeces
240 J eaten caterpillar

by caterpillar
plant
bird
70 J lost in
respiration
20 J lost in
respiration
How much energy is transferred to the bird?
A 8J B 42 J C 50 J D 240 J
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35 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.
nitrogen in
atmosphere
nitrates in soil protein

in plants
ammonium protein
salts in soil in animals
What could be responsible for process X?
A decomposers
B denitrifying bacteria
C lightning
D nitrifying bacteria
36 Which statement describes the effect of predation and disease on a population?
A They cause an exponential (log) increase in the population size.

B They control the rate of growth of the population.
C They decrease the food supply available to the population.
D They reduce the lag phase of the population.
37 Which structures, found in bacteria, make them useful in genetic engineering?
A cell walls
B membranes
C plasmids
D mitochondria
38 Why is yeast used in bread-making?
A Aerobic respiration produces alcohol.

B Aerobic respiration produces lactic acid.
C Anaerobic respiration produces alcohol.
D Anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide.
15
16
39 An advantage of some genetically modified crop plants is that they will not
A be affected by herbicides.
B need carbon dioxide.
C need magnesium ions.
D need water.
40 What is not a reason for having conservation programmes?
A introducing species to new environments

B maintaining resources
C protecting vulnerable environments
D reducing extinction
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16
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2016 0610/21/O/N/16

BIOLOGY 0610/22
45 minutes
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1 Which characteristic of living organisms is responsible for the production of oxygen in the leaf of a
plant exposed to sunlight?
A excretion
B movement
C nutrition
D respiration
2 The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens.
What does Homo refer to?
A arthropod
B genus
C kingdom
D species

wings absent ............................................ A
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4 Which diagram represents a typical plant cell?
A B C D
5 A student draws a diagram of a mitochondrion.
The diagram has a magnification of ×20 000.
The diagram is 5 cm long.
What is the actual size of the mitochondrion?
A 0.00025 µm B 0.0025 µm C 0.025 µm D 2.5 µm
7 What would lead to a decrease in diffusion rate into a cell?
A greater concentration gradient

B higher temperature
C larger surface area of cell
D thicker cell wall
19
4
8 The graph shows the effect of temperature on an enzyme-controlled reaction.
rate of
reaction
0 20 40 60
temperature / °C
Which statement describes the effect of temperature on this reaction?
A As the temperature increases to 25 °C the reaction speeds up.
B Between 10 °C and 20 °C the enzyme stops working.
C Between 35 °C and 45 °C the enzyme stops working.
D The optimum temperature for this reaction is 40 °C.
9 Curve X on the graph shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
rate of X
photosynthesis Y
light intensity
How have the conditions changed to produce curve Y?
A decreased concentration of carbon dioxide

B decreased light intensity
C increased concentration of carbon dioxide
D increased light intensity
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10 An experiment is set up to investigate gas exchange in aquatic plants.
hydrogencarbonate
black paper indicator solution
aquatic plant
The hydrogencarbonate indicator solution is orange at the start.
Which colour is it after three hours?
A blue-black
B orange
C purple
D yellow
A fat
B glucose
C protein
D starch
12 What is the main cause of kwashiorkor?
insufficient insufficient
energy protein
A
B
C
D
21
6
13 What functions are carried out by the small intestine?
absorption of absorption of
ingestion
digested food water
A
B
C
D
14 The graph shows the effect of pH on the activity of a human digestive enzyme.
rate of
reaction
0 1 2 3 4
pH
What is the enzyme?
A amylase
B maltase
C pepsin
D trypsin
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removed.
xylem
phloem

16 A plant shoot is placed in a solution of a dye.
The dye moves up the stem.
Under which conditions will the dye move slowest?
temperature humidity
A high high
B high low
C low high
D low low
A amino acid
B cellulose
C fat
D starch
23
8
18 The diagram shows a section through the heart.
Which is an atrioventricular valve in the right side of the heart?
A B
D C
19 What is a correct function of the lymphatic system?
A protects body from heat loss

B protects body from infection
C transports blood to lymph nodes
D transports urea to the kidneys
A to carry glucose
B to carry oxygen
24
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21 Which change occurs during blood clotting?
A fibrinogen to fibrin
B glucose to glycogen
C haemoglobin to oxyhaemoglobin
D maltose to glucose
22 How does passive immunity differ from active immunity? In passive immunity
A antibodies are produced by lymphocytes.

B immunity depends on vaccination.
C immunity is specific to one type of antigen.
D no memory cells are produced.
lactic acid forms

in the muscles


What happens at X?

24 What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
A C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
B C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3
C C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
D 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
25
10
25 In a kidney tubule, which substances are filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus?
A glucose, protein, salts and water

B glucose, protein, urea and water
C glucose, salts, urea and water
D protein, salts, urea and water
releases it?
hormone organ
A glucagon liver
B glucagon pancreas
C insulin liver
D insulin pancreas
26
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and light.
shoot shoot
to show
of gravity

in the dark
light from
shoot one side
to show shoot
of light
to gravity to light
A key
D

27
12
29 What describes the nuclei in human reproduction?
egg sperm zygote
A diploid diploid diploid

B diploid diploid haploid
C haploid haploid diploid
D haploid haploid haploid
30 Which feature allows the sperm to dissolve the jelly coating of the egg cell?
A acrosome
B flagellum
C mitochondria
D nucleus
31 The graph shows a hormone that is involved in controlling the human female menstrual cycle.
concentration
of hormone
0 14 28
time / days
Which hormone is shown by the curve?
A FSH
B LH
C oestrogen
D progesterone
32 Which combination of chromosomes from egg and sperm cells will produce a boy?
egg sperm
A X X
B X Y
C Y X
D Y Y
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33 What happens in meiosis?
genetically identical chromosome number

cells produced is halved
A
B
C
D
34 What is the inheritance of colour blindness an example of?
A co-dominance
B continuous variation
C reduction division
D sex linkage
35 The phenotype of an organism is its
A combination of alleles.
B family pedigree.
C genetic make-up.
D observable features.
36 Which is an adaptive feature of hydrophytes?
A large network of roots

B leaves covered with spines
C stomata on the upper surface of the leaves
D water storage in stem
A cell walls
B membranes
C plasmids
D mitochondria
29
14

D need water.
40 When raw sewage is discharged into a stream, what is a result of eutrophication?
A decreased oxygen concentration caused by decreased bacterial activity

B decreased oxygen concentration caused by increased bacterial activity
C increased oxygen concentration caused by decreased bacterial activity
D increased oxygen concentration caused by increased bacterial activity
30
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BIOLOGY 0610/23
45 minutes
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IB16 11_0610_23/4RP
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1 Breathing out combines which two characteristics of living organisms?
A excretion and movement

B excretion and respiration
C movement and sensitivity
D sensitivity and respiration
2 Scientists discover a new species of animal.
It has a segmented body with two pairs of legs on each segment.
To which group of animals does this new species belong?
A arachnids
B crustaceans
C insects
D myriapods

wings absent ............................................ A
4 Which feature shows that a cell is a plant cell?
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C cytoplasm
D nucleus
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5 The diagram shows an image of a chloroplast. The image is 5 cm long.
The actual length of the chloroplast is 5 µm.
What is the magnification of the image?
A ×10 B ×1000 C ×10 000 D ×100 000
7 What describes active transport?
particles move against

energy required
concentration gradient
A
B
C
D
33
4
8 The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme varies with temperature.
rate of
enzyme
activity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
temperature / °C
What is the best or optimum temperature for this enzyme and at what temperature is the enzyme
not working?
temperature / °C
best not working
A 30 0
B 30 60
C 50 0
D 50 60
9 How does a plant use the sugar that it makes?
used for used for used to make

stored as starch
photosynthesis respiration cellulose
A
B
C
D
34
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10 The diagram shows a leaf as seen in cross-section under the microscope.
What are tissues 1, 2 and 3?
1 2 3
A epidermis palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll

B epidermis spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll
C palisade mesophyll epidermis spongy mesophyll
D spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll epidermis
A fat
B glucose
C protein
D starch
35
6
12 Which disease do children suffer from if they do not get enough iron from their diet?
A anaemia
B kwashiorkor
C marasmus
D rickets
13 What is the correct order of the processes that take place in the alimentary canal?
A absorption, digestion, ingestion, egestion

B digestion, ingestion, egestion, absorption
C egestion, digestion, absorption, ingestion
D ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion
14 The diagram shows part of the human alimentary canal.
Which organ produces hydrochloric acid?
36
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removed.
xylem
phloem

16 Which changes in atmospheric conditions can cause a plant to wilt?
humidity temperature
A decrease decrease
B decrease increase
C increase decrease
D increase increase
A amino acid
B cellulose
C fat
D starch
18 What is a double circulation?
A Blood circulates through arteries and veins.

B Blood circulates through two hearts.
C Blood flows through the heart twice for each circulation.
D Blood flows twice around the body before going to the lungs.
37
8
19 The graph shows the thickness of the muscular wall in each of the four chambers of the heart.
Which chamber is the right ventricle?
thickness of
muscular wall
A B C D
heart chamber
A to carry glucose
B to carry oxygen
21 What are disease-causing organisms?
A antibodies
B pathogens
C phagocytes
D vaccines
38
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22 Which row describes active immunity?
depends on memory cells are

phagocytes produced
A
B
C
D
lactic acid forms

in the muscles


What happens at X?

24 What is the equation for aerobic respiration in plants?
A C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

B C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3
C 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
D C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
39
10
25 The diagram shows a vertical section through the front part of an eye when viewing a near object.
What describes structures R and S?
R under tension S contracted
A
B
C
D
releases it?
hormone organ
A glucagon liver
B glucagon pancreas
C insulin liver
D insulin pancreas
40
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and light.
shoot shoot
to show
of gravity

in the dark
light from
shoot one side
to show shoot
of light
to gravity to light
A key
D

41
12
29 The diagram shows the structure of a sperm cell.
Which part is the flagellum?
B C D
A
30 The graph shows a hormone that is involved in controlling the menstrual cycle.
hormone
concentration
0 14 28
time / days
What is the hormone?
A FSH
B LH
C oestrogen
D progesterone
31 What happens in mitosis?
genetically identical chromosome

cells produced number is halved
A
B
C
D
42
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32 Ernst and Amy have four children of different blood groups, as shown.
Ernst Amy
Jan Jack Cara Kris

group A group AB group O group B
What are the genotypes of Ernst and Amy?
A IAIA and IBIo

B IAIB and IoIo
C IAIo and IBIB
D IAIo and IBIo
33 What is an adaptive feature of xerophytes?
A do not have root hair cells

B leaves have large surface area
C stomata are in pits
D thin cuticles
34 What are possible positions in a food chain of a carnivore and a herbivore?
carnivore herbivore
A primary consumer producer

B secondary consumer primary consumer
C secondary consumer tertiary consumer
D tertiary consumer secondary consumer
43
14
nitrogen
in air
S
nitrogen nitrogen
compounds compounds
in soil in plants
nitrogen
compounds
in animals
What is process S?
A denitrification
B nitrification
C nitrogen fixation
D nutrition
36 The graph shows the growth of a yeast population.
biomass
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
time / days
When was the rate at which cells were dying equal to the rate at which new cells were being
formed?
A day 3 B day 5 C day 9 D day 11
44
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A cell walls
B membranes
C plasmids
D mitochondria

D need water.
40 Fertiliser leaks into a river resulting in eutrophication.
What is the correct order of events leading to the death of animals in the river?
increased aerobic reduction in increased increased

A respiration by dissolved growth decomposition
decomposers oxygen of plants of dead plants
increased increased reduction in increased aerobic

B decomposition growth dissolved respiration by
of dead plants of plants oxygen decomposers
increased increased increased aerobic reduction in

C growth decomposition respiration by dissolved
of plants of dead plants decomposers oxygen
reduction in increased increased aerobic increased

D dissolved growth respiration by decomposition
oxygen of plants decomposers of dead plants
45
© UCLES 2016 0610/23/O/N/16
BIOLOGY 0610/11
Paper 1 Multiple Choice (Core) October/November 2016
45 minutes
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IB16 11_0610_11/3RP
© UCLES 2016 46
[Turn over
2
1 The diagram shows a plant that has been placed near a sunlit window for a few weeks.
Which two characteristics of living organisms have affected the shape of the plant?
A excretion and sensitivity

B growth and reproduction
C reproduction and excretion
D sensitivity and growth
2 What is a characteristic of amphibians but not of reptiles?
A four limbs
B laying eggs in water
C scaly skin
D using lungs for breathing

wings absent ............................................ A
47
© UCLES 2016 0610/11/O/N/16
3
4 The diagram shows a spongy mesophyll cell from a green leaf.
1
2
3
Which labelled structures are not found in animal cells?
A 1, 3 and 4 B 1, 4 and 5 C 2, 3 and 4 D 3, 4 and 5
5 What are the features of the cell walls in a xylem vessel?
end wall side wall
A absent thick
B absent thin
C present thick
D present thin
48
4
7 Which identifies the chemical elements found in proteins?
carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen
A key
B = present
C = absent
D
8 What controls the speed of chemical reactions in all living cells?
A enzymes
B hormones
C ions
D vitamins
9 Where are carbohydrates made in a green leaf?
A cell vacuoles
B chloroplasts
C phloem
D xylem
10 How does carbon dioxide pass through the stomata of a leaf?
A active transport
B diffusion
C osmosis
D transpiration
A fat
B glucose
C protein
D starch
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12 A child decided to eat only meat, oily fish, cheese and bread, and drink only water.
Which nutrient would be in low levels in this diet?
A calcium
B iron
C vitamin C
D vitamin D
Which labelled part absorbs the most water?
D
A
14 Which substances are produced by the action of amylase on starch?
A amino acids
B fatty acids and glycerol
C salts
D simple sugars
50
6
removed.
xylem
phloem

16 The diagrams show stages in the passage of water through a plant.
Which arrow shows water moving in the form of water vapour?
51
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17 Which graph shows the effect of increasing humidity on the rate of transpiration?
A B
rate of rate of
transpiration transpiration
humidity humidity
C D
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
52
8
18 The diagram shows a garden pond with a fountain worked by a pump. The fountain brings
oxygen from the air to fish in the pond.
P
water pump
The system can be compared with part of the human circulatory system. The pump is compared
with the heart.
What are P and Q compared with?
P Q
A aorta pulmonary artery

B pulmonary artery vena cava
C pulmonary vein vena cava
D vena cava aorta
19 The diagram shows sections through three types of blood vessel, not drawn to the same scale.
V W X
Which section is from a vein and which is from a capillary?
vein capillary
A V W
B W V
C W X
D X W
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A to carry glucose
B to carry oxygen
21 What is the approximate composition of the air breathed out by a person?
oxygen carbon dioxide

% %
A 5 73
B 16 4
C 21 0.04
D 78 2
22 Which substances are produced by respiration in humans?
carbon alcohol
water lactic acid
dioxide (ethanol)
A
B
C
D
54
10
23 The apparatus shown is set up and left for one hour.
mixture of indicator solution

yeast, sugar
and water
A gas is released by the mixture. It caused the indicator solution to go cloudy.
What is the indicator solution?
A alcohol
B Benedict’s solution
C biuret solution
D limewater
24 A person is regularly connected to a machine that removes wastes, and excess salts and water,
from their blood.
Which organ’s function does the machine carry out?
A bladder
B kidney
C liver
D lung
55
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11
25 The diagram shows the human nervous system.
4
1
Which two structures form the central nervous system?
A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4
26 The flow diagram shows the pathway that causes pupil diameter to decrease in response to
bright light.
central reduced
bright receptor
X nervous neurone pupil
light cell
system diameter
What does X represent?
A iris
B motor neurone
C relay neurone
D sensory neurone
56
12
and light.
shoot shoot
to show
of gravity

in the dark
light from
shoot one side
to show shoot
of light
to gravity to light
A key
D

57
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13
29 The diagram shows part of the reproductive system of a human female.
In which labelled region would implantation of a zygote normally take place?
A B
30 The diagrams show four methods of birth control.
Which one is placed in the uterus?
A B C D
MON
TUE
WED
SUN THU
SAT FRI
FRI SAT
THU SUN
OR WED
AL
MMON
ON TUEC OWED NT THU FRI TUE
SAT SUN
TUE RA MON
CE
WED PT
IVE
SUNSUN THU
SAT FRI THU WED T ATUEBL MON
SAT FRI ET
SAT S
FRI
THU SUN
WH
THIS O R A L C O N T R A C E
EN WPEDT I V E T A B L E T S
PAC T U
MON KTUE IS E
MPTWED THU FRI E SAT MON SUN
Y ST
ART
A NE
WO
SUN NE
SAT FRI THU IMM TUE
WED MON
ED
IATE
LY
WHEN THIS PACK IS EMPTY START A NEW ONE IMMEDIATELY
31 What is the definition of an allele?
A a length of DNA that codes for a protein

B a thread-like structure, carrying genes
C a version of a gene
D the genetic make up of an organism
32 Which row describes the cells produced in meiosis, and a function of this type of nuclear division?
cells produced function
A genetically different asexual reproduction

B genetically different sexual reproduction
C genetically identical asexual reproduction
D genetically identical sexual reproduction
58
14
33 A brown mouse mates with a white mouse. There are 8 brown mice and 9 white mice in the
offspring.
The same two mice mate again. There are 9 brown mice and 7 white mice in the offspring.
What are the genotypes of the parents most likely to be?
A heterozygous × heterozygous
B homozygous dominant × heterozygous
C homozygous dominant × homozygous recessive
D homozygous recessive × heterozygous
34 What is the principal source of energy input into a food chain?
A primary consumer
B producer
C secondary consumer
D the Sun
35 The diagram shows a food web.
Which arrow does not show the direction of energy flow?
A
plants herbivores carnivores
D
C B
decomposers
59
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36 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle.
carbon organic compounds

dioxide in plants
organic compounds
in animals Z
deposits of coal,
petroleum and
natural gas
What is the process labelled Z?
A decomposition
B fossilisation
C photosynthesis
D respiration
60
16
37 The graph shows the population of mosquito larvae in a pond. On day 3, fish that eat mosquito
larvae are released into the pond.
fish released
800
700
600
population of 500
mosquito larvae 400
/ number per m3 300
200
100
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
time / days
What is the most likely reason for the decline in the population of larvae after day 3?
A disease
B lack of oxygen
C old age
D predation

39 Which agricultural activity does not result in pollution of nearby rivers?
A adding artificial fertilisers

B digging plant material into the soil
C spraying with herbicides
D spraying with insecticides
61
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40 The diagram shows the results of a survey on the types of animals found along a stretch of river
near to a factory.
direction of
water flow
mayfly nymph
stonefly nymph
factory emptying
pollutants into
the water
rat-tailed maggot blood worm

sludge worm leech
blood worm water louse
snail
shrimp
caddis fly larva
mayfly nymph
stonefly nymph
Which of the following animals lives in the most polluted water?
A blood worm
B caddis fly larva
C leech
D stonefly nymph
62
© UCLES 2016 0610/11/O/N/16
BIOLOGY 0610/12
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*3656500760*

IB16 11_0610_12/4RP
© UCLES 2016 63
[Turn over
2
1 Which characteristic of living organisms is responsible for the production of oxygen in the leaf of a
plant exposed to sunlight?
A excretion
B movement
C nutrition
D respiration
2 The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens.
What does Homo refer to?
A arthropod
B genus
C kingdom
D species

wings absent ............................................ A
64
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3
4 Which diagram represents a typical plant cell?
A B C D
5 What is not an organ?
A aorta
B liver
C neurone
D skin
A key
B = present
C = absent
D
65
4
8 The graph shows the effect of temperature on an enzyme-controlled reaction.
rate of
reaction
0 20 40 60
temperature / °C
Which statement describes the effect of temperature on this reaction?
A As the temperature increases to 25 °C the reaction speeds up.
B Between 10 °C and 20 °C the enzyme stops working.
C Between 35 °C and 45 °C the enzyme stops working.
D The optimum temperature for this reaction is 40 °C.
A cell vacuoles
B chloroplasts
C phloem
D xylem
66
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5
10 The diagram shows part of a leaf as seen in cross section under the microscope.
2
1
What are the names of regions 1, 2 and 3?
region
1 2 3
A palisade mesophyll vascular bundle spongy mesophyll

B spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll vascular bundle
C vascular bundle palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll
D vascular bundle spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll
A fat
B glucose
C protein
D starch
A calcium
B iron
C vitamin C
D vitamin D
67
6
13 What functions are carried out by the small intestine?
absorption of absorption of
ingestion
digested food water
A
B
C
D
14 The diagram shows part of the human alimentary canal and associated organs.
Where does amylase act on food?
A
C
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7
removed.
xylem
phloem

16 A plant shoot is placed in a solution of a dye.
The dye moves up the stem.
Under which conditions will the dye move slowest?
temperature humidity
A high high
B high low
C low high
D low low
17 Which process releases water vapour into the atmosphere from the leaves of trees?
A active transport
B osmosis
C respiration
D transpiration
69
8
18 Which blood vessel carries blood to the muscle of the heart?
A coronary artery
B pulmonary artery
C renal vein
D vena cava
19 Which chamber of the heart receives blood directly from the pulmonary vein?
A B
C
D
A to carry glucose
B to carry oxygen
70
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9
21 What is a chemical barrier to pathogens?
A nose hairs
B skin
C stomach acid
D white blood cells
22 The diagram shows the breathing system.
What are the labelled structures?
1 2 3
A bronchus diaphragm trachea

B diaphragm bronchus trachea
C trachea bronchus diaphragm
D trachea diaphragm bronchus
23 The equations represent chemical reactions that take place in living organisms.
Which reaction releases the greatest amount of energy?
A carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
B glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
C glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide
D glucose → lactic acid
71
10
24 Where is urea made and where is it removed?
made removed
A kidney bladder
B kidney kidney
C liver kidney
D liver rectum
25 In reflexes, which term describes light, heat and sound?
A effectors
B impulses
C receptors
D stimuli
26 What is a function of the cornea?
A carries impulses to the brain

B controls how much light enters the eye
C detects light
D refracts light
72
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11
and light.
shoot shoot
to show
of gravity

in the dark
light from
shoot one side
to show shoot
of light
to gravity to light
A key
D

29 Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from
A anther to ovary.
B anther to stigma.
C stigma to ovary.
D stigma to ovule.
73
12
A B C D
MON
TUE
WED
SUN THU
SAT FRI
FRI SAT
THU SUN
OR W ED
AL
MMON
ON C
TUE OWED THU FRI T
SATUE SUN
NT
TUE RA MON
CE
WED PT
IVE
SUNSUN THU
SAT FRI THU WED T ATUE BL MON
SAT FRI ET
SAT S
FRI
THU SUN
WH
THIS O R A L C O N T R A C E
EN WPEDT I V E T A B L E T S
PAC TUE
MON KTUE
IS E
MPTWED THU FRI SAT
MON SUN
Y ST
ART
A NE
WO
SUN NE
SAT FRI THU IMM TUE
WED MON
ED
IATE
LY
31 Which method of birth control can protect a person from sexually transmitted infections?
A chemical implant
B condom
C female sterilisation
D IUD
32 Which combination of chromosomes from egg and sperm cells will produce a boy?
egg sperm
A X X
B X Y
C Y X
D Y Y
33 What is not a function of meiosis?
A producing genetically different cells

B producing nuclei in ovules
C producing sperm cells
D repairing damaged tissues
74
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13
34 A farmer buys a bull with unusual curved horns. He wants to know if the bull is pure-breeding for
curved horns. He mates the bull with cows in his herd which are all pure-breeding for straight
horns.
Which proportion of calves shows that the bull is pure-breeding for curved horns?
A all with curved horns

B half with straight horns
C three-quarters with curved horns
D three-quarters with straight horns
35 The phenotype of an organism is its
A combination of alleles.
B family pedigree.
C genetic make-up.
D observable features.
36 An insect is usually pale in colour which helps to camouflage it on tree trunks.

Occasionally black individuals of this insect occur.
If the tree becomes dark in colour due to pollution, then the black individuals become more
common.
Which process causes this?
A biotechnology
B conservation
C natural selection
D selective breeding
75
14
37 The graph shows how the world population of humans is increasing.
world
population
size
1000 1250 1500 1750 2000

time / years
What has contributed to this increase?
A a high death rate in developing countries

B drought leading to famine
C improved medical care
D the widespread use of contraception

39 What is an example of genetic engineering?
A inserting genes into bacteria

B inserting insulin into bacteria
C spraying plants with herbicides
D using pectinase to make fruit juice
76
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15
near to a factory.
direction of
water flow
mayfly nymph
stonefly nymph
factory emptying
pollutants into
the water
rat-tailed maggot blood worm

sludge worm leech
blood worm water louse
snail
shrimp
caddis fly larva
mayfly nymph
stonefly nymph
A blood worm
B caddis fly larva
C leech
D stonefly nymph
77
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16
BLANK PAGE
78
© UCLES 2016 0610/12/O/N/16

BIOLOGY 0610/13
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*5967824525*

IB16 11_0610_13/5RP
© UCLES 2016 79
[Turn over
2
1 Breathing out combines which two characteristics of living organisms?
A excretion and movement

B excretion and respiration
C movement and sensitivity
D sensitivity and respiration
2 Scientists discover a new species of animal.
It has a segmented body with two pairs of legs on each segment.
To which group of animals does this new species belong?
A arachnids
B crustaceans
C insects
D myriapods

wings absent ............................................ A
4 Which feature shows that a cell is a plant cell?
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C cytoplasm
D nucleus
80
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3
5 A student drew a large diagram of a leaf as shown.
drawing measured
160 mm
The drawing measured 160 mm.
The teacher noted that the diagram was twice the size of the leaf.
What was the actual size of the leaf?
A 2 mm B 16 mm C 80 mm D 180 mm
A key
B = present
C = absent
D
81
4
8 The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme varies with temperature.
rate of
enzyme
activity
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
temperature / °C
What is the best or optimum temperature for this enzyme and at what temperature is the enzyme
not working?
temperature / °C
best not working
A 30 0
B 30 60
C 50 0
D 50 60
A cell vacuoles
B chloroplasts
C phloem
D xylem
82
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5
10 The diagram shows a leaf as seen in cross section under the microscope.
What are tissues 1, 2 and 3?
1 2 3
A epidermis palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll

B epidermis spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll
C palisade mesophyll epidermis spongy mesophyll
D spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll epidermis
A fat
B glucose
C protein
D starch
A calcium
B iron
C vitamin C
D vitamin D
83
6
13 What is the correct order of the processes that take place in the alimentary canal?
A absorption, digestion, ingestion, egestion

B digestion, ingestion, egestion, absorption
C egestion, digestion, absorption, ingestion
D ingestion, digestion, absorption, egestion
Which organ produces hydrochloric acid?
removed.
xylem
phloem

84
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7
16 After passing through the root hair cells of a plant, what is the next tissue through which water
passes?
A cortex
B epidermis
C mesophyll
D xylem
17 The diagram shows part of a cross section through a leaf.
Which arrow shows the direction of movement of water by osmosis in a leaf?
D
leaf cells
A
B
air space xylem vessel
18 The graph shows the effect of several minutes of vigorous exercise on heart rate.
When does the person stop doing this exercise?
C
heart rate
A D
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
time / min
85
8
19 The aorta takes
A deoxygenated blood away from the heart.

B deoxygenated blood towards the heart.
C oxygenated blood away from the heart.
D oxygenated blood towards the heart.
A to carry glucose
B to carry oxygen
21 What are disease-causing organisms?
A antibodies
B pathogens
C phagocytes
D vaccines
86
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9
22 A student blows through a straw into limewater.
straw
limewater
What is the appearance of the limewater before and after blowing through the straw?
before after
A blue purple
B brown blue-black
C colourless white
D orange yellow
23 What is correct for aerobic respiration in muscles?
nutrient
oxygen used?
molecule
A glucose no
B glucose yes
C lactic acid no
D glycogen yes
24 To show that a green plant may absorb oxygen, in which condition must it be placed and why?
condition reason
A dark to prevent photosynthesis

B dark to prevent respiration
C light to allow photosynthesis
D light to allow respiration
87
10
25 After a meal containing large amounts of meat, urine is likely to contain
A a decreased concentration of amino acids.

B an increased amount of fat.
C an increased concentration of protein.
D an increased concentration of urea.
26 Which of these neurones is found in the peripheral nervous system?
motor sensory
A
B
C
D
88
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11
and light.
shoot shoot
to show
of gravity

in the dark
light from
shoot one side
to show shoot
of light
to gravity to light
A key
D

89
12
29 The diagram shows a flower cut in half.
Which structure receives pollen grains during pollination?
A B C D
MON
TUE
WED
SUN THU
SAT FRI
FRI SAT
THU SUN
OR WED
AL
MMON
ON TUEC OWED NT THU FRI TUE
SAT SUN
TUE RA MON
CE
WED PT
IVE
SUNSUN THU
SAT FRI THU WED T ATUEBL MON
SAT FRI ET
SAT S
FRI
THU SUN
WH
EN
THIS O R A L C O N T R A C W
E P
EDT I V E T A B L E T S
PAC T U
MON KTUE IS E
MPTWED THU FRI E SAT MON SUN
Y ST
ART
A NE
WO
SUN NE
SAT FRI THU IMM TUE
WED MON
ED
IATE
LY
31 What is defined as ‘a thread-like structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of
genes’?
A allele
B chromosome
C protein
D zygote
90
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13
32 What is a function of meiosis?
A asexual reproduction
B producing cells for growth
C producing genetically different cells
D repairing tissues
33 In mice, the allele for black hair is dominant to the allele for brown hair.
What proportion of offspring will have black hair if a cross is made between a homozygous black
mouse and a heterozygous black mouse?
A 0% B 25% C 50% D 100%
34 Which of these human characteristics shows continuous variation?
A free or attached earlobes

B sex
C tongue rolling
D weight
35 The diagram shows the flow of energy through an ecosystem.
sunlight producers X
decomposers
A carbon dioxide and water

B carnivores
C consumers
D oxygen
91
14
36 A herd of red deer live in a woodland, which contains snakes and a large variety of birds.
Which group of organisms is an example of a population?
A all the animals in the wood

B all the red deer in the wood
C all the organisms in the wood
D all the plants in the wood
37 What is not a reason that bacteria are widely used in biotechnology?
A They are complex organisms.

B They are made of single cells.
C They are small.
D They reproduce quickly.
38 The diagram shows how ethanol can be produced from a sugar solution containing yeast.
After five hours the mixture produced bubbles.
air lock
sugar solution
containing yeast
bubbles
What is the main gas in the bubbles?
A air
B carbon dioxide
C methane
D oxygen
92
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15
39 The diagram shows part of a food web.
seal
blue small large

whale crustaceans fish
plankton small fish penguin
Fishermen regularly catch and remove large fish.
What is most likely to happen to the populations of penguins, small fish and seals?
penguins small fish seal
A decrease increase increase

B increase decrease decrease
C increase increase increase
D no change decrease decrease
93
16
near to a factory.
direction of
water flow
mayfly nymph
stonefly nymph
factory emptying
pollutants into
the water
rat-tailed maggot bloodworm

sludge worm leech
bloodworm water louse
snail
shrimp
caddisfly larva
mayfly nymph
stonefly nymph
A bloodworm
B caddisfly larva
C leech
D stonefly nymph
94
© UCLES 2016 0610/13/O/N/16

BIOLOGY 0610/21
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) May/June 2016
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*0137173808*

IB16 06_0610_21/3RP
© UCLES 2016 95
[Turn over
2
1 Some yeast, sugar and water are mixed in a test-tube. The diagrams show the test-tube at the
start and after one hour.
bubbles
of gas
yeast, sugar
and water
at start after one hour
Which process causes this change?
A growth
B reproduction
C respiration
D sensitivity
2 Which name is given to a group of individuals that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring?
A a genus
B a kingdom
C a species
D an organ system
3 Use the key to identify the animal shown in the diagram.
has jointed legs
three pairs more than three

of legs pairs of legs
has tail no tail four pairs more than four

A B C D
Hexagenia Dytiscus Argyroneta Asellus
96
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3
4 Which organelles are present in large numbers in cells that produce insulin?
A nuclei and mitochondria

B ribosomes and mitochondria
C rough endoplasmic reticulum and cell walls
D vesicles and nuclei
5 The actual thickness of the leaf shown in the diagram is 2000 μm, but its thickness in the diagram
is 50 mm.
What is the magnification of the diagram?
A ×0.025 B ×25 C ×100 D ×100 000
6 The diagram shows an experiment on osmosis.
Which arrow shows the direction of the net movement of water at the start of the experiment?
A
glass tubing
key
water
sugar
solution
partially
permeable
membrane C partially
permeable
membrane
D B
97
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4
7 Active transport is the movement of
A molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration.
B particles from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using
energy from respiration.
C urine by relaxation of a sphincter muscle in the bladder.
D water through a partially permeable membrane from a more dilute to a more concentrated
solution.
8 When bases pair up in the formation of DNA, what is one of the pairings?
A G with A B G with C C G with G D G with T
9 Small molecules are used as the basic units in the synthesis of large food molecules.
Which statement is correct?
A Amino acids are basic units of carbohydrates.

B Fatty acids are basic units of glycogen.
C Glycerol is a basic unit of oils.
D Simple sugar is a basic unit of protein.
98
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5
10 Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the activity of an enzyme?
A B
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
temperature / °C temperature / °C
C D
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
11 The diagram represents enzyme action.
+ +
W X Y
What are parts W, X and Y in this chemical reaction?
enzyme product substrate
A W X Y
B X W Y
C X Y W
D Y W X
99
6
12 Two similar leaves are set up in test-tubes as shown. One is exposed to light, while the other is
kept in the dark.
green leaf
green leaf
black paper
orange
hydrogencarbonate
indicator solution
After a few hours, which colour would the hydrogencarbonate indicator solution be in each tube?
light dark
A colourless blue-black
B purple yellow
C red blue
D yellow purple
100
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7
13 The diagram shows a villus. The arrows show the direction of flow within vessels associated with
the villus.
Which vessel carries blood to the liver?
A
C D
B
14 What is not a result of cholera infection?
A intestinal blockage
B loss of salts from blood
C severe dehydration of body tissues
D severe diarrhoea
15 What is the function of bile?
A to acidify food entering the duodenum

B to emulsify starch
C to increase the surface area of fats for digestion
D to provide enzymes for fat digestion
101
8
16 Which graph shows most clearly what will happen to the rate of transpiration as humidity
increases?
A B
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
C D
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
17 The diagram shows a potted plant and the same plant 24 hours later.
24 hours
What causes the change in the appearance of the plant?
A Water loss is greater than water uptake.

B Water moves from the leaves to the stem.
C Water uptake is equal to water loss.
D Water uptake is greater than water loss.
102
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9
18 The diagram shows a section through the human heart.
Which is the right atrioventricular valve?
B C
A
D
19 What is the function of lymphocytes in the blood?
A antibody production
B blood clotting
C phagocytosis
D transport of hormones
20 Which part of a pathogen is recognised by the immune system?
A active site
B antibiotic
C antibody
D antigen
21 Compared with atmospheric air, air breathed out by a human contains
A less water vapour, less carbon dioxide.

B less water vapour, more carbon dioxide.
C more water vapour, less carbon dioxide.
D more water vapour, more carbon dioxide.
103
10
22 What describes the actions of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm when we breathe out?
external internal
diaphragm
intercostal muscles intercostal muscles
A contract relax falls

B contract relax rises
C relax contract falls
D relax contract rises
23 What is the word equation for aerobic respiration in plants?
B glucose + carbon dioxide → water + oxygen
C glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
D glucose + water → carbon dioxide + oxygen
24 An amino acid is deaminated. This is the removal of
A the carbon-containing part.

B the nitrogen-containing part.
C the oxygen-containing part.
D the sulfur-containing part.
104
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11
25 The diagram represents a simple reflex arc.
spinal cord
P
finger
Q muscle
pin
What is the sequence of nerve cells through which an impulse passes during a reflex action?
first last
A P Q R
B Q R P
C Q P R
D R P Q
26 The diagram shows the density of rods and cones across a horizontal section of the retina.
What is the position of the optic nerve?
cones
rods
density of
receptors
A B C D
distance across the retina
105
12
27 What are the effects of insulin and glucagon on the concentration of blood glucose?
effect of insulin effect of glucagon

on blood glucose on blood glucose
concentration concentration
A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases
28 Which organ is most often damaged by regularly drinking too much alcohol?
A heart
B liver
C pancreas
D stomach
29 What are advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction?
advantage of sexual reproduction advantage of asexual reproduction
A less population growth only one parent required

B more energy efficient gametes can be transferred by environment
C more genetic variation faster
D no transfer of gametes needed does not compete with the parent for nutrients
30 The diagrams show pollen grains from three different species of plant as they appear under the
microscope. The diagrams are all to the same scale.
1 2 3
Which pollen grains are involved in insect-pollination?
A 1 and 2 B 1 only C 2 and 3 D 3 only
106
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13
31 What happens to the chromosome number after meiosis and after mitosis?
meiosis mitosis
A halved halved
B halved stays the same
C stays the same halved
D stays the same stays the same
32 In the inheritance of ABO blood groups, when two parents have the genotypes IAIA and IAIo, what
is the blood group of their offspring?
A group A
B group AB
C group B
D group O
33 Which structures are present in a bacterial cell?
cell wall nucleus
A
B
C
D
34 The whole of an island’s population of short-haired bumblebees is descended from just two
parents. These were introduced from the mainland.
Which statement about the island’s short-haired bumblebee population, compared with that of the
mainland, is correct?
A The population is less in danger of collapsing from disease.

B The population is more able to adapt to environmental changes.
C The population shows more genetic variety.
D The population will adapt to environmental changes more slowly.
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14
35 The diagram shows a pyramid of biomass for a food chain in a woodland ecosystem.
fleas
birds
insects
trees
What is the pyramid of numbers for this food chain?
A B
C D
At which stage is denitrification occurring?
nitrogen in
the atmosphere
A
B
nitrogen
animals nitrates
in plants
D
nitrites
ammonium
C
compounds
108
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37 Penicillin is produced in a fermenter by growing the fungus Penicillium. The graph shows how the
mass of living Penicillium fungus and the concentration of penicillin changed over time.
mass of living
mass concentration
Penicillium
of penicillin
fungus
concentration
0 1 2 3 4 5
time / days
When is the best time to collect the penicillin?
A at 1.5 days
B at 3 days
C at 3.5 days
D at 5 days
38 A gene for insulin is taken from a human cell and placed in a bacterium.
The bacterium can then make human insulin.
What is this process called?
A artificial selection
B genetic engineering
C heterozygous inheritance
D natural selection
39 Which effect is least likely to occur as a result of deforestation?
A an increase in biodiversity
B an increase in soil erosion
C an increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
D an increased risk of flooding
109
16
40 The diagram shows the positions of four farms and the concentrations of nitrate at different points
in a river.
Which farm is likely to have been using too much fertiliser on its land?
farm C
direction
of flow
farm A
farm D
farm B
direction
of flow
60
40
nitrate
concentration
/ ppm
20
110
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BIOLOGY 0610/22
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*1725547096*

IB16 06_0610_22/2RP
© UCLES 2016 [Turn111
over
2
bubbles
of gas
yeast, sugar
and water
A growth
B reproduction
C respiration
D sensitivity
2 Which diagram shows a flower from a monocotyledon?
A B C D
3 In which part of the cell is oxygen used to release energy from nutrient molecules?
A mitochondrion
B ribosome
C rough endoplasmic reticulum
D vesicle
112
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3
is 50 mm.
A ×0.025 B ×25 C ×100 D ×100 000
5 The diagram shows two cells. The net movement of water is from cell X to cell Y.
water
cell X cell Y
What causes water to pass from cell X to cell Y?
A water potential is higher in cell X and active transport occurs

B water potential is higher in cell X and osmosis occurs
C water potential is lower in cell X and active transport occurs
D water potential is lower in cell X and osmosis occurs
113
4
6 For the stomata of a leaf to open, the guard cells accumulate more potassium ions than the
surrounding cells.
Which row describes what happens?
movement of
movement of final state of the
water in relation
potassium ions guard cells
to guard cells
A active transport in turgid

B active transport out flaccid
C diffusion in plasmolysed
D diffusion out no change
7 The structures of antibodies, DNA molecules and enzymes are specific to their actions.
Which feature of each molecule makes it specific?
antibody DNA enzyme
A active site binding site base order

B base order active site binding site
C base order binding site active site
D binding site base order active site

9 A food stain on a table cloth is where meat cooked in oil has been spilt.
It is washed in a biological washing powder.
Which combination of enzymes should be in the washing powder to remove the stain?
A amylase and lipase

B lipase and protease
C pectinase and amylase
D protease and pectinase
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A B
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
C D
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
11 When a tissue from a man is grafted onto a woman it may be rejected by the woman’s body.
What is the main cause of this rejection?
A antibody production
B phagocytosis
C the action of antibiotics
D the presence of a Y chromosome
115
6
24 hours

increases?
A B
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
C D
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
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7
14 Which process is an example of translocation?
A absorption of water by the roots and its movement through the xylem to the leaves
B loss of water from the leaves as it evaporates into the air
C movement of sucrose from the leaves through phloem to other parts of the plant
D the process by which plants use the food produced by photosynthesis to obtain energy
B C
A
D
16 What is the fluid in the blood called?
A lymph
B mucus
C plasma
D tissue fluid
117
8
17 The antibodies that give immunity to a disease can be acquired in the following different ways.
1 feeding on breast milk
2 infection by disease
3 vaccination
Which give active immunity?
A 1 and 2 only
B 1 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3
18 Which actions increase the volume of the thorax during breathing?
external internal muscles of

intercostal muscles intercostal muscles the diaphragm
A contract contract relax

B contract relax contract
C relax contract relax
D relax relax contract
19 What are the approximate percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmospheric air?
carbon dioxide
oxygen / %
/%
A 16 4.00
B 16 8.00
C 20 0.04
D 20 4.00
20 Which processes depend on the action of enzymes?
1 digestion
2 osmosis
3 respiration
A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 1 only D 2 and 3
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21 Lactic acid builds up in the muscles during vigorous exercise.
During recovery, how is this lactic acid removed?
A aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver

B anaerobic respiration of lactic acid in the muscles
C excretion of lactic acid by the kidneys
D removal of lactic acid by the alimentary canal
22 Which diet will cause the liver to produce the most urea?
A high carbohydrate, low fat

B high fat, high fibre
C high fat, low protein
D high protein, low carbohydrate
spinal cord
P
finger
Q muscle
pin
first last
A P Q R
B Q R P
C Q P R
D R P Q
119
10
24 What are the effects of adrenaline?
breathing rate pulse rate
A decreased decreased
B increased increased
C increased no effect
D no effect increased
cones
rods
density of
receptors
A B C D
26 Which statement about antibiotics is not correct?
A Antibiotics are used to treat diseases caused by viruses.

B Some antibiotics are produced by fungi.
C Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics.
D When taking antibiotics for an infection, the treatment should be completed.
27 In which conditions will seeds germinate most quickly?
A dry and cold

B dry and warm
C wet and cold
D wet and warm
120
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28 What are the characteristics of asexual reproduction?
fusion of genetic variety

gamete nuclei in the offspring
A
B
C
D
29 Where are oestrogen and progesterone produced during the menstrual cycle?
oestrogen progesterone
A hypothalamus ovary
B ovary ovary
C ovary placenta
D placenta pituitary gland
30 Which structure will be found in the nucleus of a body cell in a woman?
A X allele
B X chromosome
C Y allele
D Y chromosome
31 When a cell divides, these events occur.
1 The DNA inside the cell is duplicated exactly.
2 Daughter cells are produced with the same chromosome number as the parent cell.
Which type of division has occurred?
A meiosis producing genetically different cells

B meiosis producing genetically identical cells
C mitosis producing genetically different cells
D mitosis producing genetically identical cells
121
12
A group A
B group AB
C group B
D group O
33 The diagram shows a hydrophyte in a river.
floating leaves
surface of
water
submerged
direction of leaves
water flow
Which statement about the submerged leaves is correct?
A They cannot photosynthesise.

B They have a thick cuticle.
C They offer little resistance to water flow.
D They require many xylem vessels for support.
34 Some disease-causing bacteria survive treatment with an antibiotic.
Which statement about the surviving bacteria is correct?
A The antibiotic will work better on the next generation of bacteria.

B The bacteria have undergone a process of natural selection.
C The bacteria will now be resistant to all antibiotics.
D The resistance of the bacteria is a result of selective breeding.
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fleas
birds
insects
trees
A B
C D
36 In the food chain below, the population of snakes is halved owing to a viral disease.
grass → locusts → snakes → eagles
What effect does this have on the other members of the food chain?
grass locusts eagles
A decrease increase decrease

B decrease increase increase
C increase decrease decrease
D increase increase decrease
123
14
D natural selection
38 When human DNA is inserted into the plasmid DNA of bacteria, which enzyme is used to cut the
DNA?
A DNA ligase
B lipase
C protease
D restriction enzyme
124
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15
in a river.
farm C
direction
of flow
farm A
farm D
farm B
direction
of flow
60
40
nitrate
concentration
/ ppm
20
40 A large amount of herbicide is applied to a field. However, some of the herbicide is washed into a
nearby lake.
What is the effect of the herbicide on the weeds in the field and on the plants in the lake?
weeds in field plants in lake
A less growth less growth

B less growth more growth
C more growth less growth
D more growth more growth
125
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BIOLOGY 0610/23
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*7037547692*

IB16 06_0610_23/2RP
over
2
bubbles
of gas
yeast, sugar
and water
A growth
B reproduction
C respiration
D sensitivity
2 During the process of nutrition, all organisms need to absorb mineral ions and water from their
environment.
Which other substances do plants and animals need to absorb during this process?
plants animals
A carbon dioxide inorganic compounds

B carbon dioxide organic compounds
C oxygen inorganic compounds
D oxygen organic compounds
127
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3
3 The shaded area of the diagram represents structures found in both plant and animal cells.
plant animal
cell cell
structures structures
Which cell structure is from the shaded area?
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C chloroplast
D large vacuole
4 What is the correct order of increasing size of the following structures, from smallest to largest?
A chromosome → liver → white blood cell
B chromosome → white blood cell → liver
C liver → chromosome → white blood cell
D white blood cell → liver → chromosome
is 50 mm.
A ×0.025 B ×25 C ×100 D ×100 000
128
4
6 Which statement describes how young plants are supported?
A the pressure of water inside the cells pressing outwards on the cell membranes
B the pressure of water inside the cells pressing outwards on the cell walls
C the pressure of water passing from the roots through the phloem
D the pressure of water passing from the roots through the xylem
7 The diagram shows the order of bases along part of one strand of DNA.
A―C―T―T―A―G―A―T
What is the order of bases on the corresponding part of the other strand?
A A―C―T―T―A―G―A―T
B C―A―G―G―C―T―C―G
C T―A―G―A―T―T―C―A
D T―G―A―A―T―C―T―A

129
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5
9 The diagrams show a protease enzyme catalysing the breaking of part of a protein molecule into
smaller pieces.
Which diagram has three correct labels?
A B
product
active site
substrate product
enzyme enzyme
C D
active site active site

substrate
enzyme substrate
product
130
6
A B
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
C D
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
11 Which feature is a leaf adaptation for living in the desert?
A large size
B many stomata
C rolled along its length
D thin waxy cuticle
12 In which region of the alimentary canal is maltose digested?
A colon
B rectum
C small intestine
D stomach
131
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7
13 Which description of the cholera pathogen is correct?
A The bacterium prevents the kidney from absorbing water, so water is secreted into the small
intestine, causing diarrhoea.
B The bacterium produces a toxin that causes the secretion of chloride ions into the small
intestine, drawing in water by osmosis.
C The virus prevents the kidney from absorbing water, so water is secreted into the small
intestine, causing diarrhoea.
D The virus produces a toxin that causes the secretion of chloride ions into the small intestine,
drawing in water by osmosis.
14 The diagram shows a fat globule (P) in one part of the alimentary canal and the same globule (Q)
as it appears in another part of the alimentary canal.
P Q
In which parts of the alimentary canal are P and Q found?
P Q
A duodenum stomach
B ileum oesophagus
C oesophagus ileum
D rectum ileum
132
8
increases?
A B
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
C D
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
24 hours

133
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9
B C
A
D
18 What is a method of reducing the risk of coronary heart disease?
A angioplasty
B ‘by-pass’ surgery
C controlled exercise
D inserting a stent
19 Which row describes the features of passive immunity?
antibodies involves effective

made memory cells period
A no no short term
B no yes short term
C yes no long term
D yes yes long term
20 What is the path of carbon dioxide as it leaves the lungs?
A alveolus → bronchiole → bronchus → trachea
B alveolus → bronchus → bronchiole → trachea
C trachea → bronchiole → bronchus → alveolus
D trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus
134
10
21 When the external intercostal muscles contract, how do the pressure and the volume inside the
lungs change?
pressure volume
22 What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
A C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
B C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3
C C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
D 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
23 What is an example of excretion in mammals?
A the release of hormones from glands

B the release of saliva into the mouth
C the removal of undigested food through the anus
D the removal of urea by the kidneys
135
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11
spinal cord
P
finger
Q muscle
pin
first last
A P Q R
B Q R P
C Q P R
D R P Q
25 What effect does adrenaline have on blood glucose concentration and pulse rate?
blood glucose
pulse rate
concentration
136
12
cones
rods
density of
receptors
A B C D
27 A teacher said a way to remember the difference between two groups of cells is ‘many, minute
and motile’ or ‘few, fat and fixed’
What are the groups of cells?
A animal and plant cells

B male and female gametes
C red and white blood cells
D xylem and phloem cells
137
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13
28 The diagram shows a flower.
Which processes have taken place?
pollination fertilisation
A no no
B no yes
C yes no
D yes yes
29 The concentrations of LH and oestrogen are measured during part of a menstrual cycle.
On which day does ovulation occur?
concentration of concentration of
date LH / arbitrary oestrogen /
units arbitrary units
A March 25th 10 30
B March 28th 12 135
C March 31st 120 130
D April 3rd 20 25
30 Owners of successful race horses hope that the horses’ offspring will be like their parents.
How does a young race horse inherit its characteristics?
A equally from its mother and father

B mainly from its father
C mainly from its mother
D passed across the placenta
138
14
31 Which structures in plant cells build protein molecules under the control of the nucleus?
A cell walls
B chloroplasts
C mitochondria
D ribosomes
A group A
B group AB
C group B
D group O
33 Which characteristic shows discontinuous variation in humans?
A height
B length of foot
C tongue rolling
D weight
34 Sickle cell anaemia is determined by the gene Hb. HbA is the allele for normal blood. HbS is the
allele for sickle cell anaemia.
Which combination of parents could result in some children with resistance to malaria and some
with all normal red blood cells?
A HbA HbA HbA HbA

B HbA HbA HbA HbS
C HbA HbA HbS HbS
D HbS HbS HbS HbS
139
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15
fleas
birds
insects
trees
A B
C D
36 Which process is not part of the water cycle?
A condensation
B fossilisation
C precipitation
D transpiration
37 Which process is carried out by bacteria in the root nodules of leguminous plants?
A decomposition
B denitrification
C nitrification
D nitrogen fixation
140
16
D natural selection
39 When a river is polluted by fertiliser, the following processes may occur.
1 increased aerobic respiration of decomposers

2 increased growth of producers
3 decreased oxygen concentration in the water
What is the correct sequence for these processes?
A 1→2→3 B 1→3→2 C 2→1→3 D 2→3→1
141
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17
in a river.
farm C
direction
of flow
farm A
farm D
farm B
direction
of flow
60
40
nitrate
concentration
/ ppm
20
142
© UCLES 2016 0610/23/M/J/16
BIOLOGY 0610/11
Paper 1 Multiple Choice (Core) May/June 2016
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*9998858887*

IB16 06_0610_11/3RP
over
2
bubbles
of gas
yeast, sugar
and water
A growth
B reproduction
C respiration
D sensitivity
2 Which name is given to a group of individuals that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring?
A a genus
B a kingdom
C a species
D an organ system
3 Use the key to identify the animal shown in the diagram.
has jointed legs
three pairs more than three

has tail no tail four pairs more than four

A B C D
Hexagenia Dytiscus Argyroneta Asellus
144
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3
4 Which row matches the cell membrane and cell wall of a palisade cell to their functions?
cell membrane cell wall
A active transport active transport

B active transport support
C support active transport
D support support
5 In a plant, what is formed by a group of xylem vessels?
A a cell
B a tissue
C an organ
D an organ system
6 What are the functions of xylem vessels?
absorption conduction photosynthesis support
A
B
C
D
7 Active transport is the movement of
A molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration.
B particles from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using
energy from respiration.
C urine by relaxation of a sphincter muscle in the bladder.
D water through a partially permeable membrane from a more dilute to a more concentrated
solution.
145
4
8 The diagram shows an experiment to demonstrate the movement of molecules.
inverted thistle
red ink solution funnel
beaker of water
permeable membrane attached to funnel
After one hour, the water in the beaker turned red.
What is the most likely reason for this colour change?
A Molecules of red ink move through the membrane by diffusion.

B Molecules of red ink move through the membrane by osmosis.
C Molecules of water move through the membrane by diffusion.
D Molecules of water move through the membrane by osmosis.

146
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5
A B
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
C D
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
11 The diagram represents enzyme action.
+ +
W X Y
What are parts W, X and Y in this chemical reaction?
enzyme product substrate
A W X Y
B X W Y
C X Y W
D Y W X
147
6
12 In a photosynthesis experiment, a plant is left in bright sunlight for several hours. A leaf is then
removed from the plant and tested for starch, using iodine solution.
The diagram shows the leaf from the plant that was used in the experiment.
white area
green area
Which diagram shows the result of the experiment?
A B C D
key
iodine solution
turns blue / black
iodine solution
stays brown
13 Which substance, needed for protein synthesis, is carried into a leaf from the stem?
A carbon dioxide
B nitrate
C oxygen
D starch
14 Which type of food is not digested before being absorbed by the body?
A carbohydrate
B fat
C protein
D water
148
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7
In which structure is most glucose absorbed into the blood?
16 Which dietary component is unlikely to be deficient in a meat-free diet?
A fat
B fibre
C protein
D vitamin D
149
8
increases?
A B
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
C D
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
24 hours

150
© UCLES 2016 0610/11/M/J/16
9
19 Which substances are dissolved in human blood plasma?
A carbon dioxide, haemoglobin and glucose

B carbon dioxide, oxygen and haemoglobin
C glucose, hormones and urea
D oxygen, urea and starch
20 Which chamber of the heart has the thickest muscle wall?
A left atrium
B left ventricle
C right atrium
D right ventricle
21 What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in expired air?
A 0.04% B 4% C 16% D 21%
22 Compared with atmospheric air, air breathed out by a human contains
A less water vapour, less carbon dioxide.

B less water vapour, more carbon dioxide.
C more water vapour, less carbon dioxide.
D more water vapour, more carbon dioxide.
23 What is produced by anaerobic respiration in yeast?
lactic acid carbon dioxide
A
B
C
D
24 What is the word equation for aerobic respiration in plants?
B glucose + carbon dioxide → water + oxygen
C glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
D glucose + water → carbon dioxide + oxygen

151
10
25 Where is urea made?
A bladder
B kidney
C liver
D urethra
spinal cord
P
finger
Q muscle
pin
first last
A P Q R
B Q R P
C Q P R
D R P Q
152
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11
27 The diagram shows a neurone.
X Y
Which structures could be found at X and Y?
X Y
A brain intestine
B brain leg
C eye hand
D gland spinal cord
28 What will be the effect of strenuous exercise on the volume of water lost through the skin and the
kidneys?
volume of water volume of water

lost through lost through
the skin the kidneys
29 Which organ is most often damaged by regularly drinking too much alcohol?
A heart
B liver
C pancreas
D stomach
30 When a baby is born, these processes occur.
1 breaking of the amniotic sac
2 contraction of muscles in the uterus wall
3 cutting of the umbilical cord
In which order do these processes usually occur?
A 2→1→3 B 2→3→1 C 3→1→2 D 3→2→1

153
12
31 The diagrams show pollen grains from three different species of plant as they appear under the
microscope. The diagrams are all to the same scale.
1 2 3
Which pollen grains are involved in insect-pollination?
32 The diagram shows the human female reproductive system.
If a woman uses a femidom as a contraceptive, where would it be placed?
A
B
154
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13
33 Cells are formed by the division of existing cells. Four different cells are shown.
Which cell is produced by meiosis?
34 Albinism is an inherited condition in which pigment does not develop in the skin, hair and eyes.
The allele for albinism is recessive.
What are the chances of albino parents having an albino child?
A 0% B 25% C 75% D 100%
35 Which name is given to the observable features of an organism?
A alleles
B genes
C genotype
D phenotype
36 What is not a feature of natural selection?
A competition for resources

B production of many offspring
C selection by humans
D variation within the population
155
14
37 The graph shows a population growth curve.
population X
size
time
Which factors would cause region X on the graph to become steeper?
A decrease in predation, decrease in food supply

B increase in food supply, decrease in disease
C increase in food supply, increase in predation
D increase in predation, decrease in disease
38 The diagram shows a simple food chain.
green plant → herbivore → carnivore
If a disease causes the number of herbivores to decrease, what will be the effect on the numbers
of green plants and carnivores?
green plants carnivores
A decrease decrease
B decrease increase
C increase decrease
D increase increase
D natural selection
156
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15
in a river.
farm C
direction
of flow
farm A
farm D
farm B
direction
of flow
60
40
nitrate
concentration
/ ppm
20
157
© UCLES 2016 0610/11/M/J/16
BIOLOGY 0610/12
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*3322418281*

IB16 06_0610_12/3RP
over
2
bubbles
of gas
yeast, sugar
and water
A growth
B reproduction
C respiration
D sensitivity
2 A rat has the scientific name Rattus rattus.
What do the two parts of this name refer to?
A genus and species

B kingdom and genus
C kingdom and species
D variety and genus
159
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3
3 The diagram shows a bird that lives near rivers.
Use the key to identify the bird shown in the diagram.
1 toes joined by a flap of skin ........................... go to 2

toes separate ................................................. A heron
2 beak as long or longer than the head ............ go to 3
beak not as long as the head ........................ B little grebe
3 top of head black ........................................... C avocet
top of head white ........................................... D mute swan
A a cell
B a tissue
C an organ
D an organ system
5 The diagram shows a palisade mesophyll cell.
Which structure is not found in an animal cell?
160
4
6 Which statement is correct for phloem but not for xylem?
A It carries mineral ions.

B It carries starch.
C It carries sucrose.
D It is no longer living.
7 Why does oxygen diffuse into the blood from an alveolus in the lungs?
A The oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than the carbon dioxide concentration in
the blood.
B The oxygen concentration in the alveolus is greater than in the blood.
C The oxygen concentration in the blood is greater than in the alveolus.
D The oxygen concentration in the blood is greater than the carbon dioxide concentration in the
alveolus.
8 The diagram shows water and sugar molecules on either side of a partially permeable
membrane.
partially permeable membrane
key
sugar molecule
X Y
water molecule
What happens during osmosis?
A More sugar molecules pass through the membrane from X to Y than from Y to X.
B More sugar molecules pass through the membrane from Y to X than from X to Y.
C More water molecules pass through the membrane from X to Y than from Y to X.
D More water molecules pass through the membrane from Y to X than from X to Y.

161
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5
10 When a substance is added to meat, amino acids are produced.
What is this substance?
A a hormone
B an enzyme
C an oil
D water
A B
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
C D
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
12 Which two substances are the products of photosynthesis?
A carbon dioxide and glucose

B carbon dioxide and water
C oxygen and carbon dioxide
D oxygen and glucose
162
6
white area
green area
A B C D
key
iodine solution
turns blue / black
iodine solution
stays brown
A carbohydrate
B fat
C protein
D water
15 The bacterium Salmonella enterica can cause severe food poisoning and the lining of the
alimentary canal may be damaged. In these cases absorption of digested food products cannot
easily take place.
Which region of the alimentary canal is most affected?
A colon
B ileum
C oesophagus
D stomach
163
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7
16 The diagram shows some of the organs of the human body.
P
S
Q
In which organs does the digestion of proteins take place?
A P and Q B P and R C Q and R D Q and S
24 hours

164
8
increases?
A B
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
C D
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
19 The diagram shows the human heart and some of the blood vessels connected to it.
W Z
Before blood in W reaches Z it must
A gain glucose.
B give up heat to the skin.
C pass through capillaries.
D travel to the head.
165
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9

21 What are the approximate percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmospheric air?
carbon dioxide
oxygen / %
/%
A 16 4.00
B 16 8.00
C 20 0.04
D 20 4.00
22 Which route is taken by air passing from the lungs of a human to the atmosphere?
A alveolus → bronchus → trachea
B alveolus → trachea → bronchus
C bronchus → alveolus → trachea
D trachea → alveolus → bronchus
23 During aerobic respiration glucose is broken down.
What is released in this process?
carbon
energy water
dioxide
A
B
C
D
166
10
24 Which processes depend on the action of enzymes?
1 digestion
2 osmosis
3 respiration
A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 1 only D 2 and 3
25 Which diet will cause the liver to produce the most urea?
A high carbohydrate, low fat

B high fat, high fibre
C high fat, low protein
D high protein, low carbohydrate
spinal cord
P
finger
Q muscle
pin
first last
A P Q R
B Q R P
C Q P R
D R P Q
167
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11
27 The diagram shows a section through an eye.
Which structure controls how much light enters the pupil?
D
C
28 What are the effects of adrenaline?
breathing rate pulse rate
B increased increased
C increased no effect
D no effect increased
29 Which organ breaks down heroin and alcohol?
A bladder
B brain
C kidney
D liver
30 In which conditions will seeds germinate most quickly?
A dry and cold

B dry and warm
C wet and cold
D wet and warm
168
12
31 What are the characteristics of asexual reproduction?
fusion of genetic variety

gamete nuclei in the offspring
A
B
C
D
32 The diagram represents processes in sexual reproduction.
cells in R
reproductive gametes
organs
zygote cells of
Q
embryo
Which processes are represented by stages Q and R?
Q R
A meiosis meiosis
B meiosis mitosis
C mitosis meiosis
D mitosis mitosis
A alleles
B genes
C genotype
D phenotype
34 Which structure will be found in the nucleus of a body cell in a woman?
A X allele
B X chromosome
C Y allele
D Y chromosome
169
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13
35 What is a mutation?
A a change in a gene or chromosome

B a condition caused by a dominant allele
C a process used in genetic engineering
D a type of continuous variation
36 In the food chain below, the population of snakes is halved owing to a viral disease.
grass → locusts → snakes → eagles
What effect does this have on the other members of the food chain?
grass locusts eagles

D increase increase decrease
37 Which is an example of a population?
A all the animals and plants living in a pond

B all the mahogany trees growing in a forest
C all the people born in a country over a period of 100 years
D all the species of animals in Africa
170
14
38 The diagram represents the carbon cycle.
carbon dioxide
in air
decomposing
animals material fossil fuels
in soil
green plants
Which process is represented by arrow X?
A combustion
B feeding
C photosynthesis
D respiration
D natural selection
171
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15
in a river.
farm C
direction
of flow
farm A
farm D
farm B
direction
of flow
60
40
nitrate
concentration
/ ppm
20
172
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BIOLOGY 0610/13
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*4851845816*

IB16 06_0610_13/3RP
over
2
bubbles
of gas
yeast, sugar
and water
A growth
B reproduction
C respiration
D sensitivity
2 Phototropism demonstrates which two characteristics of living organisms?
A growth and nutrition

B growth and sensitivity
C movement and nutrition
D nutrition and sensitivity
3 The table shows the scientific names and the common names of four plants.
scientific name common name
Althea officinalis marsh mallow

Hottonea palustris water violet
Viola palustris marsh violet
Viola tricolor wild pansy
Which word in their names shows that two of the plants share the greatest number of features?
A marsh
B palustris
C Viola
D violet
174
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3
4 What is the correct order of increasing size of the following structures, from smallest to largest?
A chromosome → liver → white blood cell
B chromosome → white blood cell → liver
C liver → chromosome → white blood cell
D white blood cell → liver → chromosome
A a cell
B a tissue
C an organ
D an organ system
6 The shaded area of the diagram represents structures found in both plant and animal cells.
plant animal
cell cell
structures structures
Which cell structure is from the shaded area?
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C chloroplast
D large vacuole
175
4
7 A jar of air was placed upside down on top of a jar containing a brown gas as shown.
air
air and
brown gas
brown gas
Which process has taken place?
A diffusion both upwards and downwards

B diffusion downwards only
C diffusion upwards only
D diffusion and osmosis
8 Which statement describes how young plants are supported?
A the pressure of water inside the cells pressing outwards on the cell membranes
B the pressure of water inside the cells pressing outwards on the cell walls
C the pressure of water passing from the roots through the phloem
D the pressure of water passing from the roots through the xylem

176
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5
10 The diagram represents a chemical reaction.
reactants product
Which diagram represents the enzyme for this reaction?
A B C D
A B
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
C D
enzyme enzyme
activity activity
0 50 100 0 50 100
177
6
12 Four test-tubes are set up as shown in the diagram and left in full sunlight.
After several hours, which test-tube contains the most dissolved oxygen?
A B C D
pond
pond weed
weed
water
water water
water
snail snail
white area
green area
A B C D
key
iodine solution
turns blue / black
iodine solution
stays brown
14 Which organ produces amylase?
A gall bladder
B liver
C oesophagus
D pancreas
178
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7
15 Which treatment is best for a person with persistent diarrhoea?
A drinking a solution of sugar and salt

B drinking pure water
C eating more fibre
D eating protein such as boiled eggs
A carbohydrate
B fat
C protein
D water
increases?
A B
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
C D
rate of rate of
humidity humidity
179
8
24 hours

19 Which blood vessel has a high carbon dioxide concentration, a low oxygen concentration and a
high blood pressure?
A aorta
B pulmonary artery
C pulmonary vein
D vena cava

21 What is the path of carbon dioxide as it leaves the lungs?
A alveolus → bronchiole → bronchus → trachea
B alveolus → bronchus → bronchiole → trachea
C trachea → bronchiole → bronchus → alveolus
D trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveolus
180
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9
22 In some amphibians, gas exchange occurs through the whole skin surface.
What are the most likely characteristics of the skin surface?
surface area type of skin
A large thick
B large thin
C small thick
D small thin
23 Which description of anaerobic respiration in yeast is correct?
it releases more energy

it produces alcohol
than aerobic respiration
A no no
B no yes
C yes no
D yes yes
24 What is an example of excretion in mammals?
A the release of hormones from glands

B the release of saliva into the mouth
C the removal of undigested food through the anus
D the removal of urea by the kidneys
25 A person has been sitting in a room at 35 °C for 30 minutes.
What would be the effect of then drinking several glasses of iced water?
blood temperature rate of sweating
A falls falls
B falls rises
C rises falls
D rises rises
181
10
spinal cord
P
finger
Q muscle
pin
first last
A P Q R
B Q R P
C Q P R
D R P Q
27 What is an example of gravitropism?
A a chemical messenger produced by a plant

B a painful sensation in response to a stimulus
C the growth of a plant root towards the centre of the Earth
D the growth of a plant shoot towards light
28 Which organ produces a hormone?
A heart
B lung
C ovary
D spinal cord
182
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11
29 What is a result of the excessive intake of alcohol?
A improved self-control
B liver damage
C reduced chance of HIV infection
D shorter reaction time
30 The table shows the conditions provided for four sets of seeds.
Which of the seeds germinate?
oxygen water carbon dioxide
A
B
C
D
31 The diagram shows a human female’s reproductive organs.
What is the name of structure X?
A cervix
B ovary
C oviduct
D ovule
183
12
32 Owners of successful race horses hope that the horses’ offspring will be like their parents.
How does a young race horse inherit its characteristics?
A equally from its mother and father

B mainly from its father
C mainly from its mother
D passed across the placenta
33 In pea plants the allele for tall, T, is dominant to the allele for dwarf, t.
Which cross would produce plants in the proportion of 1 tall : 1 dwarf?
A TT × Tt B Tt × Tt C Tt × tt D tt × tt
A alleles
B genes
C genotype
D phenotype
35 Which characteristic shows discontinuous variation in humans?
A height
B length of foot
C tongue rolling
D weight
184
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13
36 The graph shows the increase in the human population of the world since 1630.
6000
5000
4000
population
/ millions 3000
2000
1000
0
1630 1730 1830 1930 2030
year
What was the longest time taken for the population to double?
A 100 years B 200 years C 300 years D 400 years
tree → small insects → small birds → birds of prey
What is the correct pyramid of numbers for this food chain?
A B C D
birds of prey
small birds
small insects
tree
38 Which process is not part of the water cycle?
A condensation
B fossilisation
C precipitation
D transpiration
185
14
D natural selection
in a river.
farm C
direction
of flow
farm A
farm D
farm B
direction
of flow
60
40
nitrate
concentration
/ ppm
20
186
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BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) February/March 2016
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*7921658647*

IB16 03_0610_22/2RP
over
2
1 What is a correct way of naming an organism using the binomial system?
A Common buttercup
B ranunculus acris
C Ranunculus acris
D Ranunculus sp.
2 The diagram shows a leaf.
Use the key to identify the plant to which the leaf belongs.
leaves
leaf in leaf in more than

one piece one piece
leaf edge leaf edge leaf edge leaf edge

smooth jagged smooth jagged
Fagus Ulmus Fraxinus Sorbus

sylvatica minor americana aucuparia
A B C D
188
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3
3 The diagram shows a palisade mesophyll cell from a green leaf.
In which labelled part does photosynthesis occur and where is starch stored?
photosynthesis starch is
occurs stored
A X W
B X Z
C Y X
D Y Y
4 The diagram shows the detailed structure of a plant cell.
What is organelle X?
A chloroplast
B mitochondrion
C nucleus
D vacuole
189
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4
5 The data show the results of an investigation on osmosis using sticks of potato.
concentration of length of potato

length of potato
sugar solution stick after
stick at start / mm
/ mol per dm3 24 hours / mm
0.6 60 54
Which statements explain this change in length?
movement of water cause of the movement
A into the potato cells The sugar solution has a higher water
potential than the potato cells.
B into the potato cells The sugar solution has a lower water
C out of the potato cells The sugar solution has a higher water
D out of the potato cells The sugar solution has a lower water
6 What causes the diffusion of oxygen into a plant cell?
A active transport
B movement of molecules
C osmosis
D photosynthesis
7 What is not an example of active transport?
A absorption of water by root hairs

B reabsorption of glucose by kidney tubules
C uptake of glucose by villi
D uptake of ions by root hairs
190
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5
8 The diagram shows a section of DNA, with four bases identified on one strand.
Which sequence of bases would be on the other strand, starting from the top?
A AGTC B CTGA C GACT D TCAG
9 The diagram shows a large food molecule changing into smaller molecules.
process X
What is process X?
A absorption
B chewing
C digestion
D secretion
10 The diagram represents the shape of an enzyme molecule.
active site
With which substrate would this enzyme most easily form an enzyme-substrate complex?
A B C D
191
6
11 The table shows the conditions in four test-tubes containing equal amounts of starch and salivary
amylase.
In which test-tube is the starch broken down fastest?
temperature
pH
/ °C
A 2 27
B 2 37
C 7 27
D 7 37
12 A plant with variegated leaves has the starch removed from its leaves by placing it in a dark
cupboard for 48 hours.
Black paper is then fixed on one leaf as shown and the plant is exposed to light.
After 24 hours, which part of the leaf contains starch?
green region white region
A
D
black paper on
both sides of leaf
13 Which row shows the effects of deficiencies in nitrate and magnesium ions on plant growth?
effect of nitrate ion effect of magnesium

deficiency ion deficiency
A green leaves long roots

B long roots thin stem
C stunted growth yellow leaves
D thick stem large leaves
192
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7
14 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal and associated organs.
T
W
Which structures secrete enzymes that digest proteins?
A T and U B U and V C V and W D W and T
15 The graph shows pH changes in the mouth after eating.
8
7
6
5
pH 4
3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
time after eating / minutes
Why is it a good idea to brush teeth after eating?
A Acidic conditions help bacteria to grow.

B Acids dissolve tooth enamel.
C Alkaline conditions help bacteria to grow.
D Alkalis dissolve tooth enamel.
193
8
16 The lower end of a plant stem is placed in water coloured with red dye. After three hours, the
stem is cut as shown in the diagram.
Which labelled region is stained red?
17 By which process is water lost from a leaf?
A active transport
B diffusion
C osmosis
D photosynthesis
18 Which process is used to transport sucrose from the leaves of a plant to its flowers?
A diffusion
B osmosis
C translocation
D transpiration
19 Which row shows the chambers of the heart, from those with the thickest walls to those with the
thinnest walls?
thickest thinnest
A atria left ventricle right ventricle

B atria right ventricle left ventricle
C left ventricle right ventricle atria
D right ventricle left ventricle atria
194
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9
20 Why is aspirin sometimes used as a drug to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease?
A It reduces blood pressure.

B It reduces pain.
C It reduces the tendency for blood to clot.
D It relaxes artery walls.
21 What happens when a child is vaccinated against tuberculosis?
production of
type of immunity
memory cells
A active no
B active yes
C passive no
D passive yes
22 What helps oxygen to be absorbed rapidly into the blood in the lungs?
A Air breathed in has less oxygen than air breathed out.

B Alveoli have thick walls and a large surface area.
C Alveoli have thin walls and a large surface area.
D The concentration of oxygen in the blood is higher than in the alveoli.
23 The diagram illustrates changes in air pressure taking place inside the lungs during a complete
cycle of breathing. Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa.
At which point on the diagram are the ribs beginning to be lowered?
B
102
pressure
in lungs 101
/ kPa
D
100
time
195
10
24 The diagram shows the structure of a kidney tubule.
Where does filtration occur?
25 The fovea of the eye has three kinds of cones absorbing light of different colours.
Which row is correct?
type of cone stimulated

red sensitive blue sensitive green sensitive colour seen
A no yes yes red

B yes no yes blue
C yes yes no green
D yes yes yes white
26 A person eats a large bowl of rice.
What happens to the amounts of insulin, glucagon and glycogen in their body?
insulin glucagon glycogen
A decreases decreases increases

B decreases increases decreases
C increases decreases increases
D increases increases decreases
196
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11
27 What is not an effect of the hormone adrenaline?
A decreased production of sweat

B dilated pupils
C increased blood glucose
D increased pulse rate
28 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the response of a plant stem to gravity.
result after
two days in dark
in dark
What is a suitable control for this experiment?
A B
rotated
light
slowly
in dark
C D
light
in dark
29 Possible effects of drug abuse include
1 addiction,
2 reduced self-control,
3 severe withdrawal symptoms.
Which effects may occur as a result of drinking too much alcohol?
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only
197
12
30 Which hormone maintains the lining of the uterus during pregnancy?
A FSH
B oestrogen
C progesterone
D testosterone
In which structure do seeds develop?
C
D
32 In sexual reproduction in humans, why are sperm cells produced in much greater numbers than
egg cells?
A More than one sperm cell fertilises an egg.

B Sperm cells are small in size.
C Sperm cells live for only a short time.
D The chance of one sperm cell reaching an egg is very small.
33 What are alleles?
A a pair of chromosomes
B different versions of the same gene
C the total number of genes on one chromosome
D two genes side by side on the same chromosome
198
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13
34 The diagram shows the sex chromosomes of a woman and of a man. Their genotypes for a
recessive sex-linked condition are also shown.
A a a key
A is dominant
a is recessive
What are the chances that their daughter will show the sex-linked condition?
A 0% B 25% C 50% D 75%
35 The diagram shows the inheritance of ABO blood groups. The blood groups of some of the
individuals are given.
A Priya
B O
O A
What could be Priya’s genotype?
A IAIo B IBIB C IBIo D IoIo
36 What is not a feature of hydrophytes?
A large air spaces in the tissues

B leaves rolled up and covered with hairs
C leaves with stomata on the upper surface
D roots and xylem reduced
199
14
37 The diagram shows a pyramid of numbers in a food chain.
hawk
tree shrew
caterpillars
kapok tree
What type of organism is the hawk?
A producer
B primary consumer
C quaternary consumer
D tertiary consumer
38 The diagram shows organisms feeding on a dead rat and one of the organisms which, in turn,
feeds on them.
What is needed to complete the food chain?
A carnivore
B consumer
C predator
D producer
200
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15
39 The diagram shows five stages in genetic engineering.
stage 1 stage 2 stage 3

The DNA making up The DNA of a The DNA of the
a human gene is bacterial plasmid human gene is
isolated using is cut open using inserted into the
restriction enzymes. restriction enzymes. bacterial plasmid DNA.
stage 4 stage 5
The plasmid The bacteria with the
containing the human human gene divide
gene is put back and make the
into a bacterium. human protein.
Which stages involve the formation of sticky ends?
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only
40 The careless use of nitrogenous fertiliser near rivers and lakes can cause eutrophication.
This results in the death of fish.
What is the direct cause of the death of the fish?
A Decomposers reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water.

B Nitrates are toxic to plants.
C The rapid growth of producers uses up all the available nutrients.
D The sudden increase in the number of bacteria increases the spread of disease.
201
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BIOLOGY 0610/12
Paper 1 Multiple Choice (Core) February/March 2016
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*6346877844*

IB16 03_0610_12/3RP
over
2
1 The equation shows a chemical reaction that occurs in living organisms.
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Which of these characteristics of living organisms is this equation associated with?
respiration nutrition
A
B
C
D
2 What is a correct way of naming an organism using the binomial system?
A Common buttercup
B ranunculus acris
C Ranunculus acris
D Ranunculus sp.
203
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3
3 The diagram shows a leaf.
Use the key to identify the plant to which the leaf belongs.
leaves
leaf in leaf in more than

one piece one piece
leaf edge leaf edge leaf edge leaf edge

smooth jagged smooth jagged
Fagus Ulmus Fraxinus Sorbus

sylvatica minor americana aucuparia
A B C D
4 A palisade cell and a nerve cell are observed under a light microscope.
Only the palisade cell has a
A cell membrane.
B cytoplasm.
C nucleus.
D vacuole.
204
4
5 The diagram shows a palisade mesophyll cell from a green leaf.
In which labelled part does photosynthesis occur and where is starch stored?
photosynthesis starch is
occurs stored
A X W
B X Z
C Y X
D Y Y
6 Which row describes a root hair cell?
allows water to increases the surface loses water

pass into the plant area of the root by transpiration
A
B
C
D
205
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5
7 The diagram shows a test-tube containing clear jelly. A drop of blue ink is injected into the middle
of the jelly.
clear jelly
drop of blue ink
The blue colour of the ink spreads throughout the jelly.
By which process does the blue ink spread through the jelly?
A active transport
B catalysis
C diffusion
D osmosis
8 Which diagram shows the changes in appearance of a plant cell when it remains in a
concentrated sugar solution for thirty minutes?
206
6
9 The diagram shows a large food molecule changing into smaller molecules.
process X
What is process X?
A absorption
B chewing
C digestion
D secretion
10 The table shows the conditions in four test-tubes containing equal amounts of starch and salivary
amylase.
In which test-tube is the starch broken down fastest?
temperature
pH
/ °C
A 2 27
B 2 37
C 7 27
D 7 37
11 Plants manufacture their own supplies of carbohydrate.
What are the raw materials and the waste product of this process?
raw materials waste product
A carbon dioxide and chlorophyll oxygen

B carbon dioxide and water oxygen
C oxygen and chlorophyll carbon dioxide
D oxygen and water carbon dioxide
207
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7
12 A plant with variegated leaves has the starch removed from its leaves by placing it in a dark
cupboard for 48 hours.
Black paper is then fixed on one leaf as shown and the plant is exposed to light.
After 24 hours, which part of the leaf contains starch?
green region white region
A
D
black paper on
both sides of leaf
13 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal and associated organs.
T
W
Which structures secrete enzymes that digest proteins?
A T and U B U and V C V and W D W and T
208
8
14 The graph shows pH changes in the mouth after eating.
8
7
6
5
pH 4
3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
time after eating / minutes
Why is it a good idea to brush teeth after eating?
A Acidic conditions help bacteria to grow.

B Acids dissolve tooth enamel.
C Alkaline conditions help bacteria to grow.
D Alkalis dissolve tooth enamel.
15 The diagram shows part of a protein molecule.
A amino acid
B fatty acid
C glycerol
D sugar
16 By which process is water lost from a leaf?
A active transport
B diffusion
C osmosis
D photosynthesis
209
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9
17 The lower end of a plant stem is placed in water coloured with red dye. After three hours, the
stem is cut as shown in the diagram.
Which labelled region is stained red?
18 The diagram shows a section through the heart.
Which part pumps blood to the aorta?
A B
D C
210
10
19 The diagram shows a section through a blood vessel in the leg.
Which type of blood vessel is shown, and in which direction does the blood flow?
type direction
of vessel of flow
A artery P to Q
B artery Q to P
C vein P to Q
D vein Q to P
20 The table shows the approximate composition of air breathed out by a mammal.
gas air breathed out / %
nitrogen 80
oxygen 16
carbon dioxide 4
Where does the nitrogen in the air breathed out come from?
A It is a product of proteins broken down in the mammal.

B It is a product of respiration.
C It is exchanged for oxygen which is taken into the blood.
D It is in the air that was breathed in.
21 What is produced by yeast during anaerobic respiration?
A carbon dioxide and water

B ethanol and carbon dioxide
C ethanol and water
D lactic acid
211
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11
22 What helps oxygen to be absorbed rapidly into the blood in the lungs?
A Air breathed in has less oxygen than air breathed out.

B Alveoli have thick walls and a large surface area.
C Alveoli have thin walls and a large surface area.
D The concentration of oxygen in the blood is higher than in the alveoli.
23 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate gas exchange in a leaf.
black cover
ink drop
substance
to absorb
carbon dioxide
leaf
In which direction does the ink drop move and for what reason?
direction reason
A to the left photosynthesis

B to the left respiration
C to the right photosynthesis
D to the right respiration
24 Where is urea formed?
A kidneys
B liver
C muscles
D small intestine
212
12
25 The diagram shows the structures involved in a reflex action.
S
R
P
Q
hot pan
What is the sequence in which impulses pass through these structures?
A P→S→R→Q
B Q→R→S→P
C Q→P→R→S
D S→P→Q→R
26 Which part of the human eye is sensitive to light?
A iris
B lens
C optic nerve
D retina
213
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13
27 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the response of a plant stem to gravity.
result after
two days in dark
in dark
What is a suitable control for this experiment?
A B
rotated
light
slowly
in dark
C D
light
in dark
28 Possible effects of drug abuse include
1 addiction,
2 reduced self-control,
3 severe withdrawal symptoms.
Which effects may occur as a result of drinking too much alcohol?
29 What must always be available to allow seeds to germinate?
A carbon dioxide
B light
C mineral salts
D water
214
14
In which structure do seeds develop?
C
D
31 The graph shows the number of pregnancies in four groups of 100 women. Each group used a
different method of contraception.
20
number of
10
pregnancies
0
contraceptive intra-uterine diaphragm monitoring body
pill device (IUD) temperature
The method of contraception which is the least effective is
A barrier.
B chemical.
C natural.
D surgical.
32 The following statements are about some hormones in the human body.
V causes changes in the ovaries during the menstrual cycle
W promotes the development of stronger muscles
X causes the voice to deepen at puberty
Y produced by the pancreas
Which statements are correct for testosterone?
A V and W B V and Y C W and X D X and Y

215
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15
33 Which substance is coded for by a length of DNA?
A fat
B fatty acid
C glycerol
D lipase
34 What are alleles?
A a pair of chromosomes
B different versions of the same gene
C the total number of genes on one chromosome
D two genes side by side on the same chromosome
35 A pure-breeding plant with smooth stems was crossed with a heterozygous plant with hairy
stems.
What will be the ratio of hairy : smooth stems in the resulting plants?
A 1 hairy : 1 smooth
B 1 hairy : 3 smooth
C 3 hairy : 1 smooth
D all hairy
36 Which processes are part of the carbon cycle?
decomposition evaporation ingestion
A
B
C
D
216
16
37 The diagram shows organisms feeding on a dead rat and one of the organisms which, in turn,
feeds on them.
What is needed to complete the food chain?
A carnivore
B consumer
C predator
D producer
217
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17
seagulls
lobsters whelks
prawns mussels crabs
tiny floating
lugworms limpets
animals
tiny floating
sea lettuce
plants
Which organisms feed on the greatest variety of other organisms, as shown in this food web?
A crabs
B limpets
C lobsters
D mussels
218
18
39 The diagram shows how sewage is treated.
air out
second
settling aeration
screen settling water to river
tank tank
tank
sludge
air in
sludge
sludge
sludge disposal
digester
Why is air bubbled through the aeration tank?
A to encourage microorganisms to reproduce quickly

B to float the sludge
C to settle the sludge
D to stop microorganisms from reproducing too quickly
40 Three human activities are listed.
1 burning fossil fuels

2 deforestation
3 overusing fertilisers
Which activities can cause the change shown in the graph?
concentration of
carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere
time
219
© UCLES 2016 0610/12/F/M/16
BIOLOGY 0610/11
Paper 1 Multiple Choice October/November 2015
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*2377085453*
MODIFIED LANGUAGE

IB15 11_0610_11_ML/RP
over
2
1 Which process releases the most energy from one molecule of glucose?
A aerobic respiration
B anaerobic respiration in muscle
C anaerobic respiration in yeast
D photosynthesis
2 The diagram shows some leaves and flowers of different plants.
1 2 3 4 5
Which are from monocotyledons?
221
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3
3 The list shows the scientific names for eight animals, using the binomial system.
Alderia modesta
Arenicola cristata
Arenicola marina
Austrominius modestus
Bittium reticulatum
Botrylloides leachii
Botryllus schlosseri
Clypeostoma reticulatum
Which two animals are most closely related?
A Alderia modesta and Austrominius modestus

B Arenicola cristata and Arenicola marina
C Bittium reticulatum and Clypeostoma reticulatum
D Botryllus schlosseri and Botrylloides leachii
4 The diagram shows a flower seen from above.
Use the key to find the name of the family to which it belongs.
1 four petals ............................................... go to 2

five petals ............................................... go to 3
2 two stamens ........................................... A Scrophulariaceae
six stamens ............................................ B Brassicaceae
3 petals joined............................................ C Caryophyllaceae
petals separate ...................................... D Rosaceae
222
4
5 Three cell structures are listed.
1 cell wall
2 cytoplasm
3 nucleus
Which structures are found in palisade cells and in liver cells?
6 The diagram shows two plant cells, P and Q.
cell P cell Q
How does cell P differ from cell Q?
A It has no cell wall.

B It has no chloroplasts.
C It has no nucleus.
D It has no vacuole.
7 The diagram shows different types of cells.
Which structure do all these cells have?
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C chloroplast
D nucleus
223
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5
8 The diagram shows a male gamete.
Which term describes the level of organisation of this gamete?
A cell
B organ
C organism
D tissue
9 Which description of xylem is correct?
A a cell used for absorption

B a tissue used for support
C an organ system used for conduction
D an organ used for transport
10 The diagram shows a fish in a pond.
Why does oxygen diffuse from the air into the water before reaching the fish?
A Oxygen is more concentrated in the air than in the water.

B Oxygen is more concentrated in the water than in the air.
C Oxygen is needed by the fish for aerobic respiration.
D Oxygen is needed by the fish for anaerobic respiration.
11 Which structure provides the best surface for diffusion?
A atrium
B bronchioles
C ileum
D trachea
224
6
12 What is true of all enzymes?
they are most effective

they are sugars
at pH7
A
B
C
D
13 The diagram shows a piece of small intestine during peristalsis.
direction of
peristalsis
What is happening at X?
circular muscles longitudinal muscles
A contracted contracted
B contracted relaxed
C relaxed contracted
D relaxed relaxed
225
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7
14 A plant with striped leaves similar to the one below was kept in bright light for six hours.
white stripe
green stripe
A leaf was taken from the plant and the chlorophyll removed. It was then tested for starch using
iodine solution.
Which diagram shows the result of the test?
A B C D
yellow-brown white blue-black yellow-brown
blue-black blue-black green green
Which structure does not secrete digestive enzymes?
D
B
C
226
8
16 Which substance is lost from the body of a healthy person by the kidneys, but not by the lungs?
A carbon dioxide
B glucose
C urea
D water
17 Which statement is correct for most veins in the human body?
A They carry blood at high pressure.

B They have a pulse.
C They have valves.
D They take blood away from the heart.
18 What is transported in the phloem and what is the direction of transport?
A starch, up and down

B starch, up only
C sucrose, down and up
D sucrose, down only
227
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9
19 Apparatus was set up as shown.
air to
pump
sodium limewater limewater

hydroxide plant black
solution flask X paper flask Y
Sodium hydroxide removes carbon dioxide from the air. Limewater goes cloudy if carbon dioxide
is bubbled through it.
What happens to the limewater in flasks X and Y when the pump is switched on?
flask X flask Y
A goes cloudy goes cloudy

B goes cloudy stays clear
C stays clear goes cloudy
D stays clear stays clear
20 The diagram shows apparatus used to investigate anaerobic respiration in yeast.
glass coloured
tube liquid
air from which oxygen

has been removed
yeast in a
glucose solution
What happens to the coloured liquid?
A moves rapidly to the left

B moves slowly to the left
C moves to the right
D stays still
228
10
21 Why do mammals sweat?
A to cool the body

B to lose water vapour through the skin surface
C to release energy through the oxidation of glucose
D to remove glucose from the blood
22 The diagram shows a section through part of the human eye.
suspensory
ligaments
lens
When a person looks at an object which is far away from their eye, which of the following
happens?
suspensory
lens
ligaments
A slacken becomes fatter

B slacken becomes thinner
C tighten becomes fatter
D tighten becomes thinner
229
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11
23 The diagram shows half a flower.
On which structure would pollen be deposited in pollination?
B
C
D
24 In which region does diffusion of materials take place between mother and fetus?
A amniotic sac
B ovary
C placenta
D umbilical cord
25 During childbirth, what must happen to the cervix and the uterus wall?
cervix uterus wall
A contracts contracts and relaxes

B contracts relaxes
C dilates contracts and relaxes
D dilates relaxes
230
12
26 The diagram shows a baby, a child and an adult (not drawn to the same scale).
As a baby grows into an adult, which labelled region grows the most?
27 Four tubes were set up as shown and placed in the dark.
In which tube would the seeds germinate first?
A B C D
oil
seeds seeds
dry water with
moist cotton oxygen removed
cotton wool
cotton wool
wool
0 °C 25 °C 25 °C 25 °C
231
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13
28 The graph shows the height of a child, from birth to the age of 10.
140
120
100
80
height / cm
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
age / years
What was the approximate height of the child at 7 years of age?
A 106 cm B 116 cm C 122 cm D 130 cm
29 Which statement about the human sex chromosomes is correct?
A All boys have two Y chromosomes.

B Everybody has at least one X chromosome.
C Girls have a Y chromosome and an X chromosome.
D Nobody has two X chromosomes.
30 What results from meiosis of a diploid cell?
A genetically different diploid cells

B genetically different haploid cells
C genetically identical diploid cells
D genetically identical haploid cells
232
14
31 Which pathway is taken by energy from the Sun?
chemical energy trapped by

A stored in plants
in carbohydrates chlorophyll

B stored in plants
trapped by chemical energy

C stored in plants
chlorophyll in carbohydrates

D stored in plants
lettuce greenflies ladybirds insect-eating hawks

birds
If the hawks are removed from this food chain, what is likely to happen to the numbers of the
other organisms in this chain?
greenflies ladybirds insect-eating birds

D increase decrease increase
33 The diagram shows a food web including a producer, consumers and a decomposer.
Which organism is the decomposer?
organism
A
organism organism
D B
organism
C
233
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15
34 Which organisms remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
A carnivores
B decomposers
C herbivores
D producers
35 Which process is not part of the carbon cycle?
A combustion
B photosynthesis
C respiration
D transpiration
36 The diagram shows a simple water cycle.
cloud
tree
rain
soil
What is responsible for water loss from the tree?
A evaporation
B photosynthesis
C respiration
D translocation
234
16
37 The diagram shows the age structure of a human population.
age (years) males females

60 and over
45 – 59
30 – 44
15 – 29
under 15
1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5
population (millions)
Which age group has the largest number of people?
A 60 and over
B 45-59
C 30-44
D under 15
38 What is a reason for conserving plant species?
A to absorb oxygen from the air

B to decrease rainfall
C to obtain drugs for medicinal use
D to release carbon dioxide into the air
39 What is reduced after deforestation?
A force of rain hitting the ground

B rainwater run-off
C soil erosion
D soil fertility
235
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17
40 The diagram shows four positions on a river where water samples were taken.
untreated
sewage
X outlet
direction
of flow W
Y Z
Which graph shows oxygen concentrations in the river?
A B
oxygen oxygen
W X Y Z W X Y Z
position position
C D
oxygen oxygen
W X Y Z W X Y Z
position position
236
© UCLES 2015 0610/11/O/N/15
BIOLOGY 0610/12
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*7524335656*

MODIFIED LANGUAGE

IB15 11_0610_12_ML/FP
over
2
1 Some lizards detach their tails when threatened by a predator.
Which characteristic is shown?
A excretion
B growth
C reproduction
D sensitivity
2 The diagram shows a key for five vertebrates.
START HERE
has legs has no legs
organism T
has feathers has no feathers
organism U
has scales has no scales
organism V organism W
Which class of vertebrates does organism W belong to?
A amphibians
B birds
C fish
D reptiles
238
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3
3 The diagram shows an animal whose scientific name is Rattus rattus.
Which genus does it belong to?
A mammal
B rattus
C Rattus
D vertebrate
4 The diagram shows a cross-section of part of a leaf.
upper epidermis
layer X
lower epidermis
midrib
Which type of cell is found in layer X?
A B C D
5 The diagram shows a student’s drawing of two guard cells.
Which label line is not correct?
A chloroplast
B cell membrane
C vacuole
D cell wall
239
4
6 How does a liver cell differ from a palisade cell?
A A liver cell has a membrane.

B A liver cell has a vacuole.
C A liver cell has no cell wall.
D A liver cell has no cytoplasm.
7 The diagram shows structures taken from two different organisms.
P Q R S
(cells not drawn to scale)
Which structures have the main function of transport?
A P and R B P and S C Q and R D Q and S
8 At which level of organisation is a root?
A organ
B organ system
C organism
D tissue
240
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5
9 The diagram shows a plant cell.
What is the appearance of this cell after it has been placed in pure water for 30 minutes?
A B
C D
10 A student cuts out four pieces of carrot root of equal size. The pieces are treated as shown in the
diagram, and then left for two hours.
After two hours, which piece of carrot will be the smallest?
A B C D
sugar water sugar water

solution solution
boiled carrot boiled carrot fresh carrot fresh carrot
241
6
11 The diagram shows the effect of an enzyme working in the human digestive system.
enzyme at pH 1.5
and temperature 37 °C
protein amino acids
What would reduce the rate of production of amino acids?
A removing the amino acids as they are formed

B increasing the amount of protein
C raising the temperature to 40 °C

D raising the pH to 7.5
12 Which substance catalyses the breakdown of fats to fatty acids and glycerol?
A adrenaline
B alcohol
C bile
D lipase
13 An experiment was done using the apparatus shown in the diagram.
The carbon dioxide content of the water in each tube was measured at the start and again three
hours later.
In which tube would there be a decrease in carbon dioxide content?
A B C D
black
water polythene
to keep
out light light light light
water
plant
water
snail
242
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7
14 What is formed first in a leaf as a result of photosynthesis?
A chlorophyll
B glucose
C starch
D water
white stripe
green stripe
A leaf was taken from the plant and the chlorophyll removed. The leaf was then tested for starch
using iodine solution.
A B C D
16 From which part of a leaf does most water evaporate during transpiration?
A the cuticle
B the guard cells
C the spongy mesophyll cells
D the xylem vessels
17 In which order does water pass through the cells of a plant, as the water travels from the roots to
a leaf?
A mesophyll cells → root hair → root cortex → xylem
B root cortex → root hair → xylem → mesophyll cells
C root hair → mesophyll cells → root cortex → xylem
D root hair → root cortex → xylem → mesophyll cells

243
8
18 The diagram shows a vertical section through a human heart.
What are X and Y?
X Y
A left atrium right ventricle

B left ventricle right atrium
C right atrium left ventricle
D right ventricle left atrium
244
© UCLES 2015 0610/12/O/N/15
9
19 The diagram shows the composition of four samples of air (O2 = oxygen, CO2 = carbon dioxide,
N2 = nitrogen).
K L M N
100
80
composition 60
/% 40
20
0
O2 CO2 N2 O2 CO2 N2 O2 CO2 N2 O2 CO2 N2
Which sample is inspired air and which sample is expired air?
inspired air expired air
A K N
B L K
C M L
D N M
glass coloured
tube liquid

has been removed
yeast in a
glucose solution

D stays still
245
10
21 The diagram shows some organs in which urea is found.
Which organ makes urea, and which organ removes it from the blood?
removes urea
makes urea
from blood
A P Q
B Q Q
C Q R
D R P
22 What is a function of the kidneys of a healthy person?
A break down toxins

B eliminate all salts
C reabsorb all glucose
D retain all water
246
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11
23 The diagram shows a capillary loop in the skin of a mammal.
capillary
loop
What will the capillary loop look like if the mammal becomes cold?
A B C D
24 The diagram shows a section through part of the eye.
iris
suspensory ligaments
pupil
lens
X is a contracted ciliary muscle.
What will happen when it relaxes?
A The lens will decrease its curvature.

B The lens will increase its curvature.
C The size of the pupil will decrease.
D The size of the pupil will increase.
247
12
25 The diagram shows a timeline of a woman’s menstrual cycle, which lasts for 28 days.
13 14 15 16
12 17
11 18
10 19
9 20
8 21
7 22
6 23
5 menstruation 24
(period)
4 25
3 26
2 28 27
1
On which days of the menstrual cycle is a woman most likely to become pregnant?
A days 1 - 4
B days 7 - 10
C days 13 - 16
D days 20 - 23
248
© UCLES 2015 0610/12/O/N/15
13
26 The diagram shows a vertical section through a flower.
What are X and Y?
X Y
A anther stigma
B anther style
C stamen stigma
D stamen style
140
120
100
80
height / cm
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
age / years
A 106 cm B 116 cm C 122 cm D 130 cm
249
14
28 Four samples of seeds germinated in different conditions of temperature and light, as shown in
the table.
sample temperature / °C light
1 20 absent
2 20 present
3 5 absent
4 5 present
A typical seedling from each sample was removed after seven days.
Which seedling was from sample 2?
A B C D
yellow
green
green
yellow

30 What will be the genotypes of the offspring resulting from a genetic cross between two
individuals, one of which is homozygous dominant, (TT), and the other heterozygous?
A all Tt
B 50% TT, 50% tt
C 50% TT, 50%Tt
D 25%TT, 50% Tt, 25% tt
250
© UCLES 2015 0610/12/O/N/15
15

A stored in plants

B stored in plants

C stored in plants

D stored in plants

birds

organism
A
organism organism
D B
organism
C
251
16
A carnivores
B decomposers
C herbivores
D producers
A combustion
B photosynthesis
C respiration
D transpiration
cloud
tree
rain
soil
A evaporation
B photosynthesis
C respiration
D translocation
252
© UCLES 2015 0610/12/O/N/15
17
37 The graphs show the number of carnivores in a habitat over a period of time. At time X the
herbivores in their food chain are removed from the habitat.
Which graph shows the effect of this on the number of carnivores?
A B
number of number of
carnivores carnivores
X time X time
C D
number of number of
carnivores carnivores
X time X time


B rainwater run-off
C soil erosion
D soil fertility
253
18
untreated
sewage
X outlet
direction
of flow W
Y Z
A B
oxygen oxygen
W X Y Z W X Y Z
position position
C D
oxygen oxygen
W X Y Z W X Y Z
position position
254
© UCLES 2015 0610/12/O/N/15
BIOLOGY 0610/13
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser


IB15 11_0610_13_A3/FP
© UCLES 2015 [Turn over
255
2
1 What are the characteristics of bony fish?
maintain
external ears jelly-covered
constant body scales
present eggs
temperature
A
B
C
D
2 What are the features of the leaves of a plant that is a eudicotyledon (dicotyledon)?
broad leaves parallel veins
A
B
C
D
3 Many snakes that belong to the viper family are unusual in that they give birth to live young.
This is usually a characteristic of which vertebrate group?
A amphibians
B birds
C bony fish
D mammals
4 Use the key to identify which group is amphibians.
1 hair present …………………………… mammals

hair absent ……………………………. go to 2
2 feathers present ………………….…… group A
feathers absent ………………….……. go to 3
3 dry scaly skin……………………….….. group B
moist skin ………………….……….….. go to 4
4 four limbs …………………………….… group C
no limbs ………...…………….....…...… group D
256
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15
3
5 The diagram shows a liver cell.
Which features are present in this cell and also in most plant cells?
A cell membrane and cytoplasm

B cell membrane and sap vacuole
C cell wall and cytoplasm
D cell wall and sap vacuole
6 Which structure is present in a root hair cell but not in a liver cell?
A cell wall
B chloroplast
C glycogen granule
D nucleus
7 Which description of the heart is correct?
A The heart is an organ, containing several systems, which forms part of the circulatory tissue.
B The heart is an organ, containing several tissues, which forms part of the circulatory system.
C The heart is a system, containing several organs, which forms part of the circulatory tissue.
D The heart is a system, containing several tissues, which forms part of the circulatory organ.
8 The diagram shows four cells.
1 2 3 4
Which two cells contain cellulose and a vacuole?
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15 257

[Turn over
4
9 The diagrams show how a cell appears under the microscope at the start of an experiment and
after it has been placed in a dilute solution of salts for 5 minutes.
start of the after placing in a

experiment dilute solution of salts
Which statement explains what happens?
A Dissolved salts enter the cell by diffusion.

B Dissolved salts leave the cell by diffusion.
C Water enters the cell by osmosis.
D Water leaves the cell by osmosis.
10 The diagram represents the molecules in two solutions either side of a fully permeable
membrane.
Key
solute molecules
water molecules
fully permeable membrane
In which directions are the net movements of the molecules?
solute molecules water molecules
A left to right left to right

B left to right right to left
C right to left left to right
D right to left right to left
258
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15
5
11 Which group of compounds ensures that metabolic reactions take place effectively?
A carbohydrates
B enzymes
C fatty acids
D hormones
12 Four different foods were tested for their composition.
The results are shown in the table.
Which food contains protein but not reducing sugar or starch?
Benedict’s test iodine test biuret test
A blue black purple

B blue brown purple
C brick red black blue
D brick red brown blue
13 What are the smaller basic units of starch and glycogen molecules?
starch glycogen
A amino acids fatty acids and glycerol

B amino acids simple sugars
C simple sugars fatty acids and glycerol
D simple sugars simple sugars
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15 259

[Turn over
6
white stripe
green stripe
A leaf was taken from the plant and the chlorophyll removed. It was then tested for starch using
iodine solution.
A B C D
15 Which substances are transported in the phloem?
A amino acids and starch

B amino acids and sucrose
C protein and starch
D starch and sucrose
16 The diagrams show some components of the blood of a mammal.
Which component causes the blood to start clotting?
A B C D
260
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15
7
17 Where are hormones removed from the blood and broken down in the human body?
A gall bladder
B kidneys
C liver
D stomach
18 The list shows four metabolic processes.
1 carbon dioxide + water o glucose + oxygen
2 glucose o alcohol + carbon dioxide
3 glucose o lactic acid
4 glucose + oxygen o carbon dioxide + water
Which of these processes occur in muscles?
glass coloured
tube liquid

has been removed
yeast in a
glucose solution

D stays still
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15 261

[Turn over
8
20 The diagram shows some of the structures in a human lung.
Where is the carbon dioxide concentration highest?
from pulmonary artery

C
to pulmonary vein
21 Where is urea produced in the human body and from which chemicals is it produced?
produced chemical
A intestine proteins
B kidneys amino acids
C kidneys fatty acids
D liver amino acids
262
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15
9
22 The table shows the composition of a liquid found in the human body.
component concentration / arbitrary units
amino acids 0.00

glucose 0.00
proteins 0.00
salts 1.50
urea 2.00
In a healthy person, which structure contains this liquid?
B C
23 The diagram shows muscles and bones in a person’s arm.
biceps
weight
triceps
What happens to the muscles as the weight is lowered?
biceps triceps
A lengthens lengthens
B lengthens shortens
C shortens lengthens
D shortens shortens
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15

263
[Turn over
10
24 In an experiment to investigate phototropism, a plant shoot is grown with light coming from one
side only.
After two days, in which region has the greatest rate of growth occurred?
D
A
C
light B light
start of experiment after two days
25 Which structure is involved in the transfer of dissolved nutrients from the mother to the fetus?
A kidney
B liver
C placenta
D stomach
After ejaculation, along which route does a male gamete travel to fuse with an egg?
A ovary o oviduct o uterus o cervix
B ovary o uterus o cervix o vagina
C vagina o cervix o uterus o oviduct
D vagina o uterus o cervix o oviduct
264
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11
27 Which set of conditions is required for seed germination?
oxygen warmth water
A
B
C
D
140
120
100
80
height / cm
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
age / years
A 106 cm B 116 cm C 122 cm D 130 cm
29 Which of these cells is haploid?
A liver cell
B red blood cell
C sperm cell
D zygote
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15 265

[Turn over
12


A stored in plants

B stored in plants

C stored in plants

D stored in plants
organism
A
organism organism
D B
organism
C
266
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15
13

birds

A carnivores
B decomposers
C herbivores
D producers
cloud
tree
rain
soil
A evaporation
B photosynthesis
C respiration
D translocation
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15

267
[Turn over
14
A combustion
B photosynthesis
C respiration
D transpiration
37 Which factors affect the rate of growth of a plant population?
disease grazing by herbivores light intensity
A
B
C
D


B rainwater run-off
C soil erosion
D soil fertility
268
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15
15
untreated
sewage
X outlet
direction
of flow W
Y Z
A B
oxygen oxygen
W X Y Z W X Y Z
position position
C D
oxygen oxygen
W X Y Z W X Y Z
position position
269
© UCLES 2015 0610/13/O/N/15
BIOLOGY 0610/11
Paper 1 Multiple Choice May/June 2015
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*8833948694*

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
IB15 06_0610_11/2RP
over
2
1 The diagram illustrates some of the processes carried out by living organisms.
oxygen from carbon dioxide

atmosphere to atmosphere
light energy
green
chicken
plant X
waste waste
products products
Which characteristic of living organisms is represented by arrow X?
A excretion
B nutrition
C respiration
D sensitivity
2 What is a correct way of naming a species, according to the binomial system?
A Homo sapiens
B Homo Sapiens
C human being
D sapiens
271
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3
3 The diagram shows four arthropods.
Pediculus ×20 Anopheles ×10
Dermacentor ×7 Carcinus ×0.5
How many of these arthropods are insects?
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
4 The key can be used to distinguish between four different chemical substances.
Use the key to identify which substance could be a protein.
1 contains the element carbon ........................................... go to 2

does not contain carbon .................................................. A
2 contains the element nitrogen ......................................... B
does not contain nitrogen ............................................... go to 3
3 gives a positive result with Benedict’s test ...................... C
gives a negative result with Benedict’s test .................... D
272
4
5 The diagram shows two guard cells from a leaf.
Which labelled part would also be found in liver cells?
6 The diagram shows part of a leaf in cross-section.
Structures X and Y are both part of the same
A cell.
B organ.
C tissue.
D vessel.
273
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5
Which features show that it is a plant cell?
A It has a cell wall and a vacuole.

B It has a nucleus and cytoplasm.
C It has a nucleus but no chloroplasts.
D It has chloroplasts but no vacuole.
8 In a section through a plant, a student found a group of long, microscopic structures. The
structures lacked end walls, cytoplasm and nuclei.
Which identification and reason best matches the student’s observations?
identification reason
A root hair cells they do not contain a nucleus when mature

B root hair cells they do not contain cytoplasm to absorb water
C xylem vessels they can support the plant better without cytoplasm
D xylem vessels they need to be hollow to carry water efficiently
9 The diagram shows a specialised cell cut in half.
What does this diagram indicate about the structure of this cell?
A The cell has a cell wall.

B The cell is concave on each side.
C The cell is long and thin.
D The cell is red and carries oxygen.
274
6
10 How do carbon dioxide and oxygen move in and out of a mesophyll cell?
A active transport
B diffusion
C respiration
D transpiration
11 During osmosis, which molecules move and through which type of membrane?
molecules type of
moving membrane
A oxygen partially permeable

B oxygen permeable
C water partially permeable
D water permeable
12 The diagram shows an experiment on the digestion of the protein in egg albumen by protease.
The protease was taken from a human stomach.
In which test-tube will the protein be digested most quickly?
A B C D
water-bath
at 37 °C
egg albumen egg albumen egg albumen egg albumen

+ + + +
protease dilute dilute dilute
hydrochloric hydrochloric hydrochloric
acid acid acid
+ +
protease boiled protease
13 Which effect does a gradual decrease in pH from 13 to 1 have on the action of amylase?
A slows it down only

B slows it down then speeds it up
C speeds it up only
D speeds it up then slows it down
275
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7
14 The diagram represents a protein molecule.
What do the small circles represent?
A amino acids
B fatty acids
C glycerol
D simple sugars
15 Poor nutrition can lead to a condition called rickets in which bones fail to develop properly.
The table shows some minerals and vitamins present in four foods.
Which food would be best for a child who has rickets?
calcium iron vitamin C vitamin D
A key
B = substance present
C = substance absent
D
16 Which components make up most of the dry mass of a balanced diet?
A calcium compounds, carbohydrates and fats

B carbohydrates, fats and proteins
C fats, proteins and vitamins
D proteins, vitamins and calcium compounds
276
8
17 The diagram shows a plant shoot and the same shoot six hours later.
plant shoot same shoot six hours later
Which change in environmental conditions could cause this change in the shoot?
A a decrease in available water

B a decrease in light intensity
C a decrease in wind speed
D an increase in humidity
277
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9
18 The diagrams show four different stages in one heart beat.
P Q
key
direction in which
blood is moving
R S
What is the correct order for the stages after stage P?
A Q→R→S
B R→Q→S
C R→S→Q
D S→R→Q
19 Why does chewing food speed up digestion?
A Bacteria in the food are killed.

B Food is mixed with protease.
C The surface area of the food is increased.
D The taste of food is improved.
20 Which process in humans does not use energy released from respiration?
A cell division
B diffusion of oxygen
C muscle contraction
D protein synthesis
278
10
21 The graph shows the results of an experiment to investigate the rate of respiration of an organism
at different temperatures.
rate of
respiration
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
temperature / °C
What explains the difference between the rate of respiration at 50 °C and that at 30 °C?
A enzymes working faster at 50 °C
B enzymes working more slowly at 50 °C
C less oxygen available at 50 °C
D more oxygen available at 50 °C
22 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the respiration of yeast.
balloon
gas evolved
yeast in yeast, sugar

sugar solution and new compound
at the beginning after 24 hours
Which gas is evolved and which new compound is present after 24 hours?
gas evolved new compound
A carbon dioxide ethanol (alcohol)

B carbon dioxide lactic acid
C oxygen ethanol (alcohol)
D oxygen lactic acid
279
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11
23 Which function does not occur in the kidneys?
A breakdown of alcohol
B removal of excess salts from the blood
C removal of excess water from the blood
D removal of urea from the blood
24 What is urea formed from?
A amino acids
B fatty acids
C glucose
D glycerol
25 What is not an effect of consumption of alcohol?
A liver damage
B loss of muscle coordination
C poor self control
D stimulation of the nervous system
26 Which labelled part of the eye contains muscle?
27 Which method of birth control is based on knowing the stage of a woman’s menstrual cycle?
A condom
B contraceptive pill
C diaphragm
D rhythm method
280
12
28 The diagram shows some changes which take place during a woman’s menstrual cycle.
relative
hormone
concentration
0
0 7 14 21 28
time / days
Assuming ovulation occurs on day 14, what is occurring at the time of ovulation?
A a fall in the levels of oestrogen and progesterone

B a fall in the level of progesterone only
C a rise in the level of oestrogen
D a rise in the level of progesterone and fall in the level of oestrogen
29 Development is defined as an increase in
A complexity.
B dry mass.
C number of cells.
D size.
30 In addition to a suitable temperature, what else is always necessary for seed germination?
A carbon dioxide and sunlight

B mineral ions
C sunlight and water
D water and oxygen
31 A genetic cross between two organisms may be shown as Gg × Gg.
What does g represent?
A a dominant allele
B a dominant chromosome
C a recessive allele
D a recessive chromosome
281
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13
32 Some fruit flies have orange eyes and others have red eyes.
If two orange-eyed fruit flies are crossed, their offspring always have orange eyes.
If two red-eyed fruit flies are crossed, their offspring sometimes include both orange-eyed and
red-eyed flies.
What can be concluded from these observations?
A Crossing an orange-eyed fly with a red-eyed fly will produce a 1 : 1 ratio in the offspring.
B The allele for orange eyes is dominant.
C The allele for red eyes is dominant.
D We could determine which allele is dominant only by doing a cross that produces a 3 : 1 ratio.
33 What can be continuously recycled in ecosystems?
carbon energy water
A
B
C
D
34 Which diagram shows a pyramid of biomass for a woodland?
A B
C D
282
14
35 Which of the following is an example of a food chain?
A carnivore → herbivore → producer
B flower → fruit → seed
C grass → antelope → lion
D starch → maltose→ glucose
36 The diagram shows the movements of water between oceans, land and the air. The figures are
based on an annual mean precipitation of 100 units.
precipitation transpiration evaporation

evaporation (rain, snow, hail, sleet, etc)
23
77
84
land
oceans
What is the total of evaporation from the land and transpiration from plants at X?
A 7 B 13 C 16 D 77
283
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15
37 What is shown in the diagram?
air
burning
respiration
fossil fuel photosynthesis

decomposition
plant animal
A a food web
B non-cyclical energy flow
C the carbon cycle
D the water cycle
38 The table shows the birth rates and death rates in four countries.
Which country will double its population most quickly?
birth rate death rate

/ % population / % population
A 5.0 4.0
B 4.5 2.5
C 3.5 2.0
D 3.0 3.0
39 Which two gases both contribute to global warming?
A carbon dioxide and methane

B methane and oxygen
C oxygen and sulfur dioxide
D sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide
284
16
40 Lichens are organisms that do not grow well in air containing sulfur dioxide.
Which graph shows the change in number of lichen species from the centre of an industrial city to
the countryside 15 km away?
A B
number of number of
lichen species lichen species
0 0
0 15 0 15
distance from distance from
city centre / km city centre / km
C D
number of number of
0 0
0 15 0 15
285
© UCLES 2015 0610/11/M/J/15

BIOLOGY 0610/12
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*6782855144*

IB15 06_0610_12/2RP
over
2

light energy
green
chicken
plant X
waste waste
products products
A excretion
B nutrition
C respiration
D sensitivity
2 The statements describe four different plants.
Which plant must be a monocotyledon?
A The flowers are wind-pollinated.

B The flowers each have five petals.
C The leaves are large with a clear network of veins on them.
D The leaves have parallel veins.
287
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3
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
288
4
4 The diagram shows an animal.
Use the key to identify this animal.
1 body covered with scales ...................... go to 2

body covered with hair .......................... go to 3
2 has a rounded bill .................................. A

has a pointed bill ................................... B
3 has webbed feet .................................... C

does not have webbed feet ................... D
5 Which diagram shows chloroplasts in their correct position in a plant cell?
A B C D
289
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5

7 Which is not an organ?
A blood
B heart
C tooth
D vein
8 What results from the destruction of cilia in the trachea due to smoking?
A Cilia cannot filter bacteria.

B Cilia cannot trap dust.
C Mucus cannot be manufactured.
D Mucus cannot be carried towards the throat.
A active transport
B diffusion
C respiration
D transpiration
290
6
10 Which statements are correct for both diffusion and osmosis?
molecules move from higher

involves movement requires energy
concentration to lower
of water only from the cell
concentration
A
B
C
D
11 An enzyme in potato cells causes oxygen to be produced from hydrogen peroxide.
Cubes of potato were incubated with hydrogen peroxide at different temperatures.
The numbers of bubbles of oxygen released per minute were counted at each temperature.
The table shows the results.
temperature / °C 15 25 35 45 55
number of bubbles / bubbles per minute 96 98 82 36 1
The results suggest the optimum temperature for the enzyme is between which two values?
A 15 °C and 35 °C
B 35 °C and 45 °C
C 35 °C and 55 °C
D 45 °C and 55 °C
291
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7
A B C D
water-bath
at 37 °C

+ + + +
acid acid acid
+ +
13 Which row shows the elements and basic units that are used in the construction of large food
molecules?
food molecules elements basic units
A fats carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen glucose

B fats carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen glycerol
C starch carbon, hydrogen, oxygen glucose
D starch carbon, hydrogen, oxygen glycerol
292
8
In which part does protein digestion begin?
A
B
A key
D
293
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9

17 A celery stalk is placed in a beaker of blue dye. Once the dye reaches the leaves, the stalk is
taken out and cut in half.
celery stalk
cut
blue dye
Which diagram shows the appearance of the cut end of the stalk?
A B C D
blue dye blue dye blue dye
294
10

19 The table shows the composition of four samples of air.
percentage of percentage of percentage

air sample
oxygen carbon dioxide humidity
P 21 0.04 20
Q 16 4.04 100
R 4 0.40 80
S 20 4.00 60
Which sample is inspired air and which sample is expired air?
sample sample
breathed in breathed out
A P Q
B P S
C Q R
D Q S
295
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11
balloon
gas evolved


21 In which conditions do the leaves of a green plant respire?
bright light darkness
A
B
C
D
22 Which two substances are both reabsorbed in the kidneys?
A glucose and salts

B glucose and starch
C glycogen and salts
D glycogen and starch
296
12
23 Which organ makes urea?
A bladder
B kidney
C liver
D stomach
24 What are correct descriptions of mitosis and meiosis?
mitosis meiosis
A cells produced are genetically identical repairs damaged cells

B halves the chromosome number cells produced are genetically identical
C involved in asexual reproduction halves the chromosome number
D involved in sexual reproduction doubles the chromosome number
25 The diagram shows two antagonistic muscles and the directions of movement that they produce.
P
R
direction of Q
movement
Which row correctly identifies these muscles and the directions of movement they produce on
contraction?
muscle P muscle Q
name movement name movement
A biceps R triceps S
B biceps S triceps R
C triceps R biceps S
D triceps S biceps R
297
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13
26 The diagram shows a germinating broad bean seed which has been cut in half.
1
4
2
3
Which labels show the cotyledon and the plumule?
cotyledon plumule
A 1 3
B 1 4
C 2 3
D 2 4
relative
hormone
concentration
0
0 7 14 21 28
time / days

298
14

B mineral ions
D water and oxygen
29 What defines the development of an organism?
A increase in age
B increase in complexity
C increase in height
D increase in length
30 A man has three sons.
What is the chance of his next child being a son?
A 0% B 25% C 50% D 75%
31 The diagram shows a cross between heterozygous tall pea plants.
parental genotypes Tt × Tt
gametes T t T t
offspring E F G H
Which statement is not correct?
A Offspring E and H are both homozygous.

B Offspring F and G are both heterozygous.
C The phenotypes of offspring E, F and G are the same.
D The ratio of different phenotypes in the offspring is 1 : 1.
299
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15
32 The bar chart shows the heights of pea plants grown from 500 pea seeds.
number
of
pea plants
height of plants
What variation do the plants show?
A continuous variation only

B discontinuous variation only
C both continuous variation and discontinuous variation
D neither continuous variation nor discontinuous variation
33 Which pair of statements about energy flow in ecosystems is correct?
energy entering the

nature of energy flow
ecosystem from the Sun
A light and chemical cyclical

B light and chemical non-cyclical
C light and heat cyclical
D light and heat non-cyclical
34 The diagram shows a food chain based on a tree.
tree aphids beetles birds
Which diagram shows a pyramid of numbers for this food chain?
A B C D
300
16
35 Which process forms part of the carbon cycle?
A combustion
B evaporation
C osmosis
D transpiration
36 Herbivores take in carbon atoms from plants.
How do carbon atoms leave the herbivores?
through death
in faeces in respiration
and decay
A
B
C
D
37 In which stages in the water cycle is the water in vapour form?
absorption by movement from

precipitation transpiration
plant roots sea to clouds
A
B
C
D
301
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17
38 The graph shows how the population of the world has increased from 1650 until the present day.
7
6
P
5
world
4
population
/ billions 3
2
1
0
1700 1800 1900 2000
year
What stage in the sigmoid population growth curve is represented by region P?
A death phase
B exponential (log) phase
C lag phase
D stationary phase
302
18
A B
number of number of
0 0
0 15 0 15
C D
number of number of
0 0
0 15 0 15

303
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BIOLOGY 0610/13
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*5756420182*

IB15 06_0610_13/3RP
over
2

light energy
green
chicken
plant X
waste waste
products products
A excretion
B nutrition
C respiration
D sensitivity
2 All fish, all birds and all mammals are
A animals with internal fertilisation.

B carnivores.
C vertebrates.
D warm-blooded animals.
305
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3
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
306
4
Use the key to identify the animal.
1 has two wings ...................................................... go to 2

has four wings ..................................................... go to 3
2 has antennae much shorter than legs ................. A
has antennae about the same length as legs ...... B
3 has feathery antennae ......................................... C
has smooth antennae .......................................... D

307
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5
6 The cell shown in the diagram has been magnified 3000 times. The diagram is 21 mm wide.
What is the actual diameter of the cell?
A 21 mm
21
B mm
3000
C 21 x 3000 mm
3000
D mm
21
7 Xylem is an example of
A a cell.
B a tissue.
C an organ.
D an organ system.
8 The diagram shows a cross-section through a plant root.
Q shows the part that is stained red when the root is placed in water containing a red dye.
What is found at Q?
A guard cells
B palisade cells
C phloem
D xylem
308
6
A active transport
B diffusion
C respiration
D transpiration
10 The diagram shows an experiment set up to investigate osmosis in living cells.
water
(X) potato
glass dish
concentrated
sugar solution
(Y)
What happens to the volumes of water (X) and sugar solution (Y) after 12 hours?
volume of water (X) volume of sugar solution (Y)
A decreases increases
B increases increases
C increases remains the same
D remains the same decreases
A B C D
water-bath
at 37 °C

+ + + +
acid acid acid
+ +
309
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7
12 Which graph shows the effect of temperature between 20 °C and 35 °C on the activity of a human
digestive enzyme?
A B
rate of rate of
reaction reaction
20 35 20 35
C D
rate of rate of
reaction reaction
20 35 20 35
13 Which product of photosynthesis moves out of a green leaf through its stomata?
A carbon dioxide
B glucose
C oxygen
D water
A key
D
310
8
15 A person ate food X. Food X was not affected by enzymes until it reached the duodenum.
What was in food X?
A fat
B mineral ion
C protein
D starch


18 Where does haemoglobin become oxyhaemoglobin?
A heart
B kidneys
C liver
D lungs
311
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9
balloon
gas evolved


20 A girl holds her breath for 30 seconds, breathes out, and then breathes in.
Compared with the air she breathes out, the air she breathes in contains less
A carbon dioxide and water vapour.

B nitrogen and water vapour.
C oxygen and carbon dioxide.
D oxygen and nitrogen.
21 Why does anaerobic respiration in muscles release less energy than aerobic respiration?
A Energy is lost in carbon dioxide.

B Energy is lost in oxygen.
C Energy remains trapped in ethanol.
D Energy remains trapped in lactic acid.
312
10
22 What is the function of the kidney?
A making glucose and reabsorbing urea

B making urea and removing salts
C removing glucose and reabsorbing salts
D removing urea and reabsorbing glucose
23 How does the skin react when the body becomes very warm?
blood vessels sweat production
A dilate almost stops

B dilate increases
C move towards skin surface almost stops
D move towards skin surface increases
24 Which diagram shows a sensory neurone?
A B
C D
313
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11
25 The diagram shows the muscles that control the size of the pupil in an eye.
iris
circular muscles
radial muscles
pupil
How do the muscles make the pupil smaller?
circular muscles radial muscles
A contract contract
B contract relax
C relax contract
D relax relax
relative
hormone
concentration
0
0 7 14 21 28
time / days

314
12
27 The diagram shows a process in plant reproduction.
anther stigma
stamen carpel
Which process is represented by arrow X?
A fertilisation
B pollen tube growth
C pollination
D seed dispersal

B mineral ions
D water and oxygen
315
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13
29 The graph shows how human height changes with age.
200
height / cm 100
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
age / years
In which age range is the growth rate slowest?
A 0–2 years
B 8–10 years
C 12–14 years
D 18–20 years
Where is most of the DNA found?
A
C
316
14
31 The diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell that divides by mitosis.
Which diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of one of the daughter cells produced?
A B C D
32 The diagram shows the fusion of gametes to produce a son and a daughter.
father mother
parents
gametes Q
offspring R
son daughter
What are the sex chromosomes in gamete Q and son R?
Q R
A X XX
B X XY
C Y XX
D Y XY
317
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15
33 Which organisms can be sources of energy for decomposers?
producers herbivores carnivores
A
B
C
D
34 The diagram shows a pyramid of biomass for all organisms in an ecosystem.
P
Q
R
S
Which organisms are carnivores?

A P and Q B P and R C Q and R D R and S
producer consumer consumer consumer

1 2 3
A disease reduced the numbers of consumer 3.
What would be the likely effect of this on the numbers of consumer 1 and consumer 2?
consumer 1 consumer 2
A decrease decrease
B decrease increase
C increase decrease
D increase increase
36 Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
A combustion
B decomposition
C photosynthesis
D respiration
318
16
37 In which labelled stage in the water cycle is the water in vapour form?
B C
plant
roots
A
sea river
land
38 The graph shows a growth curve for a population of yeast.
stationary
phase
death
number of exponential phase
yeast cells (log) phase
lag phase
0
0 time
Which two phases of the growth curve are caused by factors such as predation, disease or lack
of food?
A exponential (log) and death

B exponential (log) and stationary
C lag and exponential (log)
D stationary and death

319
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17
A B
number of number of
0 0
0 15 0 15
C D
number of number of
0 0
0 15 0 15
320
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BIOLOGY 0610/12
Paper 1 Multiple Choice February/March 2015
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*5602445965*

IB15 03_0610_12/3RP
over
2
1 What is not a characteristic of all living organisms?
A excretion
B photosynthesis
C reproduction
D respiration
2 Which characteristics do bony fish have?
backbone scales hair
A
B
C
D
3 The diagram shows an animal whose scientific name is Falco peregrinus.
To which species does it belong?
A bird
B F. peregrinus
C Falco
D vertebrate
322
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3
4 Use the key to identify the arthropod shown.
1 body divided into segments .................................... go to 2

body not divided into segments .............................. go to 3
2 body has one pair of legs per segment .................. A
body has two pairs of legs per segment ................. B
3 one pair of antennae .............................................. C
two pairs of antennae ............................................. D
5 Plant cells are often green but animal cells are not usually green.
Which structure in plant cells makes them green?
A cell wall
B chloroplast
C cytoplasm
D vacuole
6 The diagram shows the structure of a palisade cell.
2
4
1 5
Which features are also found in a liver cell?
323
4
7 What are the levels of organisation of the retina and of the eye?
retina eye
A cell organ
B cell organ system
C tissue organ
D tissue organ system
8 Which cell helps to move dust particles out of an organism?
A ciliated cell
B guard cell
C muscle cell
D red blood cell
9 The diagram shows apparatus which can be used to demonstrate osmosis.
1 2
glass tube
liquid
level
very concentrated concentrated

water
sucrose solution sucrose solution
partially
permeable membrane
After one hour, what would happen to the liquid levels in the glass tubes?
level in tube 1 level in tube 2
A falls falls
B falls rises
C rises falls
D rises rises
324
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5
10 By which process does oxygen pass out of a leaf?
A diffusion
B osmosis
C translocation
D transpiration
11 Lactase is a human enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of lactose in milk.
At which temperature does lactase work fastest?
A 0 °C B 18 °C C 37 °C D 100 °C
12 The graph shows the effect of pH on a particular enzyme-controlled reaction.
rate of
reaction
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
pH
When is the enzyme not active?
A at pH 1 and pH 13
B at pH 3 and pH 11
C at pH 5 and pH 9
D at pH 7
13 Which nutrient produces a purple colour when mixed with biuret solution?
A fat
B protein
C reducing sugar
D starch
325
6
14 What is carried by the xylem?
A chlorophyll
B mineral ions
C starch
D sugars
15 The diagram shows the teeth of the lower jaw of a human.
Which tooth is an incisor?
B
C
A
16 What is the correct sequence for blood being pumped from the heart to the lungs?
A left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary artery
B left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary vein
C right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery
D right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein
17 Which structures in plants and in humans normally carry amino acids?
arteries phloem ureters
A
B
C
D
326
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7
18 Why is the circulatory system of mammals described as a double circulation?
A Blood flows firstly through arteries and then through veins.

B Blood flows through the heart twice on one complete circuit of the body.
C In the heart, blood flows firstly through atria and then through ventricles.
D The atria and the ventricles contract alternately.
19 Which word equation represents anaerobic respiration in human muscle?
A glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol (alcohol)
B glucose → carbon dioxide + lactic acid
C glucose → ethanol (alcohol)
D glucose → lactic acid
20 A woman has been smoking heavily for many years.
Which statement could not be correct?
A Her arteries are blocked with tar.

B She is addicted to nicotine.
C The cilia in the trachea have been destroyed.
D The surface area of the lungs is reduced.
21 What makes alveoli suitable as a gas exchange surface?
large total surface well-supplied with

area blood vessels
A
B
C
D
22 How is urea removed from the body?
A as insoluble waste
B by being destroyed in the liver
C in expired air
D in solution
327
8
23 How does blood change as it passes through a kidney?
A It gains glucose.
B It gains salts.
C It loses protein.
D It loses urea.
24 What would be the effects of vasodilation and sweating on the body temperature and on the
amount of moisture on the surface of the skin?
body temperature moisture on skin surface
B decreased increased
C increased decreased
D increased increased
25 What would be the pupil size and lens shape of a person reading a mobile phone text message in
a brightly-lit room?
pupil size lens shape
A large fat
B large thin
C small fat
D small thin
328
© UCLES 2015 0610/12/F/M/15
9
26 The graphs show changes that occur in a woman during the menstrual cycle.
thickness of
uterus lining
blood progesterone
hormone
concentration oestrogen
0 7 14 21 28
time / days
Which statement is supported by evidence in the graphs?
A A large increase in progesterone concentration always results in thickening of the uterus

lining.
B At ovulation, the uterus lining is at its thickest.
C Each time the oestrogen concentration rises, the uterus lining becomes thicker.
D Within 5 days of ovulation, the uterus lining gets thinner.
27 The diagram shows a developing fetus attached to the uterus of a pregnant woman.
Which part is normally cut immediately after birth?
B
A C
28 Which environmental condition is not essential for the germination of all seeds?
A availability of light
B availability of oxygen
C availability of water
D suitable temperature
329
10
29 What always increases during the development of an organism?
A cell number
B complexity
C dry mass
D volume
30 What is an example of a characteristic that shows discontinuous variation in humans?
A blood group
B body mass
C height
D width of hand
31 What are the sex chromosomes for human females and males?
female male
A XX XY
B XX YY
C XY XX
D YY XY
32 In fruit flies, the allele for grey body, G, is dominant over the allele for black body, g.
The result of a mating between two flies is shown.
(parents) grey-bodied fly × black-bodied fly
(offspring) 33 grey-bodied flies + 38 black-bodied flies
What were the genotypes of the parents?
A Gg × gg B Gg × Gg C GG × gg D GG × Gg
33 Which way does energy flow directly in a food chain?
A carnivore to herbivore
B consumer to producer
C decomposer to producer
D producer to herbivore
330
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11
leopard
baboon
scorpion impala
locust
grass
At which trophic levels is the leopard feeding?
A first and second

B second and third
C second and fourth
D third and fifth
35 The graph shows changes in biomass of different organisms in an ecosystem over a 12 month
period. Each line represents a different trophic level.
Which line represents the herbivores?
biomass of A
organisms B
D
January April August December
month
331
12
36 Which processes result in organisms gaining carbon compounds, and in the addition of carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere?
organisms gaining carbon addition of carbon dioxide

compounds to the atmosphere
A photosynthesis and combustion respiration by animals

B photosynthesis and combustion respiration by plants
C photosynthesis and feeding dead organisms changing to fossil fuels
D photosynthesis and feeding respiration by plants
37 The diagram shows part of the water cycle.
Where is osmosis occurring?
clouds
A
water
soil
vapour
D C
plants
lake
332
© UCLES 2015 0610/12/F/M/15
13
38 The graph shows how the population of the world increased from 1650 until the present day.
5
world
population 4
(billions)
3
0
1700 1800 1900 2000
year
Which phases of the usual sigmoid growth curve are missing in this graph?
A death and lag

B exponential (log) and stationary
C lag and exponential (log)
D stationary and death
39 Which process may result in eutrophication in a lake?
A bleach entering from a factory

B fertilisers entering from farmland
C hot water entering from a power station
D pesticides entering from farmland
40 Which two gases are the biggest contributors to the greenhouse effect?

B carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
C methane and sulfur dioxide
D sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide
333
© UCLES 2015 0610/12/F/M/15
BIOLOGY 0610/11
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*8373863306*

IB14 11_0610_11/4RP R
over
2
1 The diagram shows how a seed changes after it is planted in well-watered soil.
Which characteristics of living things are demonstrated by this sequence?
A growth and reproduction

C nutrition and reproduction
2 The diagram shows the body plan of an invertebrate animal.
front rear
To which group does the animal belong?
A annelid
B crustacean
C insect
D nematode
335
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/O/N/14
3
1 front limbs with five fingers ....................... go to 2

front limbs with four fingers ...................... go to 3
2 skin with spots .......................................... A
skin without spots ..................................... B
3 tail with fins ............................................... C
tail without fins .......................................... D
4 The diagram shows some cells.
cilia
cytoplasm
nucleus
Where are these cells found?
A alimentary canal
B blood
C bronchial wall
D plant roots
336
4
5 Which features are possessed by all plant cells?
a cell wall chloroplasts
A
B
C
D
6 For which process is a root hair cell adapted?
A absorption of mineral ions

B support of stem
C translocation of sucrose
D transport of oxygen
7 Which processes produce a continuous space for the flow of water in xylem vessels?
break down of the removal of the

cell walls between cytoplasm in
adjacent cells each cell
A yes yes
B yes no
C no yes
D no no
8 Which characteristics are correct for both osmosis and diffusion?
require a partially require a are energy

permeable membrane concentration gradient consuming processes
A
B
C
D
337
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/O/N/14
5
9 Which substance is transported by haemoglobin?
A nitrogen
B oxygen
C urea
D water
10 What happens to most enzymes above 60 °C?
A They are denatured.

B They are destroyed by white blood cells.
C They are digested.
D They are made more active.
11 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme action. The graph shows
the results.
y-axis
x-axis
What are the labels for the x-axis and the y-axis?
x-axis y-axis
A pH rate of reaction
B pH time
C rate of reaction pH
D time pH
338
6
12 What is the function of the anus?
A assimilation
B digestion
C egestion
D excretion
13 Which simple molecules are the basic units of protein?
A amino acids
B fatty acids
C sugars
D vitamins
14 Some liquid is collected from the xylem in the stem of a plant.
What is present in the liquid?
A cellulose
B inorganic ions
C starch
D sugar
15 What is a function of phloem?
A translocation
B transpiration
C storage of food
D support
339
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/O/N/14
7
16 The diagram shows human blood as seen through a light microscope.
A person’s blood is unable to clot.
Which component of the blood is not functioning properly?
17 The diagram shows part of the trunk of a small tree with a ring of bark removed. Removing the
ring of bark takes away phloem but leaves the xylem intact.
upper
branch
ring of bark xylem

removed here
phloem
lower
branch
What effect will removing the bark have on the two branches?
lower branch upper branch

growth leaves growth leaves
A normal normal normal wilted

B normal wilted normal normal
C reduced normal normal normal
D reduced wilted reduced wilted
340
8
18 What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscles?
A ethanol and carbon dioxide

B ethanol only
C lactic acid and carbon dioxide
D lactic acid only
19 The oxygen carrying capacity of the blood of smokers is less than that of non-smokers.
Which component of cigarette smoke causes this?
A carbon monoxide
B nicotine
C smoke particles
D tar
A to provide carbon dioxide

B to provide ethanol
C to provide lactic acid
D to provide oxygen
341
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/O/N/14
9
21 The table shows a student’s water losses on a cool day.
water loss
/ cm3
in urine 1500
in faeces 100
in expired air 400
in sweat 800
total 2800
On a hot day the student’s water intake was the same as on the cool day.
On the hot day, which water losses would increase and which would decrease?
increase decrease
A in sweat in expired air

B in sweat in urine
C in urine in faeces
D in urine in sweat
22 After a meal containing carbohydrates, which row shows the changes in concentration of glucose
and urea in the blood as it passes through the liver?
glucose urea
A less less
B less more
C more less
D more more
23 Which actions straighten the arm at the elbow joint?
biceps triceps
A contracts contracts
B contracts relaxes
C relaxes contracts
D relaxes relaxes
342
10
24 Which response is a result of geotropism?
A flowers being produced

B growing bigger leaves
C roots growing downwards
D seeds germinating
25 The diagram shows a flower in vertical section.
2
3
1 5
Which numbered parts of the flower continue to develop after fertilisation?
26 A plant has two different alleles of a gene resulting in it having a green seed.
Which row describes the phenotype and genotype of the seeds of this plant?
phenotype genotype
A Gg heterozygous
B Gg homozygous
C green heterozygous
D green homozygous
27 To avoid extinction of a rare plant species, a botanical garden keeps a collection of seeds, known
as a seed bank.
Which condition will prevent these seeds germinating whilst in storage?
A high humidity
B high oxygen levels
C low light intensity
D low temperature
343
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/O/N/14
11
28 What may be defined as ‘an increase in dry mass’?
A growth
B nutrition
C reproduction
D respiration
29 The shape of a person’s earlobes is determined by a single gene. This gene has dominant and
recessive alleles.
The allele for detached earlobes is dominant to the allele for attached earlobes.
The diagram shows the inheritance of earlobe shape in a family.
parents
attached detached
children
attached detached detached
What is the probability of the next child from the same parents having detached earlobes?
A 0% B 25% C 50% D 75%
30 Which sex chromosomes are present in all mature human sperm cells?
A both X and Y chromosomes

B either X or Y chromosomes
C only X chromosomes
D only Y chromosomes
344
12
31 The diagram shows a plant that is producing small plantlets.
flower
plantlet
Which statement about the plantlets is correct?
A They are genetically different from the parent plant.

B They are genetically identical to the parent plant.
C They are produced as a result of the fusion of nuclei.
D They are produced by fertilising the flowers.
32 The diagram shows energy passing through an ecosystem.
Which arrow shows energy leaving the food web?
decomposers
A first second C third

Sun producer
consumer consumer consumer
heat energy - mainly from respiration
345
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/O/N/14
13
snakes birds
squirrels toads lizards beetles
grasshoppers greenfly snails
green plants
Which organisms will increase in number, if the number of snakes increases?
A birds
B grasshoppers
C lizards
D squirrels
34 The diagram shows some feeding relationships in a woodland area.
Which of the labelled animals are in competition with seed-eating insects for their food?
C birds of prey
B swifts D finches
A insects insects
flowers (nectar) seeds
woodland plants
346
14
35 The diagram shows the water cycle.
clouds rain, hail and snow
water vapour X ground

water
living living
plants animals
rivers and
streams
sea, lakes and ponds
Which process is represented by X?
A osmosis
B photosynthesis
C respiration
D transpiration
36 The diagram shows the carbon cycle.
Which process produces carbon dioxide from substances made by photosynthesis millions of
years ago?
carbon dioxide
dissolved in
seas and lakes
carbon dioxide
gas in the air
A
B C D
carbon compounds carbon
coal and in decaying compounds
oil organisms in plants
carbon compounds
in animals
347
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/O/N/14
15
37 The graph shows part of a growth curve for a bacterial population.
population
size
time
What is missing from the graph?
A the death phase

B the exponential phase
C the lag phase
D the stationary phase
38 Over-use of fertilisers on farmland causes the chemicals in the fertilisers to be washed into ponds
and lakes.
This causes eutrophication resulting in the following events.
1 algae grow
2 fish die
3 bacteria grow
4 oxygen decreases
What is the correct sequence of these events?
A 1→3→4→2
B 1→4→3→2
C 3→4→2→1
D 4→1→2→3
348
16
39 The concentration of a pesticide in the tissues of the organisms in the following food chain was
measured.
plants → small fish → large fish → birds of prey
Which bar on the chart represents the large fish?
0.5
0.4
pesticide
concentration 0.3
in tissues
/ mg per kg 0.2
0.1
0
A B C D
organism
40 Which activity will be least likely to lead to the extinction of species?
A conservation
B deforestation
C use of herbicides
D use of pesticides
349
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/O/N/14

BIOLOGY 0610/12
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*9625364945*

IB14 11_0610_12/2RP R
over
2
1 The diagram shows how a seed changes after it is planted in well-watered soil.
Which characteristics of living things are demonstrated by this sequence?
A growth and reproduction

2 The diagram shows the body plan of an invertebrate animal.
front rear
To which group does the animal belong?
A annelid
B crustacean
C insect
D nematode
351
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/O/N/14
3
cilia
cytoplasm
nucleus
Where are these cells found?
A alimentary canal
B blood
C bronchial wall
D plant roots

2 skin with spots .......................................... A
3 tail with fins ............................................... C
352
4
5 For which process is a root hair cell adapted?
A absorption of mineral ions

B support of stem
C translocation of sucrose
6 Which features are possessed by all plant cells?
a cell wall chloroplasts
A
B
C
D
7 Which substance is transported by haemoglobin?
A nitrogen
B oxygen
C urea
D water
8 Which processes produce a continuous space for the flow of water in xylem vessels?
break down of the removal of the

cell walls between cytoplasm in
adjacent cells each cell
A yes yes
B yes no
C no yes
D no no
353
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/O/N/14
5
9 Which characteristics are correct for both osmosis and diffusion?
require a partially require a are energy

permeable membrane concentration gradient consuming processes
A
B
C
D
10 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme action. The graph shows
the results.
y-axis
x-axis
What are the labels for the x-axis and the y-axis?
x-axis y-axis
A pH rate of reaction
B pH time
C rate of reaction pH
D time pH

354
6
12 What is a function of phloem?
A translocation
B transpiration
C storage of food
D support
A cellulose
B inorganic ions
C starch
D sugar
14 Which simple molecules are the basic units of protein?
A amino acids
B fatty acids
C sugars
D vitamins
15 What is the function of the anus?
A assimilation
B digestion
C egestion
D excretion
355
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/O/N/14
7
16 The diagram shows part of the trunk of a small tree with a ring of bark removed. Removing the
ring of bark takes away phloem but leaves the xylem intact.
upper
branch
ring of bark xylem

removed here
phloem
lower
branch
What effect will removing the bark have on the two branches?
lower branch upper branch

growth leaves growth leaves
A normal normal normal wilted

B normal wilted normal normal
C reduced normal normal normal
D reduced wilted reduced wilted
17 The diagram shows human blood as seen through a light microscope.
A person’s blood is unable to clot.
Which component of the blood is not functioning properly?
356
8

D to provide oxygen
19 What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscles?
A ethanol and carbon dioxide

B ethanol only
C lactic acid and carbon dioxide
D lactic acid only
A carbon monoxide
B nicotine
C smoke particles
D tar
21 Which actions straighten the arm at the elbow joint?
biceps triceps
A contracts contracts
B contracts relaxes
C relaxes contracts
D relaxes relaxes
357
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/O/N/14
9
22 The table shows a student’s water losses on a cool day.
water loss
/ cm3
in urine 1500
in faeces 100
in expired air 400
in sweat 800
total 2800
On a hot day the student’s water intake was the same as on the cool day.
On the hot day, which water losses would increase and which would decrease?
increase decrease
A in sweat in expired air

B in sweat in urine
C in urine in faeces
D in urine in sweat
23 After a meal containing carbohydrates, which row shows the changes in concentration of glucose
and urea in the blood as it passes through the liver?
glucose urea
A less less
B less more
C more less
D more more
24 To avoid extinction of a rare plant species, a botanical garden keeps a collection of seeds, known
as a seed bank.
Which condition will prevent these seeds germinating whilst in storage?
A high humidity
B high oxygen levels
C low light intensity
D low temperature
358
10
25 A plant has two different alleles of a gene resulting in it having a green seed.
Which row describes the phenotype and genotype of the seeds of this plant?
phenotype genotype
A Gg heterozygous
B Gg homozygous
C green heterozygous
D green homozygous
26 Which response is a result of geotropism?
A flowers being produced

B growing bigger leaves
C roots growing downwards
D seeds germinating
2
3
1 5
28 Which sex chromosomes are present in all mature human sperm cells?
A both X and Y chromosomes

B either X or Y chromosomes
C only X chromosomes
D only Y chromosomes
359
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/O/N/14
11
A growth
B nutrition
C reproduction
D respiration
30 The shape of a person’s earlobes is determined by a single gene. This gene has dominant and
recessive alleles.
The allele for detached earlobes is dominant to the allele for attached earlobes.
The diagram shows the inheritance of earlobe shape in a family.
parents
attached detached
children
attached detached detached
What is the probability of the next child from the same parents having detached earlobes?
A 0% B 25% C 50% D 75%
31 The diagram shows energy passing through an ecosystem.
Which arrow shows energy leaving the food web?
decomposers
A first second C third

Sun producer
heat energy - mainly from respiration
360
12
flower
plantlet

C birds of prey
B swifts D finches
A insects insects
woodland plants
361
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/O/N/14
13
snakes birds
green plants
A birds
B grasshoppers
C lizards
D squirrels
years ago?
carbon dioxide
dissolved in
seas and lakes
carbon dioxide
gas in the air
A
B C D
carbon compounds
in animals
362
14
clouds rain, hail and snow
water vapour X ground

water
living living
plants animals
rivers and
streams
sea, lakes and ponds
Which process is represented by X?
A osmosis
B photosynthesis
C respiration
D transpiration
37 Over-use of fertilisers on farmland causes the chemicals in the fertilisers to be washed into ponds
and lakes.
This causes eutrophication resulting in the following events.
1 algae grow
2 fish die
3 bacteria grow
4 oxygen decreases
What is the correct sequence of these events?
A 1→3→4→2
B 1→4→3→2
C 3→4→2→1
D 4→1→2→3
363
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/O/N/14
15
38 The graph shows part of a growth curve for a bacterial population.
population
size
time
What is missing from the graph?
A the death phase

B the exponential phase
C the lag phase
D the stationary phase
measured.
0.5
0.4
pesticide
concentration 0.3
in tissues
/ mg per kg 0.2
0.1
0
A B C D
organism
A conservation
B deforestation
C use of herbicides
D use of pesticides
364
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/O/N/14
BIOLOGY 0610/13
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*3567300897*

IB14 11_0610_13/4RP
over
2
1 Which characteristic do all living organisms show?
A breathing
B excretion
C photosynthesis
D tropism
2 What can be found in both root hair cells and xylem vessels?
cell
cell wall cytoplasm nucleus
membrane
A
B
C
D

2 skin with spots .......................................... A
3 tail with fins ............................................... C
366
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/O/N/14
3
4 How does oxygen move from the alveoli into the blood?
A by diffusion
B by evaporation
C by osmosis
D by transpiration
5 The diagram shows a liver cell.
In which way does this cell differ from a typical animal cell?
A It has a cell membrane.

B It has no vacuole.
C It has no cell wall.
D It has two nuclei.
6 Which row shows the main tissue and organ involved in the process?
process tissue organ
A excretion in humans nerve brain

B nutrition in humans platelets veins
C photosynthesis in plants mesophyll leaf
D translocation in plants epidermis stem
7 Which structure is not an organ?
A artery
B flower
C spinal cord
D xylem
367
4
8 Which process occurs by osmosis?
A plant roots absorbing mineral ions from the soil

B plant roots absorbing water from the soil
C the small intestine absorbing fatty acids into the blood
D the small intestine absorbing glucose into the blood
9 Red blood cells were placed in a dilute solution.
Movement of water across the cell membrane caused a change in their appearance.
What explains this movement?
direction of from higher to lower from lower to higher

water movement water potential water potential
A in
B in
C out
D out

368
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/O/N/14
5
11 The enzyme catalase, found in potato, speeds up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. The
reaction releases a froth of oxygen bubbles.
The diagram shows an experiment to find the effect of changes in pH on the rate of this reaction.
froth of oxygen bubbles
piece of potato
dilute hydrogen peroxide solution
The table shows the time taken for the froth of bubbles to reach the top of the test-tube at
different pH values.
pH minutes
4 4
5 3
6 1
7 2
Which pH is nearest to the optimum (best) for this enzyme?
A pH 4 B pH 5 C pH 6 D pH 7
12 Which food-testing reagent shows a positive result when it turns from blue to purple?
A Benedict’s solution
B biuret reagent
C ethanol
D iodine solution
13 Which two substances are needed for photosynthesis?
A carbon dioxide and glucose

B carbon dioxide and water
C oxygen and glucose
D oxygen and water
369
6
A cellulose
B inorganic ions
C starch
D sugar
15 In which list do all three blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?
A aorta, pulmonary artery, renal artery

B aorta, pulmonary vein, renal artery
C vena cava, pulmonary artery, renal vein
D vena cava, pulmonary vein, renal vein
16 In a person with a low platelet level, which process is slower than normal?
A antibody formation
B blood clotting
C oxygen carriage
D phagocytosis
17 The table shows some characteristics of four different plants.
The plants are growing in the same environmental conditions.
Which plant will have the highest rate of transpiration?
average surface average density of average diameter

number of
area of one leaf stomata on leaves of one stoma
leaves on plant
/ cm2 / per mm–2 / µm
A 12 42 248 19
B 25 20 250 16
C 35 52 275 18
D 36 45 150 15
370
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/O/N/14
7
18 Four metabolic reactions are shown.
1 carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
2 glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
3 glucose → lactic acid
4 glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Which reactions take place in human cells to release energy?
A carbon monoxide
B nicotine
C smoke particles
D tar

D to provide oxygen
371
8
21 The table shows the percentage composition of some chemicals found in blood entering the
kidney of a healthy person.
composition in blood
chemical
entering kidney / %
glucose 0.10
protein 8.00
urea 0.03
What is the percentage composition of the same chemicals in the urine of a healthy person?
composition in urine / %
glucose protein urea
A 1.00 4.00 0.03

B 0.00 4.00 0.00
C 0.00 0.00 2.00
D 0.10 8.00 2.00
22 The diagram shows part of the human circulatory system.
In which vessel do the break-down products of hormones first appear?
lungs
B
heart
liver
A
gut
C
kidney
D
23 Which target organ releases glucose into the blood-stream as a result of the action of adrenaline?
A adrenal gland
B kidney
C liver
D pancreas
372
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/O/N/14
9
24 Which responses are shown by the shoot of a plant?
geotropism phototropism
A – – key
B – + + grows towards the stimulus
C + – – grows away from the stimulus
D + +
2
3
1 5
373
10
26 The diagram shows a cell dividing into two.
DNA strand
DNA strand
Which process is shown in the diagram?
A asexual reproduction in a bacterium

B asexual reproduction in a potato plant
C meiosis in a woman’s ovary
D mitosis in the root of a plant
27 Some bean seeds are planted 2 cm below the surface of some soil in a tray.
Which process will not occur as the seeds start to germinate?
A growth
B osmosis
C photosynthesis
D respiration
A growth
B nutrition
C reproduction
D respiration
374
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/O/N/14
11
29 The chart shows the inheritance of fur colour in a small mammal.
If the allele for white fur is dominant, which animal must be heterozygous for the gene controlling
fur colour?
A B
30 The diagram shows the chromosomes from one person.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22
What can be deduced about the person who has these chromosomes?
A a female with Down’s syndrome

B a male with Down’s syndrome
C a normal female
D a normal male
375
12
flower
plantlet

32 Which diagram shows energy passing along a food chain?
primary secondary tertiary

A producer

B producer

C producer

D producer
376
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/O/N/14
13
snakes birds
green plants
A birds
B grasshoppers
C lizards
D squirrels
C birds of prey
B swifts D finches
A insects insects
woodland plants
35 Which process does not release water?
A excretion
B photosynthesis
C respiration
D transpiration
377
14
years ago?
carbon dioxide
dissolved in
seas and lakes
carbon dioxide
gas in the air
A
B C D
carbon compounds
in animals
37 Which statement about population growth is correct?
A The rate of population growth decreases as disease increases.

B The rate of population growth increases as food supply decreases.
C The rate of population growth increases when predation increases.
D The rate of population growth is not affected by social conditions.
378
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/O/N/14
15
38 The graph shows changes in part of a lake after it has been polluted by fertilisers from a nearby
farm.
At which time will the oxygen concentration in the water be lowest?
A B C D
key
nitrate
concentration
photosynthesising
organisms
bacteria
time
measured.
0.5
0.4
pesticide
concentration 0.3
in tissues
/ mg per kg 0.2
0.1
0
A B C D
organism
A conservation
B deforestation
C use of herbicides
D use of pesticides
379
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/O/N/14
BIOLOGY 0610/11
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*1981377663*

DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES
IB14 06_0610_11/8RP
over
2
1 Why does the energy needed by a human increase during the first ten years of life?
A Coordination and responses improve.

B Energy is needed for gamete formation.
C The body is growing.
D The diet is more balanced.
2 Which feature is characteristic of both annelids and arthropods?
A compound eyes
B jointed limbs
C segmented bodies
D wings
3 Which features do animal cells share with plant cells?
chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus
A
B
C
D
1 wings present ........................................ go to 2

wings absent ......................................... go to 3
2 one pair of wings visible ........................ A
two pairs of wings visible ....................... B
3 three pairs of legs .................................. C
four pairs of legs .................................... D
381
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/M/J/14
3
5 Which pair of statements about a plant cell is correct?
outer surface of the cell position of sap vacuole
A cell membrane outside the cytoplasm

B cell membrane surrounded by the cytoplasm
C cell wall outside the cytoplasm
D cell wall surrounded by the cytoplasm
6 The diagram shows a cell.
Which structure is not present?
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C cytoplasm
D nucleus
382
4
7 The diagram shows a section through a root.
P
Q
What are the levels of organisation of the labelled structures?
cell organ tissue
A P Q R
B P R Q
C Q R P
D R Q P
8 Which structures contain a cell nucleus?
red blood cell root hair cell xylem vessel
A key
B = nucleus
C = no nucleus
D
383
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/M/J/14
5
Which type of cell does the diagram show?
A an animal cell in a concentrated solution of salts

B an animal cell in pure water
C a plant cell in a concentrated solution of salts
D a plant cell in pure water
10 Two identical cylinders, 40 mm long, are cut from a potato. One (W) is placed in water and the
other (X) is placed in a concentrated sugar solution.
What are the lengths of the cylinders after two hours?
length of cylinder / mm
W X
A 38 40
B 38 42
C 40 42
D 42 38
11 What is a characteristic of all catalysts?
A They are broken down in the reaction.

B They are made of protein.
C They are not changed by the reaction.
D They do not change the rate of the reaction.
384
6
12 The bar chart shows the average number of chloroplasts in each of three different types of leaf
cell.
average number
of chloroplasts
in each cell
1 2 3
type of cell
What are the three types of cell?
1 2 3
A guard cell palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll
cell cell
B palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll guard cell
cell cell
C spongy mesophyll guard cell palisade mesophyll
cell cell
D spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll guard cell
cell cell
385
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/M/J/14
7
13 The diagram shows two food tests carried out on solution X.
test 1 test 2
biuret Benedict’s
solution solution
red
colour
heat
solution X purple solution X

colour
Which nutrients are present in solution X?
A protein and starch

B protein and sugar
C starch and fat
D starch and sugar
14 A person has their gall bladder removed.
A They cannot eat carbohydrates.

B They can eat fat only in small amounts.
C They can eat only liquid food.
D They must not eat more than one large meal a day.
15 Which blood vessel contains valves?
A arteriole
B capillary
C renal artery
D renal vein
386
8
16 When blood is flowing through a vena cava, which main blood vessel will it flow through next?
A hepatic portal vein

B hepatic vein
C pulmonary artery
D pulmonary vein
17 How does insulin move from the pancreas, where it is produced, to the cell where it acts?
A along nerves
B in the blood
C through the digestive system
D through the pancreatic duct
18 The graph shows the energy released by two animals through respiration as the external
temperature changes.
20
animal 2
15
rate of
energy released 10
/ arbitrary units animal 1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
external temperature / °C
Which conclusion can be drawn from the graph?
A Animals 1 and 2 release the least energy at 23 °C.

B Animal 2 always respires faster than animal 1.
C As the temperature rises, respiration always increases.
D The rate of respiration is the same for both animals at 23 °C.
387
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/M/J/14
9
19 The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest, over a period of 30
seconds.
2
volume
of air in
lungs 1
/ dm3
0
0 30
time / s
Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person immediately
after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise?
A B
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s
C D
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s
388
10
20 Four word equations are shown.
P carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
Q glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
R glucose → lactic acid
S glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide
What are the equations for anaerobic respiration in humans and anaerobic respiration in yeast?
anaerobic anaerobic
respiration respiration
in humans in yeast
A Q P
B Q S
C R P
D R S
21 Which organs remove excretory products from the blood?
A bladder and liver

B bladder and lungs
C kidneys and bladder
D lungs and kidneys
389
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/M/J/14
11
22 The diagram shows a simple reflex arc.
2
sensory neurone
3
activated
muscle
stimulated
4
receptor
stimulated
knee tapped here
1
motor neurone
activated
What is the correct order of events after the knee is tapped?
A 1→2→3→4
B 1→4→2→3
C 4→2→1→3
D 4→3→2→1
390
12
23 The graph shows the effect of an antibiotic treatment on bacterial populations in the blood.
start of
antibiotic
treatment
bacterial
population
0 10
time / days
What conclusion can be drawn from the graph?
A Antibiotics are effective against viral and bacterial infections.

B Antibiotics cause reduction division in bacteria.
C Antibiotics take ten days to kill all bacteria.
D Before the start of antibiotic treatment the bacterial population was rising.
24 What are involved in reproduction in both animals and plants?
A ovary and embryo

B ovary and testes
C ovule and stigma
D uterus and embryo
25 The diagram shows different parts of the female reproductive organs where different methods of
birth control can be used.
Where should a diaphragm be placed before intercourse if a couple do not want a baby?
A
B
D
C
391
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/M/J/14
13
26 The diagram shows an experiment on germination. Groups of test-tubes were set up as shown.
The groups were placed in different conditions.
1 2 3
oil
deoxygenated
water
seeds
dry cotton
wool
wet cotton wool
Which table shows the results?
A condition 1 2 3
in the dark
in the light
B condition 1 2 3
in the dark
in the light
C condition 1 2 3
in the dark
in the light
D condition 1 2 3
in the dark
in the light
key
= seeds germinate
= seeds do not germinate
392
14
27 In arthropods, growth occurs only after the exoskeleton is shed and before the new one hardens.
Which graph shows a typical growth curve for an arthropod?
A B
length of length of
arthropod arthropod
time time
C D
length of length of
arthropod arthropod
time time
28 The graph shows the masses of two different types of tomato.
type 1 type 2
number of
tomatoes
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

mass / g
What can be concluded from the graph?
A Genes do not affect the mass of tomatoes.

B Type 1 tomatoes show continuous variation.
C Type 2 tomatoes are sometimes smaller than type 1 tomatoes.
D Type 2 tomatoes show discontinuous variation.
393
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/M/J/14
15
29 Genetics is the study of
A development of organisms.
B mechanisms of inheritance.
C nuclear division.
D variation between species.
30 What is unlikely to be affected by the environment?
A blood group
B body mass
C health
D height
31 The diagram shows what happens to the energy that enters the atmosphere from the Sun.
2% is absorbed by plants
16% is reflected
Sun’s energy
32% warms the ground
50% evaporates water
How much of the Sun’s energy is not used for photosynthesis?
A less than 2%
B about 32%
C about 66%
D more than 98%
producers herbivores carnivores top carnivores

trophic level: 1 2 3 4
If the carnivores in trophic level 3 suddenly die out as a result of disease, in which trophic levels
will the number of organisms be likely to decrease?
A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 4 D 4 only
394
16
33 The surface waters of the ocean contain a population of microscopic plants.
Which factor would result in fewer of these plants?
A an increase in the population of microscopic animals

B greater concentration of mineral nutrients
C higher temperature
D more light
34 By which process does water enter the atmosphere?
A condensation
B photosynthesis
C precipitation
D transpiration
Which labelled arrow represents photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide green

in atmosphere plants
bacteria
C D
animals
36 What are products of respiration in green plants?
A glucose and carbon dioxide

B glucose and oxygen
C water and carbon dioxide
D water and oxygen
395
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/M/J/14
17
37 In 2005, fifteen mice were set free on an island where mice had never lived before. The table
shows how their population changed over the next three years.
mouse
year
population
2005 15
2006 62
2007 237
2008 965
What caused the population change shown in the table?
A lack of food
B lack of predators
C lack of space
D lack of water
38 What is reduced when untreated sewage is released into rivers?
A the amount of nitrate

B the concentration of carbon dioxide
C the concentration of oxygen
D the number of bacteria
A farmer sprays his cabbages with pesticide.
Which organisms does the farmer want to kill?
A B C D
cabbages greenflies beetles small birds
40 Which pollutants of water can lead to eutrophication?
fertilisers herbicides insecticides sewage
A
B
C
D
396
© UCLES 2014 0610/11/M/J/14
BIOLOGY 0610/12
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*7039247184*

IB14 06_0610_12/4RP
over
2
1 Growth is a characteristic feature of living organisms.
Which process provides the energy for growth?
A excretion
B movement
C respiration
D sensitivity
2 The table shows the number of animals collected in a sample from some woodland and the
groups to which they belong.
animal group number in sample
annelids 8
arachnids 10
insects 80
molluscs 40
myriapods 7
nematodes 15
How many arthropods were collected?
A 33 B 97 C 120 D 160
3 The diagram shows some animal cells, as seen under the microscope.
What will be present at X?
A one cell membrane

B one cell wall
C two cell membranes
D two cell walls
398
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/M/J/14
3

5 The diagram shows a spongy mesophyll cell.
Which structures indicate that this is a plant cell?
A P and S B Q and R C R and P D S and Q
399
4
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C cytoplasm
D nucleus
7 The diagram shows blood passing through an arteriole into a capillary. Part of the capillary wall
has been cut away to show the blood.
direction of blood flow
Q
P
What is the level of organisation of the structures labelled P and Q?
P Q
A organ cell
B organ tissue
C tissue cell
D tissue tissue
400
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/M/J/14
5
A key
B = nucleus
C = no nucleus
D
9 The diagram shows the movement of a concentrated sugar solution up a glass tube. The glass
tube is connected firmly to a hollowed-out carrot.
at the start after 2 hours
glass tube
carrot watertight seal
concentrated
sugar solution
dilute
sugar solution
at the start after two hours
Why does the sugar solution in the glass tube rise?
A Sugar molecules move across the carrot tissue into the glass tube.
B Sugar molecules move across the carrot tissue into the beaker.
C Water molecules move across the carrot tissue into the glass tube.
D Water molecules move across the carrot tissue into the beaker.
401
6
10 A plant absorbs water and oxygen into its roots.
How are these substances absorbed?
water oxygen
A diffusion transpiration
B osmosis diffusion
C transpiration osmosis
D transpiration transpiration
11 The diagram shows the lock and key model of enzyme action.
1 2
Which is the enzyme and which is the substrate?
enzyme substrate
A 1 2
B 1 3
C 3 1
D 3 2
12 The table shows the temperature and pH at which four different enzymes are most active.
Which enzyme is a protease from the stomach?
optimum temperature
optimum pH
/ °C
A 25 10
B 37 7
C 40 2
D 50 5
402
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/M/J/14
7
13 The data show the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion.
total sugar including

starch
reducing sugar
/ g per 100g
/ g per 100g
3.7 0
The onion is tested with Benedict’s solution and iodine solution.
Which set of results is correct?
Benedict’s iodine
solution solution
A blue blue-black
B blue brown
C brick red blue-black
D brick red brown
14 The small intestines of cows are similar in general structure and function to the small intestines of
humans.
A disease in cows reduces the number of villi in their small intestines.
The cows lose weight and become weak.
What explains this?
A less amylase produced

B less peristalsis
C slower absorption of nutrients
D slower digestion of proteins
15 The diagram shows a palisade cell.
In which region is starch stored?
403
8
16 Which heart valves are open and which are closed when blood passes out of the right ventricle
towards the lungs?
A bicuspid (mitral) valve closed, tricuspid valve open

B bicuspid (mitral) valve open, semi-lunar valve closed
C tricuspid valve closed, semi-lunar valve open
D tricuspid valve open, bicuspid (mitral) valve open
17 A decrease in which factor normally causes transpiration rate to increase?
A humidity
B light intensity
C stomatal opening
D temperature
18 What is the path of water through a plant?
A cortex cells → xylem → stomata → roots
B root hair → xylem → mesophyll cells → stomata
C roots → cortex cells → stomata → phloem
D roots → root hair → stomata → xylem
19 What contains the greatest concentration of lactic acid?
A a bottle of alcoholic drink

B a loaf of freshly baked bread
C muscle cells during vigorous exercise
D yeast cells kept in glucose at 70 °C for 30 minutes
20 Which two statements describe the effects of smoking cigarettes?
1 Cilia beat more quickly.

2 Cilia beat more slowly.
3 Goblet cells stop producing mucus.
4 Goblet cells produce more mucus.
404
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/M/J/14
9
21 A sample of expired air is collected in a gas jar. Another gas jar contains normal atmospheric air.
A lighted candle is placed inside each gas jar as shown. The time taken for each flame to go out
is measured. As the candles burn they use up the oxygen available in the jar.
lid
air
sample
candle
gas jar X gas jar Y
The table shows the results of this experiment.
time for candle flame

gas jar
to go out / s
X 15
Y 9
What is an explanation of the difference between the results in jars X and Y?
A Jar X contains atmospheric air which has more carbon dioxide.

B Jar X contains expired air which has more carbon dioxide.
C Jar Y contains atmospheric air which has less oxygen.
D Jar Y contains expired air which has less oxygen.
405
10
22 The diagram shows the human urinary system.
What is the part labelled X?
A renal artery
B renal vein
C ureter
D urethra
23 Which responses occur when a person is too hot?
sweat blood vessels supplying

shivering
produced skin capillaries
A no yes constricted
B no yes dilated
C yes no constricted
D yes no dilated
406
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/M/J/14
11
24 The diagram shows the shoot of a seedling, fixed to a rotating platform that is being lit from one
side only.
rotates four times

per hour
shoot of
light seedling
damp
cotton wool
The platform was allowed to rotate for two days, then it was left stationary for a further two days.
Which diagram shows the appearance of the seedling after this four-day period?
A B C D
25 How will the composition of a pregnant woman’s blood change as it passes through the placenta?
concentration of concentration of
dissolved nutrients urea
407
12
26 The diagram shows the female reproductive system.
3
2
1
4
At which labelled points are sperms and ova released?
sperms ova
A 3 2
B 4 2
C 5 1
D 5 3
A B
length of length of
arthropod arthropod
time time
C D
length of length of
arthropod arthropod
time time
408
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/M/J/14
13
28 The graph shows changes in dry mass as a seed germinates and becomes a seedling.
At which point is it respiring and photosynthesising at the same rate?
dry mass
C
A
B
time
29 Which statement is true of both chromosomes and genes?
A Each codes for a specific protein.

B Each may be copied and passed on in mitosis.
C Each may be either dominant or recessive.
D Each may exist as two or more alleles.
C nuclear division.
A blood group
B body mass
C health
D height
409
14
16% is reflected
Sun’s energy
A less than 2%
B about 32%
C about 66%
D more than 98%

D more light
Which letter represents transpiration?
A rain, hail
clouds and snow
ground
water
water living
vapour living animals
in air D plants
B
C rivers and
streams
sea, lakes
and ponds
410
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/M/J/14
15

bacteria
C D
animals

D water and oxygen


411
16
A B C D
40 What is an effect of pollution by nuclear fall-out?
A deforestation
B eutrophication
C global warming
D increased mutation rate
412
© UCLES 2014 0610/12/M/J/14

BIOLOGY 0610/13
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*8553383965*

IB14 06_0610_13/FP
over
2
1 Why does the energy needed by a human increase during the first ten years of life?
A Coordination and responses improve.

B Energy is needed for gamete formation.
C The body is growing.
D The diet is more balanced.
2 Which features do animal cells share with plant cells?
chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus
A
B
C
D
3 Which feature is characteristic of both annelids and arthropods?
A compound eyes
B jointed limbs
C segmented bodies
D wings

414
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/M/J/14
3
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C cytoplasm
D nucleus
6 Which pair of statements about a plant cell is correct?
outer surface of the cell position of sap vacuole
A cell membrane outside the cytoplasm

B cell membrane surrounded by the cytoplasm
C cell wall outside the cytoplasm
D cell wall surrounded by the cytoplasm
Which type of cell does the diagram show?
A an animal cell in a concentrated solution of salts

B an animal cell in pure water
C a plant cell in a concentrated solution of salts
D a plant cell in pure water
415
4
8 The diagram shows a section through a root.
P
Q
What are the levels of organisation of the labelled structures?
cell organ tissue
A P Q R
B P R Q
C Q R P
D R Q P
9 Two identical cylinders, 40 mm long, are cut from a potato. One (W) is placed in water and the
other (X) is placed in a concentrated sugar solution.
What are the lengths of the cylinders after two hours?
length of cylinder / mm
W X
A 38 40
B 38 42
C 40 42
D 42 38
416
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/M/J/14
5
A key
B = nucleus
C = no nucleus
D
11 What is a characteristic of all catalysts?
A They are broken down in the reaction.

B They are made of protein.
C They are not changed by the reaction.
D They do not change the rate of the reaction.
12 The bar chart shows the average number of chloroplasts in each of three different types of leaf
cell.
average number
of chloroplasts
in each cell
1 2 3
type of cell
What are the three types of cell?
1 2 3
A guard cell palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll
cell cell
B palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll guard cell
cell cell
C spongy mesophyll guard cell palisade mesophyll
cell cell
D spongy mesophyll palisade mesophyll guard cell
cell cell
417
6
13 Which blood vessel contains valves?
A arteriole
B capillary
C renal artery
D renal vein
14 The diagram shows two food tests carried out on solution X.
test 1 test 2
biuret Benedict’s
solution solution
red
colour
heat
solution X purple solution X

colour
Which nutrients are present in solution X?
A protein and starch

B protein and sugar
C starch and fat
D starch and sugar
15 A person has their gall bladder removed.
A They cannot eat carbohydrates.

B They can eat fat only in small amounts.
C They can eat only liquid food.
D They must not eat more than one large meal a day.
418
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/M/J/14
7
16 The graph shows the energy released by two animals through respiration as the external
temperature changes.
20
animal 2
15
rate of
energy released 10
/ arbitrary units animal 1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
external temperature / °C
Which conclusion can be drawn from the graph?
A Animals 1 and 2 release the least energy at 23 °C.

B Animal 2 always respires faster than animal 1.
C As the temperature rises, respiration always increases.
D The rate of respiration is the same for both animals at 23 °C.
17 When blood is flowing through a vena cava, which main blood vessel will it flow through next?
A hepatic portal vein

B hepatic vein
C pulmonary artery
D pulmonary vein
18 How does insulin move from the pancreas, where it is produced, to the cell where it acts?
A along nerves
B in the blood
C through the digestive system
D through the pancreatic duct
419
8
19 The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest, over a period of 30
seconds.
2
volume
of air in
lungs 1
/ dm3
0
0 30
time / s
Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person immediately
after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise?
A B
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s
C D
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s
20 Which organs remove excretory products from the blood?
A bladder and liver

B bladder and lungs
C kidneys and bladder
D lungs and kidneys
420
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/M/J/14
9
21 The diagram shows a simple reflex arc.
2
sensory neurone
3
activated
muscle
stimulated
4
receptor
stimulated
knee tapped here
1
motor neurone
activated
What is the correct order of events after the knee is tapped?
A 1→2→3→4
B 1→4→2→3
C 4→2→1→3
D 4→3→2→1
22 Four word equations are shown.
P carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
Q glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
R glucose → lactic acid
S glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide
What are the equations for anaerobic respiration in humans and anaerobic respiration in yeast?
anaerobic anaerobic
respiration respiration
in humans in yeast
A Q P
B Q S
C R P
D R S
421
10
23 The diagram shows different parts of the female reproductive organs where different methods of
birth control can be used.
Where should a diaphragm be placed before intercourse if a couple do not want a baby?
A
B
D
C
24 The graph shows the effect of an antibiotic treatment on bacterial populations in the blood.
start of
antibiotic
treatment
bacterial
population
0 10
time / days
What conclusion can be drawn from the graph?
A Antibiotics are effective against viral and bacterial infections.

B Antibiotics cause reduction division in bacteria.
C Antibiotics take ten days to kill all bacteria.
D Before the start of antibiotic treatment the bacterial population was rising.
25 What are involved in reproduction in both animals and plants?
A ovary and embryo

B ovary and testes
C ovule and stigma
D uterus and embryo
422
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/M/J/14
11
26 The diagram shows an experiment on germination. Groups of test-tubes were set up as shown.
The groups were placed in different conditions.
1 2 3
oil
deoxygenated
water
seeds
dry cotton
wool
wet cotton wool
Which table shows the results?
A condition 1 2 3
in the dark
in the light
B condition 1 2 3
in the dark
in the light
C condition 1 2 3
in the dark
in the light
D condition 1 2 3
in the dark
in the light
key
= seeds germinate
= seeds do not germinate
423
12
27 The graph shows the masses of two different types of tomato.
type 1 type 2
number of
tomatoes
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

mass / g
What can be concluded from the graph?
A Genes do not affect the mass of tomatoes.

B Type 1 tomatoes show continuous variation.
C Type 2 tomatoes are sometimes smaller than type 1 tomatoes.
D Type 2 tomatoes show discontinuous variation.
A B
length of length of
arthropod arthropod
time time
C D
length of length of
arthropod arthropod
time time
424
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/M/J/14
13

C nuclear division.
A blood group
B body mass
C health
D height
16% is reflected
Sun’s energy
A less than 2%
B about 32%
C about 66%
D more than 98%
425
14

D water and oxygen

D more light
35 By which process does water enter the atmosphere?
A condensation
B photosynthesis
C precipitation
D transpiration

bacteria
C D
animals
426
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/M/J/14
15

38 In 2005, fifteen mice were set free on an island where mice had never lived before. The table
shows how their population changed over the next three years.
mouse
year
population
2005 15
2006 62
2007 237
2008 965
What caused the population change shown in the table?
A lack of food
B lack of predators
C lack of space
D lack of water
A B C D
40 Which pollutants of water can lead to eutrophication?
fertilisers herbicides insecticides sewage
A
B
C
D
427
© UCLES 2014 0610/13/M/J/14
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate of Secondary Education
BIOLOGY 0610/11
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*7331630561*

Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
IB13 11_0610_11/4RP
over
2
1 Which process provides the raw materials needed for tissue repair?
A excretion
B growth
C nutrition
D respiration
2 The diagram shows an arthropod.
How many pairs of jointed legs does this arthropod have?
A 2 B 20 C 21 D 40
3 Which group does not contain animals that are arthropods?
A annelids
B arachnids
C crustaceans
D insects
429
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/O/N/13
3
4 Keys are used in biological identification.
Which statement may appear in a key and alone could identify one of the plants in the diagrams?
A The plant has a single deep root with small branches.

B The plant has many similar roots, arising from a single point.
C The plant has one flower on the stem.
D The plant has pointed leaves.
5 The diagrams show a leaf cell before and after staining with iodine solution.
before staining after staining
green blue-black
colour change
Which substance causes the iodine solution to change colour?
A chlorophyll
B protein
C reducing sugar
D starch
430
4
6 The diagram shows a cell seen under the light microscope.
P Q
Which labels are correct?
P Q
A cell membrane cytoplasm

B cell membrane vacuole
C cell wall cytoplasm
D cell wall vacuole
7 Which is a tissue and which is an organ?
tissue organ
A a group of liver cells xylem

B a group of palisade cells the stomach
C the brain a root
D the reproductive system the liver
8 Which series of terms is listed in order of increasing level of organisation?
A cell → organ → tissue → organ system
B cell → tissue → organ → organ system
C tissue → cell → organ → organ system
D tissue → organ → organ system → cell
431
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/O/N/13
5
9 The diagram shows six cells.
P Q R
S T U
Which are plant cells and which are animal cells?
plant cells animal cells
A P, Q and U R, S and T
B P, R, S and T Q and U
C Q and T P, R, S and U
D R, S and U P, Q and T
10 Which diagram shows the appearance of a plant cell several minutes after it has been placed in a
concentrated solution of sugar?
A B
C D
432
6
11 The diagrams show an experiment when set up and the same experiment two hours later.
when set up two hours later
partially
permeable
membrane
dye has
concentrated moved
sugar solution pure into this
coloured with dye water side
What explains the movement of water and dye?
movement of water movement of dye
A diffusion osmosis
B osmosis diffusion
C osmosis translocation
D translocation diffusion
12 Which statement is correct for all catalysts?
A They are enzymes.

B They are proteins.
C They speed up chemical reactions.
D They work in living organisms.
13 Two enzyme-controlled reactions are shown.
enzyme 1
amino acids proteins
enzyme 2
proteins amino acids
From these reactions, what deduction can be made about enzymes?
A Enzyme 1 has been changed to enzyme 2.

B Enzyme 2 slows down the production of amino acids.
C Enzymes can build up large molecules.
D Enzymes only break down large molecules.
433
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/O/N/13
7
14 The diagram shows two food molecules before and after they have been digested by enzymes.
R
P
Q
S
before after
What identifies the products of fat digestion?
15 Four foods were tested for each of the following nutrients:
fat (using ethanol);

protein (using the biuret test);
reducing sugar (using Benedict’s solution),
Which food contains protein and fat?
colour of result of food test

purple / lilac brick-red / orange milky-white
A key
B = nutrient present
C = nutrient absent
D
434
8
16 The graphs show the quantities of selected vitamins and mineral ions in four foods.
vitamin C vitamin D iron calcium

mg per 100 g µg per 100 g mg per 100 g mg per 100 g
30 15 3 150
20 10 2 100
10 5 1 50
0 0 0 0
beans
egg
fish
fruit
beans
egg
fish
fruit
beans
egg
fish
fruit
beans
egg
fish
fruit
Which food is the richest source of the vitamin or mineral ions essential for the transport of
oxygen by the blood?
A beans
B egg
C fish
D fruit
435
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/O/N/13
9
17 The diagram shows the circulatory system of a mammal.
capillary
network
in lungs
right atrium left atrium
right ventricle left ventricle
capillary network
in body organs
What describes the blood in vessels X and Y?
X Y
A deoxygenated deoxygenated
B deoxygenated oxygenated
C oxygenated deoxygenated
D oxygenated oxygenated
18 In which order does water pass through these tissues in a plant?
A mesophyll → xylem → root cortex
B root cortex → mesophyll → xylem
C root cortex → xylem → mesophyll
D xylem → mesophyll → root cortex
436
10
19 The diagram shows two shoots at the start of an experiment on transpiration.
shoot X shoot Y
spring balance
30 g 30 g
oil
water
What are the likely readings on the spring balances after three days?
shoot X shoot Y
A 30 g 30 g
B 30 g 25 g
C 25 g 30 g
D 25 g 25 g
437
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/O/N/13
11
20 The diagram shows a section through an alveolus and a capillary.
Why does carbon dioxide move from X to Y?
A Air has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than blood.

B Carbon dioxide moves more freely in air than in blood.
C Carbon dioxide must replace oxygen.
D Diffusion of carbon dioxide can only be out of the blood.
nitrogen 80
oxygen 16
carbon dioxide 4
Where did the nitrogen in the air breathed out come from?
A It was a product of proteins broken down in the mammal.

B It was a product of respiration.
C It was in the air that was breathed in.
D It was exchanged for oxygen which was taken into the blood.
438
12
22 The diagram shows some structures in the human neck and thorax.
The lining of tube Q has cilia.
What is an important function of the cilia?
A to help in the exchange of gases

B to increase the internal surface area of tube Q
C to moisten the air entering and leaving the lungs
D to move mucus towards the throat
23 The diagram shows some blood vessels near the surface of the skin.
skin surface
blood flow
X Y Z
If vasoconstriction occurs at X, what happens to the blood flow at Y and Z?
Y Z
B decreases stays constant
C increases increases
D increases stays constant
439
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/O/N/13
13
24 A person has a high-protein diet.
What describes the level of urea in the blood leaving the liver and in the urine leaving the
kidneys?
urea in blood urea in urine

leaving liver leaving kidneys
A high high
B high low
C low high
D low low
and light.
shoot shoot
to show
of gravity

in the dark
light from
shoot one side
to show shoot
of light
to gravity to light
A key
D
440
14
26 How does sweating cool the body?
A Sweating causes vasodilation.

B Sweating decreases the water content of the blood.
C Urea and salt are lost from the body in sweat.
D Water in sweat evaporates from the skin.
27 A mango tree can reproduce by seed and by asexual reproduction.
Trees produced by each of these methods produce mango fruits.
When comparing these fruits genetically, what is the correct result?
fruits of trees grown fruits of trees produced

from seeds by asexual reproduction
A identical identical
B identical non-identical
C non-identical identical
D non-identical non-identical
28 The diagram shows a section through a flower.
2
3
After the flower is fertilised, which parts will develop into the fruit and the seed?
fruit seed
A 1 2
B 1 4
C 2 3
D 3 4
441
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/O/N/13
15
29 The graph is a record of the growth of a plant.
y-axis
x-axis
Which labels should be used for the x-axis and the y-axis?
x-axis y-axis
A dry mass number of cells

B time cell size
C time dry mass
D total mass time
30 Which environmental factor is not always a requirement for seed germination?
A light
B oxygen
C suitable temperature
D water
31 Most birds have a coloured pigment in their feathers, but in a few individuals, pigment is absent
and the birds are albinos.
Albinism occurs when a bird is homozygous recessive for the gene which creates the coloured
pigment.
If two albino birds mated, what describes the appearance of their offspring?
A all albino
B all coloured
C 50% coloured, 50% albino
D 75% coloured, 25% albino
442
16
32 In an animal, the allele for straight fur is dominant to the allele for curly fur.
A pair of these animals mate and have nine offspring with straight fur and three with curly fur.
F represents the allele for straight fur and f represents the allele for curly fur.
What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
A F and f B FF and ff C FF and Ff D Ff and Ff
33 What defines a diploid nucleus?
A a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes

B a nucleus containing two unpaired chromosomes
C a nucleus with two alternative forms of a gene
D a nucleus with two separate threads of DNA
34 A food chain shows how organisms depend on each other for their sources of energy, but all
energy comes ultimately from one source.
What is this energy source?
A leaves of plants
B meat
C sunlight
D water
443
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/O/N/13
17
foxes
hawks
toads and lizards
carnivorous
X
insects
spiders
voles rabbits
herbivorous
insects
vegetation, fruits and seeds
What type of organism is X?
A a carnivore
B a decomposer
C a herbivore
D a producer
carbon dioxide
in the air
S
R
carbon compounds
Q in green plants
P T
carbon compounds
in animals
V
U
carbon compounds in
micro-organisms which
cause decay
Which three letters represent respiration?
A P, Q and R B P, Q and S C T, S and V D T, U and V
444
18
37 In which natural cycles do photosynthesis and respiration both play a part?
carbon cycle water cycle
A
B
C
D
38 What is the correct sequence for the stages in a sigmoid population growth curve?
A lag → log → stationary
B log → lag → stationary
C stationary → lag → log
D stationary→ log → lag
39 The chart shows which species of different animals are present in rivers of different pH.
species
trout
bass
key
perch
present
frogs
absent
salamanders
clams
crayfish
snails
mayflies
6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0
pH
Which conclusion can be drawn from this information?
A Both frogs and mayflies can live in more acidic river water than trout.
B Clams and snails are most affected by acidic river water.
C Most species can live in river water below pH 5.5.
D Not all species are affected by acidic river water.
445
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/O/N/13
19
40 The graph shows the quantities of pesticides that accumulate in four populations, each at
different trophic levels in a food chain.
Which population is most likely to be herbivores?
1600
1600
1400
1200
quantity of 1000
pesticide
accumulated 800
/ parts per
million 600
400
200
200
0.02 10
0
A B C D
446
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/O/N/13
BIOLOGY 0610/12
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*8348341579*

IB13 11_0610_12/FP
over
2
How many pairs of jointed legs does this arthropod have?
A 2 B 20 C 21 D 40
2 Which group does not contain animals that are arthropods?
A annelids
B arachnids
C crustaceans
D insects
3 Keys are used in biological identification.
Which statement may appear in a key and alone could identify one of the plants in the diagrams?
A The plant has a single deep root with small branches.

B The plant has many similar roots, arising from a single point.
C The plant has one flower on the stem.
D The plant has pointed leaves.
448
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/O/N/13
3
4 Which process provides the raw materials needed for tissue repair?
A excretion
B growth
C nutrition
D respiration
5 Which series of terms is listed in order of increasing level of organisation?
A cell → organ → tissue → organ system
B cell → tissue → organ → organ system
C tissue → cell → organ → organ system
D tissue → organ → organ system → cell
6 Which is a tissue and which is an organ?
tissue organ
A a group of liver cells xylem

B a group of palisade cells the stomach
C the brain a root
D the reproductive system the liver
7 The diagram shows a cell seen under the light microscope.
P Q
Which labels are correct?
P Q
A cell membrane cytoplasm

B cell membrane vacuole
C cell wall cytoplasm
D cell wall vacuole
449
4
8 The diagrams show a leaf cell before and after staining with iodine solution.
before staining after staining
green blue-black
colour change
Which substance causes the iodine solution to change colour?
A chlorophyll
B protein
C reducing sugar
D starch
9 The diagram shows six cells.
P Q R
S T U
Which are plant cells and which are animal cells?
plant cells animal cells
A P, Q and U R, S and T
B P, R, S and T Q and U
C Q and T P, R, S and U
D R, S and U P, Q and T
450
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/O/N/13
5
A B
C D
partially
permeable
membrane
dye has
concentrated moved
A diffusion osmosis
B osmosis diffusion
451
6
12 The diagram shows two food molecules before and after they have been digested by enzymes.
R
P
Q
S
before after
What identifies the products of fat digestion?
13 Which statement is correct for all catalysts?
A They are enzymes.

B They are proteins.
C They speed up chemical reactions.
D They work in living organisms.
enzyme 1
enzyme 2

452
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/O/N/13
7

30 15 3 150
20 10 2 100
10 5 1 50
0 0 0 0
beans
egg
fish
fruit
beans
egg
fish
fruit
beans
egg
fish
fruit
beans
egg
fish
fruit
A beans
B egg
C fish
D fruit


A key
C = nutrient absent
D
453
8
capillary
network
in lungs
capillary network
in body organs
X Y
454
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/O/N/13
9
18 The diagram shows a section through an alveolus and a capillary.
Why does carbon dioxide move from X to Y?
A Air has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than blood.

B Carbon dioxide moves more freely in air than in blood.
C Carbon dioxide must replace oxygen.
D Diffusion of carbon dioxide can only be out of the blood.
nitrogen 80
oxygen 16
carbon dioxide 4

20 In which order does water pass through these tissues in a plant?
A mesophyll → xylem → root cortex
B root cortex → mesophyll → xylem
C root cortex → xylem → mesophyll
D xylem → mesophyll → root cortex
455
10
shoot X shoot Y
spring balance
30 g 30 g
oil
water
shoot X shoot Y
A 30 g 30 g
B 30 g 25 g
C 25 g 30 g
D 25 g 25 g
456
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/O/N/13
11

skin surface
blood flow
X Y Z
Y Z
457
12
24 How does sweating cool the body?
A Sweating causes vasodilation.

B Sweating decreases the water content of the blood.
C Urea and salt are lost from the body in sweat.
D Water in sweat evaporates from the skin.
and light.
shoot shoot
to show
of gravity

in the dark
light from
shoot one side
to show shoot
of light
to gravity to light
A key
D
458
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/O/N/13
13
kidneys?

A high high
B high low
C low high
D low low
27 A mango tree can reproduce by seed and by asexual reproduction.
Trees produced by each of these methods produce mango fruits.
When comparing these fruits genetically, what is the correct result?
fruits of trees grown fruits of trees produced

from seeds by asexual reproduction
A identical identical
B identical non-identical
C non-identical identical
D non-identical non-identical
459
14
28 The diagram shows a section through a flower.
2
3
After the flower is fertilised, which parts will develop into the fruit and the seed?
fruit seed
A 1 2
B 1 4
C 2 3
D 3 4
29 Which environmental factor is not always a requirement for seed germination?
A light
B oxygen
C suitable temperature
D water
460
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/O/N/13
15
30 The graph is a record of the growth of a plant.
y-axis
x-axis
Which labels should be used for the x-axis and the y-axis?
x-axis y-axis
A dry mass number of cells

B time cell size
C time dry mass
D total mass time
31 Most birds have a coloured pigment in their feathers, but in a few individuals, pigment is absent
and the birds are albinos.
Albinism occurs when a bird is homozygous recessive for the gene which creates the coloured
pigment.
If two albino birds mated, what describes the appearance of their offspring?
A all albino
B all coloured
C 50% coloured, 50% albino
D 75% coloured, 25% albino
32 In an animal, the allele for straight fur is dominant to the allele for curly fur.
A pair of these animals mate and have nine offspring with straight fur and three with curly fur.
F represents the allele for straight fur and f represents the allele for curly fur.
What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?
A F and f B FF and ff C FF and Ff D Ff and Ff
461
16
33 What defines a diploid nucleus?
A a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes

B a nucleus containing two unpaired chromosomes
C a nucleus with two alternative forms of a gene
D a nucleus with two separate threads of DNA
foxes
hawks
toads and lizards
carnivorous
X
insects
spiders
voles rabbits
herbivorous
insects
A a carnivore
B a decomposer
C a herbivore
D a producer
35 A food chain shows how organisms depend on each other for their sources of energy, but all
energy comes ultimately from one source.
What is this energy source?
A leaves of plants
B meat
C sunlight
D water
462
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/O/N/13
17
carbon dioxide
in the air
S
R
carbon compounds
Q in green plants
P T
carbon compounds
in animals
V
U
carbon compounds in
micro-organisms which
cause decay
Which three letters represent respiration?
A P, Q and R B P, Q and S C T, S and V D T, U and V
37 In which natural cycles do photosynthesis and respiration both play a part?
carbon cycle water cycle
A
B
C
D
463
18
38 The chart shows which species of different animals are present in rivers of different pH.
species
trout
bass
key
perch
present
frogs
absent
salamanders
clams
crayfish
snails
mayflies
6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0
pH
Which conclusion can be drawn from this information?
A Both frogs and mayflies can live in more acidic river water than trout.
B Clams and snails are most affected by acidic river water.
C Most species can live in river water below pH 5.5.
D Not all species are affected by acidic river water.
39 The graph shows the quantities of pesticides that accumulate in four populations, each at
different trophic levels in a food chain.
Which population is most likely to be herbivores?
1600
1600
1400
1200
quantity of 1000
pesticide
accumulated 800
/ parts per
million 600
400
200
200
0.02 10
0
A B C D
464
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/O/N/13
19
40 What is the correct sequence for the stages in a sigmoid population growth curve?
A lag → log → stationary
B log → lag → stationary
C stationary → lag → log
D stationary→ log → lag
465
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/O/N/13
BIOLOGY 0610/13
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*3932117087*

IB13 11_0610_13/4RP
over
2
1 The diagram shows how a plant, called a Venus fly-trap, reacts to a fly landing on it.
fly trapped
a fly lands on a leaf the fly is digested by juices

produced by the leaf
Which characteristics of living things are shown by the plant in the diagram?
A excretion and growth

2 The diagram shows the external features of an animal.
To which class does it belong?
A amphibians
B fish
C mammals
D reptiles
467
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/O/N/13
3
pincer
legs
To which group does it belong?
A annelids
B arachnids
C insects
D myriapods
4 The diagram shows a small animal.
1 has wings .......................................... go to 2

has no wings ..................................... go to 3
2 has one pair of legs per segment ....... A
has two pairs of legs per segment ..... B
3 has one pair of antennae ................... C
has two pairs of antennae ................. D
5 Which diagram shows a liver cell?
A B C D
468
4
6 What is a feature of both plant and animal cells?
A a cell membrane
B a cell wall
C a large vacuole
D chloroplasts
7 The diagram shows a student’s drawing of guard cells.
Which label line is incorrect?
A cell membrane
B cytoplasm
C stoma
D cell wall
8 The diagram shows structures that form the surface of the trachea.
Which level of organisation is the structure labelled S?
A cell
B organ
C organ system
D tissue
469
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/O/N/13
5
9 What is a correct description of red blood cells?
thin region in
large nucleus
the cell centre
A
B
C
D
partially
permeable
membrane
dye has
concentrated moved
A diffusion osmosis
B osmosis diffusion
470
6
A B
C D
enzyme 1
enzyme 2

471
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/O/N/13
7

30 15 3 150
20 10 2 100
10 5 1 50
0 0 0 0
beans
egg
fish
fruit
beans
egg
fish
fruit
beans
egg
fish
fruit
beans
egg
fish
fruit
A beans
B egg
C fish
D fruit


A key
C = nutrient absent
D
472
8
15 The diagram shows some of the organs of the human body.
Q
S
In which organs does the digestion of carbohydrates take place?
A P and Q B P and R C Q and R D Q and S
capillary
network
in lungs
capillary network
in body organs
X Y
473
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/O/N/13
9
17 Which statements about plant transpiration are correct?
plants transpire most when plants transpire least when
A air is dry temperature is high

B light intensity is high air is humid
C light intensity is low temperature is low
D temperature is cold light intensity is high
shoot X shoot Y
spring balance
30 g 30 g
oil
water
shoot X shoot Y
A 30 g 30 g
B 30 g 25 g
C 25 g 30 g
D 25 g 25 g
474
10

20 Which process uses the greatest amount of energy?
A gaseous diffusion
B protein synthesis
C respiration
D starch digestion
475
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/O/N/13
11
nitrogen 80
oxygen 16
carbon dioxide 4

kidneys?

A high high
B high low
C low high
D low low
476
12
skin surface
blood flow
X Y Z
Y Z
24 At night, a man looks at the stars and then begins to read a map using a bright lamp.
How do the shape of his lenses and the size of his pupils change?
lenses pupils
A fatter larger
B fatter smaller
C thinner larger
D thinner smaller
25 What is the main function of sweating?
A to excrete urea
B to remove excess salts
C to clean the pores
D to cool the body
477
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/O/N/13
13
26 Which method of birth control works by preventing an egg from being released?
A condom
B contraceptive pill
C rhythm method
D vasectomy
Sometimes a woman may be unable to have a baby because the tube at X becomes blocked.
Which processes are prevented?
fertilisation implantation ovulation
A key
B = prevented
C = not prevented
D
28 The graph shows the growth curve of a plant.
4
3
dry mass
2
1
seed
time
At which two stages is growth not occurring?
478
14
29 The diagram shows a typical human growth curve from birth to 20 years.
175
150
125
height 100
/ cm 75
50
25
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
age / years
During which years is the growth rate greatest?
A 0 – 2 years
B 8 – 10 years
C 12 – 14 years
D 18 – 20 years
30 Albinism in humans is caused by a recessive allele.
Parents who do not suffer from the condition produce an albino child.
What is the probability that their second child will be born albino?
A 25% B 50% C 75% D 100%
31 An individual has the genotype Bb.
What is the correct description of this genotype?
A heterozygous, with two different alleles of the same gene

B heterozygous, with two different genes of the same allele
C homozygous, with two different alleles of the same gene
D homozygous, with two different genes of the same allele
479
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/O/N/13
15
32 The diagram shows the inheritance of flower colour in pea plants.
parents purple flowers × white flowers

genotypes PP pp W
gametes P p
F1 genotypes Pp × Pp
phenotype purple flowers white flowers Y
gametes P p P p
F2 genotypes PP Pp Pp pp
phenotype purple flowers white flowers
ratio 3 : 1
At which stages in the diagram does meiosis occur?
A W and Y B W and Z C X and Y D X and Z
33 In an ecosystem, what happens to most of the chemical energy in the decomposers?
A It becomes heat.
B It is transferred back to the producers.
C It is transferred back to both producers and consumers.
D It is destroyed.
34 The three-toed sloth is a mammal that lives in the forests of Central America. Sloths are eaten by
wild cats such as jaguars and also by snakes. The sloths mainly eat leaves.
What is the original source of the energy supplied to the jaguars?
A leaves
B sloths
C snakes
D Sun
480
16
foxes
hawks
toads and lizards
carnivorous
X
insects
spiders
voles rabbits
herbivorous
insects
A a carnivore
B a decomposer
C a herbivore
D a producer
sea
cows
What must occur for water in the sea to reach the cows?
A condensation only
B condensation, then evaporation
C evaporation, then condensation
D evaporation only
481
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/O/N/13
17
37 The diagram represents part of the carbon cycle.
carbon dioxide
in air
plants animals fossil fuels
dead matter
What is missing from this diagram?
A an arrow from animals to plants

B an arrow from carbon dioxide in the air to animals
C an arrow from carbon dioxide in the air to fossil fuels
D an arrow from plants to animals
38 The graphs show the changes in the populations of predator and prey over a period of time.
Which point on the graph shows a decrease in predator population?
A
C
number of
individuals
D
B
time
39 Which feature of deforestation has the greatest effect on the atmosphere?
A extinction of forest animal species

B increased risk of flooding
C reduction of photosynthesis
D soil erosion
482
18
40 In a pyramid of numbers, what does the top of the pyramid represent?
A carnivores
B decomposers
C herbivores
D Sun
483
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/O/N/13
BIOLOGY 0610/11
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*2526737671*

IB13 06_0610_11/5RP
over
2
1 Worms come to the soil surface after heavy rain.
Which characteristic of living organisms does this show?
A growth
B nutrition
C reproduction
D sensitivity
2 Which animal is not an arthropod?
A B
C D
3 The diagram shows a sea lion.
Which labelled feature shows that this animal is a mammal?
A
streamlined body
D
whiskers
C
skin
B
flipper
485
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/M/J/13
3
4 The diagram shows an animal found in fresh water.
1 body divided into segments ............... go to 2

body not divided into segments ......... go to 3
2 straight body ...................................... animal A
curved body ....................................... animal B
3 has a shell ......................................... animal C
has no shell ....................................... animal D
5 Which statement about xylem is correct?
A It carries sucrose.
B It converts light energy to chemical energy.
C It divides actively to help the plant to grow.
6 The diagram shows a bacterial cell.
cytoplasm cell wall
DNA cell membrane
How is this cell different from a typical animal cell?

B It has cytoplasm.
C It has no chloroplasts.
D It has no nucleus.
486
4
In which labelled part of the cell is sugar made?
D A
cell wall vacuole
B
chloroplast
C
nucleus
8 Which of these tissues is not part of the organ with which it is paired?
organ containing this

tissue
tissue
A ciliated root
B muscle intestine
C nervous brain
D xylem leaf
9 The diagram shows a specialised cell.
nucleus
vacuole
cell membrane
cell wall
For which function is the cell adapted?
A absorption of water
B contraction of muscles
C movement of dust particles
487
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/M/J/13
5
10 The diagram represents two liquids, separated by a membrane through which osmosis can occur.
membrane
left right
key
molecule of water
molecule of
dissolved sustance
What movement of molecules will occur?
A Molecules of dissolved substance move from left to right.

B Molecules of dissolved substance move from right to left.
C Overall, water molecules move from left to right.
D Overall, water molecules move from right to left.
11 The scent from a bunch of flowers spreads throughout a room.
How does the scent spread?
A by conduction
B by diffusion
C by osmosis
D by transpiration
12 A human cell contains a length of DNA that carries the code for making which substance?
A fat
B glycogen
C lipase
D starch
488
6
13 A student set up a test-tube containing starch, water and amylase.
How could the student test whether the amylase had digested all the starch?
A Add Biuret solution.

B Add dilute hydrochloric acid.
C Add iodine solution.
D Weigh the test-tubes and contents before and after the experiment.
14 The diagram shows the apparatus used in an investigation to measure the rate of oxygen
production during photosynthesis.
measuring
gas cylinder
bright beaker
light
glass funnel
aquatic plant
water
The investigation was repeated several times and the average amount of gas collected was
calculated.
Which two factors must be kept constant during this investigation?
A the amount of water in the beaker and the height of the measuring cylinder
B the size of aquatic plant and the amount of gas in the measuring cylinder
C the size of aquatic plant and the duration of exposure to light
D the size of the beaker and the funnel
489
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/M/J/13
7
15 The diagram shows the four types of human tooth.
1 2 3 4
incisor canine premolar molar
Which teeth are used for cutting rather than grinding food?
16 The diagram shows an experiment kept at room temperature.
tubing containing test-tube

starch, protease,
protein and simple
sugars distilled water
membrane permeable
to small molecules only
What is present in the water surrounding the membrane after 45 minutes?
A amino acids and simple sugars

B protein and amino acids
C protein and simple sugars
D starch and simple sugars
490
8
17 The diagram shows a double circulatory system.
2 3
capillaries of heart capillaries of the

the lungs rest of the body
1 4
Which vessels carry oxygenated blood?
18 The photograph shows two blood cells, X and Y.
What are the functions of cells X and Y?
cell X cell Y
A carries out phagocytosis carries oxygen

B carries oxygen produces antibodies
C carries oxygen carries carbon dioxide
D produces antibodies carries oxygen
491
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/M/J/13
9
19 The table shows the rate of water flow through a tree over a 12 hour period.
rate of flow /
time of day
cm per hour
17:00 100
19:00 120
11:00 140
13:00 250
15:00 300
17:00 260
19:00 180
What conclusion can be drawn from the table?
A Between 7:00 and 17:00 hours the rate of flow continuously increases.
B The greatest increase in rate of flow in a two-hour period is between 11:00 and 13:00 hours.
C Water does not flow up through a tree at night.
D Water flow is affected by humidity.
20 Which chemical could be used to show that cells are respiring aerobically?
B dilute sulfuric acid
C ethanol
D limewater
21 When does respiration take place in animals and plants?
animals plants
A all the time all the time

B all the time night time only
C day time only day time only
D day time only night time only
492
10
22 The diagram shows some ciliated cells from the trachea.
What is the function of the parts labelled X?
A detecting stimuli
B exchanging gases
C moving mucus
D trapping bacteria
23 Which food type, when eaten in excess, will cause a rise in the urea content of urine?
A carbohydrate
B fat
C mineral salts
D protein
A intestines
B kidney
C liver
D muscles
493
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/M/J/13
11
25 The diagram shows the eye of a person in a brightly-lit room.
What happens to distance F and distance G when this person moves into a dimly-lit room?
distance F distance G
A becomes larger becomes smaller

B becomes smaller stays the same
C becomes smaller becomes larger
D stays the same becomes smaller
26 A boy accidentally touches a very hot object and immediately takes his hand away.
In this reflex action, what is the effector?
A a heat receptor in his hand

B a motor neurone
C a muscle in his arm
D the spinal cord
27 Which row shows how one type of gamete is transported so that fertilisation can occur in a
flowering plant?
type of gamete how transported
A female in a pollen grain

B female in a seed
C male in a pollen grain
D male in a seed
494
12
28 In which conditions will seeds germinate?
temperature / °C the only gas present water
A 20 carbon dioxide water present

B 20 oxygen water present
C 0 carbon dioxide water absent
D 0 oxygen water absent
29 The graph shows the growth curves for boys and girls.
70 boys
60
50 girls
mass 40
/ kg 30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20
age / years
What is the approximate average growth rate of boys between 10 and 15 years old?
A 3.5 kg per year

B 18 kg per year
C 32 kg per year
D 50 kg per year
30 In cats, the allele for short hair is dominant to the allele for long hair. A short-haired cat gives birth
to five kittens. Two of them have long hair.
Which statement must be correct?
A Neither of the parents is heterozygous.

B One parent is homozygous.
C The female cat is heterozygous.
D The male cat is heterozygous.
495
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/M/J/13
13
31 Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that occurs when an individual is homozygous for a
recessive allele.
If parents are both heterozygous for this characteristic, what is the probability that their first child
will have cystic fibrosis?
A 0% B 25% C 50% D 100%
32 What determines the sex of a baby?
A the father’s blood group

B the father’s chromosomes
C the mother’s blood group
D the mother’s chromosomes
33 Which statement explains why the energy flow in a food chain is in one direction?
A Decomposers recycle nutrients for plants.

B Energy is not recycled.
C Plants convert light energy to chemical energy.
D The number of organisms decreases at each level in the food chain.
34 Which organisms do not get their energy by eating other organisms?
A consumer
B decomposer
C herbivore
D producer
496
14
35 A single tree is food for a large population of caterpillars. Several small birds eat the caterpillars.
The small birds are eaten by a bird of prey.
Which is the pyramid of biomass?
A B
C D
Which letter represents photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide
in air
A
fossil fuels C D
B
plants animals
497
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/M/J/13
15
cloud
tree
rain
soil
How is water lost from the tree?
A condensation
B respiration
C translocation
D transpiration
38 Rabbits eat grass and foxes eat rabbits.
What would cause the highest increase in the number of rabbits?
A less grass and fewer foxes

B less grass and more foxes
C more grass and fewer foxes
D more grass and more foxes
39 The bloodworm is found in heavily polluted water.
The diagram shows where raw sewage flows into a river.
Where would there be fewest bloodworms?
input of
sewage
C D
direction B
of flow
498
16
40 What describes eutrophication and its effect on a river?
A Nutrients are depleted in the river, causing bacteria to die. This allows plants to grow and
deoxygenate the water.
B Nutrients are depleted in the river, causing plants to die. These decompose, so the water is
deoxygenated.
C Nutrients enter the river, causing algae to grow. These die and decompose, so the water is
deoxygenated.
D Nutrients enter the river, causing plants to grow. These provide extra food for animals, which
499
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2013 0610/11/M/J/13

BIOLOGY 0610/12
45 minutes
*8237681575*
Soft clean eraser


IB13 06_0610_12/4RP
over
2
1 The diagrams show a plant at the start of an experiment, and the same plant two days later.
light from
one side
start of experiment after two days
Which characteristic of living organisms is not demonstrated by this experiment?
A excretion
B growth
C movement
D sensitivity
2 An animal can swim, has a backbone, suckles young and breathes air.
To which group does it belong?
A amphibians
B fish
C mammals
D reptiles
3 What is a feature of both insects and arachnids?
A antennae
B compound eyes
C exoskeleton
D six legs
501
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/M/J/13
3
Using the key, identify this arthropod.
1 body segments clearly visible ....................... go to 2

body segments not visible ............................ go to 4
2 body with many segments ............................ go to 3
body with three distinct parts ........................ go to 4
3 antennae longer than the legs ...................... A
antennae shorter than the legs ..................... B
4 three pairs of legs ......................................... C
more than three pairs of legs ........................ D
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
What are these cells?
A liver cells
B palisade cells
C red blood cells
D white blood cells
502
4
D A
cell wall vacuole
B
chloroplast
C
nucleus
7 Which cells line the trachea?
A B C D
503
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/M/J/13
5
8 The photograph shows a cross-section of a root.
root hair
xylem
The root hair and the xylem are part of the same
A cell and organism.

B cell and tissue.
C organ and organism.
D tissue and organ.
A by conduction
B by diffusion
C by osmosis
D by transpiration
504
6
membrane
left right
key
molecule of water
molecule of
dissolved sustance

11 The temperature of an enzyme-controlled reaction is increased by 10 °C.
How does this affect the rate of reaction?
A It always increases the rate.

B It always decreases the rate.
C It may increase or decrease the rate.
D It has no effect on the rate.
12 In an experiment, the effect of temperature on the action of amylase is investigated.
Six different test-tubes are set up, each containing a mixture of amylase and starch solution.
Which condition should not be kept the same in each of the six test-tubes?
A concentration of amylase
B pH
C temperature
D volume of starch solution
505
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/M/J/13
7

starch, protease,
protein and simple
membrane permeable

14 What is the result of a diet lacking iron?
A bleeding gums
B poor wound healing
C reduced number of red blood cells
D weak bones and teeth
506
8
1 2 3 4
2 3

1 4
17 Which words correctly complete the following sentence?
‘Transpiration is the ……1…… of water at the surface of the ……2…… cells followed by the
……3…… of water vapour from the plant ……4…… .’
1 2 3 4
A active uptake xylem gain stem

B diffusion guard gain root
C evaporation mesophyll loss leaves
D osmosis cuticle loss flower
507
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/M/J/13
9
18 The diagram shows the human heart.
P Q
S R
In which order does blood pass through the chambers during a complete circuit of the body after
it returns from the lungs?
A Q→R→S→P
B Q→R→P→S
C P→S→Q→R
D P→S→R→Q
19 An athlete takes part in a race. The graph shows her breathing rate before, during and after the
race.
At which point does her body contain the greatest amount of lactic acid?
C
breathing B
rate D
A
time
start end
of race of race
animals plants

508
10
21 What are the effects of tobacco smoke on the gas exchange system?
mucus in the airways chance of lung infection
B decreased increased
C increased decreased
D increased increased
22 What are the functions of the diaphragm and the cilia in the human gas exchange system?
diaphragm cilia
A contracts to cause breathing in carry mucus to the throat

B contracts to cause breathing out trap bacteria from the air
C relaxes to cause breathing in filter dust from the air
D relaxes to cause breathing out produce mucus
A carbohydrate
B fat
C mineral salts
D protein

509
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/M/J/13
11

B a motor neurone
D the spinal cord
26 The diagram shows the female reproductive system.
Where does implantation normally occur?
C
B
510
12
27 The diagram shows a vertical section through the carpel of a flower that has been pollinated.
pollen tube
What is the correct order of structures through which the pollen tube must grow in order to bring
about fertilisation?
first last
A micropyle stigma style ovary wall

B ovary wall micropyle stigma style
C stigma style ovary wall micropyle
D style ovary wall micropyle stigma
28 Which environmental condition is not needed for the germination of seeds?
A carbon dioxide
B oxygen
C warmth
D water
511
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/M/J/13
13
29 The graph shows how dry mass of a plant changes with time.
Where on the graph is growth occurring?
dry
mass
A D
B
C
time
30 When white-flowered pea plants are crossed with red-flowered pea plants, the offspring (F1) all
have red flowers.
If these F1 plants pollinate themselves, the next generation (F2) contains both red and white-
flowered plants.
Which statement explains this?
A The allele for red flowers is dominant and the F1 plants are heterozygous.
B The allele for red flowers is dominant and the F1 plants are homozygous.
C The allele for red flowers is recessive and the F1 plants are heterozygous.
D The allele for red flowers is recessive and the F1 plants are homozygous.
D natural selection
512
14
32 The diagram shows two pyramids based on food chains in which the producer is a large tree.
P Q
What do the two pyramids represent?
P Q
A biomass biomass
B biomass numbers
C numbers biomass
D numbers numbers
rice plant → caterpillar → song bird → hawk
How many decomposers are shown in this food chain?
A 0 B 1 C 3 D 4
34 The numbers in the diagram below show the amount of energy, in kJ, transferred through a part
of an ecosystem.
sunlight
88 000
73 000
plants energy lost
15 000
13 200
herbivores energy lost
carnivores energy lost
How much energy, in kJ, is transferred from herbivores to carnivores?
A 15 000 + 13 200
B 15 000 – 13 200
C 88 000 + 15 000
D 88 000 – 15 000
513
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/M/J/13
15
35 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle without the arrows.
Which labelled line should have an arrow head on its lower end?
carbon dioxide
in air
D
A
B C
plants
decay respiration
animals
burning
wood
fossil
fuels
36 Which letter represents the lag phase in the population graph shown?
A B C D
number of
individuals
in the
population
time
514
16
cloud
tree
rain
soil
A condensation
B respiration
C translocation
D transpiration
38 The diagram shows a population pyramid for a city.
age
males 90+ females
80-89
70-79
60-69
50-59
40-49
30-39
20-29
10-19
0-9
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
thousands thousands
What feature of the population is shown in the diagram?
A A quarter of the population is aged above 70.

B The greater proportion of the population is aged below 40.
C There are more females over 80 than males over 80.
D There is a low birth rate. 515
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/M/J/13
17
39 What are the possible effects of deforestation?
decrease in atmospheric
loss of soil flooding
carbon dioxide
A
B
C
D
40 A farmer put some fertiliser on his field. Soon afterwards, there was a heavy storm and some of
the fertiliser drained into a lake.
land with fertiliser
lake
plants
What is the effect of the fertiliser on the growth of the crop plants in the field and the plants in the
lake?
crop plants lake plants
A decrease growth decrease growth

B decrease growth increase growth
C increase growth decrease growth
D increase growth increase growth
516
© UCLES 2013 0610/12/M/J/13
BIOLOGY 0610/13
45 minutes
Soft clean eraser
*4846544150*

IB13 06_0610_13/FP
over
2
1 Which animal is not an arthropod?
A B
C D
2 The diagram shows an animal found in fresh water.
1 body divided into segments ............... go to 2

body not divided into segments ......... go to 3
2 straight body ...................................... animal A
curved body ....................................... animal B
3 has a shell ......................................... animal C
has no shell ....................................... animal D
518
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/M/J/13
3
3 Worms come to the soil surface after heavy rain.
Which characteristic of living organisms does this show?
A growth
B nutrition
C reproduction
D sensitivity
4 The diagram shows a sea lion.
Which labelled feature shows that this animal is a mammal?
A
streamlined body
D
whiskers
C
skin
B
flipper
5 The diagram shows a bacterial cell.
cytoplasm cell wall
DNA cell membrane
How is this cell different from a typical animal cell?

B It has cytoplasm.
C It has no chloroplasts.
D It has no nucleus.
519
4
6 Which statement about xylem is correct?
A It carries sucrose.
B It converts light energy to chemical energy.
C It divides actively to help the plant to grow.
7 Which of these tissues is not part of the organ with which it is paired?
organ containing this

tissue
tissue
A ciliated root
B muscle intestine
C nervous brain
D xylem leaf
D A
cell wall vacuole
B
chloroplast
C
nucleus
520
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/M/J/13
5
membrane
left right
key
molecule of water
molecule of
dissolved sustance

A by conduction
B by diffusion
C by osmosis
D by transpiration
11 The diagram shows a specialised cell.
nucleus
vacuole
cell membrane
cell wall
For which function is the cell adapted?
A absorption of water
B contraction of muscles
C movement of dust particles
521
6
12 A student set up a test-tube containing starch, water and amylase.
How could the student test whether the amylase had digested all the starch?
A Add Biuret solution.

B Add dilute hydrochloric acid.
C Add iodine solution.
D Weigh the test-tubes and contents before and after the experiment.
13 A human cell contains a length of DNA that carries the code for making which substance?
A fat
B glycogen
C lipase
D starch

starch, protease,
protein and simple
membrane permeable

522
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/M/J/13
7
1 2 3 4
16 The diagram shows the apparatus used in an investigation to measure the rate of oxygen
production during photosynthesis.
measuring
gas cylinder
bright beaker
light
glass funnel
aquatic plant
water
The investigation was repeated several times and the average amount of gas collected was
calculated.
Which two factors must be kept constant during this investigation?
A the amount of water in the beaker and the height of the measuring cylinder
B the size of aquatic plant and the amount of gas in the measuring cylinder
C the size of aquatic plant and the duration of exposure to light
D the size of the beaker and the funnel
523
8
17 The photograph shows two blood cells, X and Y.
What are the functions of cells X and Y?
cell X cell Y
A carries out phagocytosis carries oxygen

B carries oxygen produces antibodies
C carries oxygen carries carbon dioxide
D produces antibodies carries oxygen
animals plants

19 Which chemical could be used to show that cells are respiring aerobically?
B dilute sulfuric acid
C ethanol
D limewater
524
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/M/J/13
9
20 The table shows the rate of water flow through a tree over a 12 hour period.
rate of flow /
time of day
cm per hour
17:00 100
19:00 120
11:00 140
13:00 250
15:00 300
17:00 260
19:00 180
What conclusion can be drawn from the table?
A Between 7:00 and 17:00 hours the rate of flow continuously increases.
B The greatest increase in rate of flow in a two-hour period is between 11:00 and 13:00 hours.
C Water does not flow up through a tree at night.
D Water flow is affected by humidity.
2 3

1 4
A intestines
B kidney
C liver
D muscles
525
10
23 The diagram shows some ciliated cells from the trachea.
What is the function of the parts labelled X?
A detecting stimuli
B exchanging gases
C moving mucus
D trapping bacteria
A carbohydrate
B fat
C mineral salts
D protein

B a motor neurone
D the spinal cord
526
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/M/J/13
11

27 The graph shows the growth curves for boys and girls.
70 boys
60
50 girls
mass 40
/ kg 30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20
age / years
What is the approximate average growth rate of boys between 10 and 15 years old?
A 3.5 kg per year

B 18 kg per year
C 32 kg per year
D 50 kg per year
527
12
28 Which row shows how one type of gamete is transported so that fertilisation can occur in a
flowering plant?
type of gamete how transported
A female in a pollen grain

B female in a seed
C male in a pollen grain
D male in a seed
29 In which conditions will seeds germinate?
temperature / °C the only gas present water
A 20 carbon dioxide water present

B 20 oxygen water present
C 0 carbon dioxide water absent
D 0 oxygen water absent
30 Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that occurs when an individual is homozygous for a
recessive allele.
If parents are both heterozygous for this characteristic, what is the probability that their first child
will have cystic fibrosis?
A 0% B 25% C 50% D 100%
31 What determines the sex of a baby?
A the father’s blood group

B the father’s chromosomes
C the mother’s blood group
D the mother’s chromosomes
32 In cats, the allele for short hair is dominant to the allele for long hair. A short-haired cat gives birth
to five kittens. Two of them have long hair.
Which statement must be correct?
A Neither of the parents is heterozygous.

B One parent is homozygous.
C The female cat is heterozygous.
D The male cat is heterozygous.
528
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/M/J/13
13
33 A single tree is food for a large population of caterpillars. Several small birds eat the caterpillars.
The small birds are eaten by a bird of prey.
Which is the pyramid of biomass?
A B
C D
Which letter represents photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide
in air
A
fossil fuels C D
B
plants animals
35 Which organisms do not get their energy by eating other organisms?
A consumer
B decomposer
C herbivore
D producer 529
14
36 Which statement explains why the energy flow in a food chain is in one direction?
A Decomposers recycle nutrients for plants.

B Energy is not recycled.
C Plants convert light energy to chemical energy.
D The number of organisms decreases at each level in the food chain.
37 Rabbits eat grass and foxes eat rabbits.
What would cause the highest increase in the number of rabbits?
A less grass and fewer foxes

B less grass and more foxes
C more grass and fewer foxes
D more grass and more foxes
cloud
tree
rain
soil
A condensation
B respiration
C translocation
D transpiration
530
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/M/J/13
15
39 What describes eutrophication and its effect on a river?
A Nutrients are depleted in the river, causing bacteria to die. This allows plants to grow and
B Nutrients are depleted in the river, causing plants to die. These decompose, so the water is
deoxygenated.
C Nutrients enter the river, causing algae to grow. These die and decompose, so the water is
deoxygenated.
D Nutrients enter the river, causing plants to grow. These provide extra food for animals, which
40 The bloodworm is found in heavily polluted water.
The diagram shows where raw sewage flows into a river.
Where would there be fewest bloodworms?
input of
sewage
C D
direction B
of flow
531
© UCLES 2013 0610/13/M/J/13

Paper 1 Set 2 PDF

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Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

A excretion and sensitivity

2 What is a characteristic of amphibians but not of reptiles?

3 The diagram shows an insect.

Use the key to identify the insect.

1 wings present ........................................... go to 2

4 The diagram shows a spongy mesophyll cell from a green leaf.

Which labelled structures are not found in animal cells?

A 1, 3 and 4 B 1, 4 and 5 C 2, 3 and 4 D 3, 4 and 5

5 What are the features of the cell walls in a xylem vessel?

end wall side wall

Which part is the partially permeable membrane?

How does the ice keep the fish fresh?

8 What controls the speed of chemical reactions in all living cells?

30 °C, 0.2% CO2

20 °C, 0.2% CO2

What limits the rate of photosynthesis at point P?

10 The diagram shows part of a leaf in cross-section.

What shows the correct function of a numbered part?

11 The roots of plants take up nitrates from the soil.

What are the nitrates used to make?

12 Which diseases are caused by a lack of iron and a lack of vitamin D?

lack of iron lack of vitamin D

A anaemia soft bones

13 The diagram shows the human alimentary canal.

Which labelled part absorbs the most water?

How is transport in the plant affected?

A Amino acids and sugar cannot pass to the roots.

16 The diagrams show stages in the passage of water through a plant.

Which arrow shows water moving in the form of water vapour?

17 Which substance is moved by translocation in a flowering plant?

What are P and Q compared with?

A aorta pulmonary artery

19 What happens when the left ventricle contracts?

20 The diagram shows human blood cells, as seen under a microscope.

What is the function of cell X?

21 What is not a consequence of vaccination?

A Antigens trigger an immune response.

22 Which sequence of changes takes place when we breathe in?

A diaphragm contracts → volume of thorax increases → pressure in lungs decreases

B diaphragm contracts → volume of thorax increases → pressure in lungs increases

C diaphragm relaxes → volume of thorax increases → pressure in lungs decreases

D diaphragm relaxes → volume of thorax increases → pressure in lungs increases

23 After a race, athletes experience oxygen debt.

The diagram shows how the oxygen debt is removed.

lactic acid forms

lactic acid moves in

deep breathing continues,

A aerobic respiration of glucose

24 What happens as a result of deamination in the liver?

A Alcohol is broken down.

25 The diagram shows a section through a human eye.

start of experiment 3 days later

start of experiment 3 days later

How have the seedlings responded?

28 When does fertilisation occur in humans?

A when an egg is released