PNS 193:2005

ICS 43.040.65

Flat glass – Specification

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS 193:2005

Foreword

This Philippine National Standard Specification for Flat glass was prepared by the Bureau
of Product Standards’ Technical Committee on Glass and Glass Products, BPS/TC 28.
This standard supersedes Philippine National Standard 193:1989.

In this new edition, the following significant changes/modifications were made:

- deleted Type III, Rolled, Flat glass as this type is already covered in Type II,
Patterned and Wired Glass
- moved the clauses on General Properties and Quality Assurance to Annex A and
Annex B, respectively. Both annexes are informative.

In the preparation of this standard, the following documents were considered:

ASTM C 1036 – 01 – Standard Specification for Flat Glass

BS EN 572-1:1995 – Glass in Building – Basic Soda Lime Silicate Glass Products

JIS R 3202:1996 – Float glass and polished plate glass

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS 193:2005

Contents Page Page

1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 Allowable shell chip size and

2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Classification and intended use . .
5 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Test methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tables
1 Classification and application of
transparent flat glass . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Dimensional tolerance for
rectangular shapes of type I
transparent, flat glass for
special applications . . . . . . . . . . .
3 Dimensional tolerance for
rectangular shapes of type I
transparent, flat glass for general
glazing applications . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Allowable point blemish size and
distribution for cut size qualities
thickness 6.0 mm or less . . . . . . . .
5 Allowable point blemish size and
distribution for stock sheet
qualities thickness 6.0 mm
or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Allowable linear blemish size and
distribution for cut size and stock
sheet thicknesses 6.0 mm or less . .
7 Allowable distortion (Type I glass)
for cut size and stock sheet
qualities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 distribution (Type I glass) for
1 cut size and stock sheet qualities
6 thickness 6.0 mm or less . . . . . . . 13
9 9 Thickness and tolerance for
17 wired glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
19 10 Thickness and tolerance for
19 patterned glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
11 Allowable blemish size and
distribution for cut size and stock
sheet patterned glass . . . . . . . . . . 15
12 Minimum light transmittance
9 values for type I, class 1
transparent glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
13 Minimum light transmittance
values for type II, class 1
10 transparent glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
14 Transmittance for heat
absorbing glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
A.1 General properties of clear flat
10 glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
A.2 Sharp and ginther table . . . . . . . . 22
B.1 Classification of defects,
11 end-product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
B.2 Sample for visual inspection
and test of end-product . . . . . . . . 24
B.3 Requirements for packing and
11 marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
B.4 Sampling for packing and
marking evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . 25
12
Figure 1 Vision interference angle . 6
13 Annexes
A General properties and methods
of tests for general properties . . 20
B Quality assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS 193:2005
Flat glass – Specification

1 Scope

1.1 This specification covers the quality requirements for annealed, monolithic flat glass
of rectangular shape supplied as cut sizes or stock sheets. This specification is applicable for
laboratory and field evaluation only to the extent that such evaluation can be carried out in
accordance with the test method(s) prescribed herein.

1.2 This specification covers the quality requirements of flat, transparent, clear and tinted
glass having glossy, apparently plane and smooth surfaces. The glass is intended to be used
primarily for mirrors, coatings, glazing, special application, and general architectural or
similar uses.

NOTE 1 Reflective distortion is not addressed in this specification.

NOTE 2 There may be blushed or other glass quality requirements that are not addressed in
this specification.

1.3 This specification covers the quality requirements of patterned or wired glasses
intended to be used for decorative and general glazing applications.

1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Clause
6, Annex A, and Annex B of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.

2 References

The titles of the standard publications referred to in this standard are listed in the inside back
cover.

3 Definitions

For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. For additional
definition of terms, refer to Terminology, PNS/ASTM C 162.

3.1
bevel
an angled surface at the edge of a lite of glass

3.2
cut sizes
glass ordered cut to its final intended sizes
 PNS 193:2005

3.3 Defects in glass

NOTE These definitions do not apply to in-services damage.

3.3.1
blemish
an imperfection in the body or on the surface of the glass. For the purpose of this
specification blemishes are divided into three categories:

3.3.1.1
crush blemish
a lightly pitted condition with a dull gray appearance

3.3.1.2
linear blemish
scratches, rubs, digs, and other similar imperfections

3.3.1.3
point blemish
knots, dirt, stones, gaseous inclusions and other similar imperfections

3.3.2
chip depth
the measured distance of a chip from the face of the glass into the thickness

3.3.3
chip length
the distance parallel to the edge of the glass from one edge of a chip to the other

3.3.4
chip width
the perpendicular distance from the edge of the glass to the inner edge of the chip

3.3.5
dirt
a small particle of foreign matter embedded in the surface of a flat glass sheet

3.3.6
digs
deep, short scratches

3.3.7
fire cracks
small, sometimes microscopic fissures in the edge of wired or patterned glass

3.3.8
flare
a protrusion on the glass edge or corner of an otherwise rectangular surface

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 PNS 193:2005

3.3.9
gaseous inclusion
round or elongated bubble in the glass

3.3.10
knot
an inhomogeneity in the form of a vitreous lump

3.3.11
lines
fine cords or strings, usually on the surface of sheet glass

3.3.12
open gaseous inclusion
bubble at the surface of the glass which is open, leaving a cavity on the glass surface

3.3.13
processed surface blemishes
slight surface blemishes that originated in the process that can be small particles of foreign
materials on either surface or surface irregularities

3.3.14
ream
a linear distortion due to non-homogeneous layers of flat glass

3.3.15
rub
abrasion of the glass surface producing a frosted appearance. A rub differs from a scratch in
having appreciable width

3.3.16
scratch
damage on a glass surface in the form of a line caused by the relative movement of an object
across and in contact with the glass surface

3.3.16.1
light scratch
a hairline scratch that cannot be readily seen in normal daylight at a distance of 300 mm from
the viewer’s eye

3.3.16.2
medium scratch
a scratch that is lightly ragged on the edge and cannot be readily felt with the fingernail but
can be readily seen in normal daylight at a distance of 760 mm from the viewer’s eye

3.3.16.3
heavy scratch
white colored scratch which can be easily felt with the fingernail, and can be easily detected
in normal daylight

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 PNS 193:2005

3.3.17
shell chip
a circular indentation in the glass edge due to breakage of a small fragment out of an
otherwise regular surface

3.3.18
stone
a crystalline inclusion in glass

3.3.19
string
a straight or curled line, usually resulting from slow solution of a large grain of sand or
foreign material

3.3.20
v-chip
a v-shaped imperfection in the edge of the glass lite

3.3.21
wave
defect resulting from irregularities at the surface of the glass making objects viewed at
varying angles, appear wavy or bent

3.3.22
wire faults
these are deviations of the wire, penetration of the glass surface by the wire or break in the
wire in the body of the glass

3.3.23
wire line
fine cord or string, usually on the surface of sheet glass

3.4
glass
an inorganic product of fusion which has cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing.
Glass is typically hard and brittle and has a conchoidal fracture. It may be colorless or tinted
and transparent to opaque due to the presence of dissolved amorphous or crystalline material.
Glass that does not contain such added material is designated as “clear” (transparent, Class I)
in this specification, even though the finished product may not be transparent in the ordinary
sense as a result of the pattern (wired, figured, corrugated). Flat glass is also known by its
process of manufacture as sheet, polished plate glass, float or patterned glass

3.4.1
annealed glass
sheet, plate, float or rolled glass that is possessing allowable residual internal stresses so that
it can be freely cut

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 PNS 193:2005

3.4.2
drawn sheet glass
flat, transparent, clear or tinted soda-lime silicate glass obtained by continuous drawing,
initially vertically, of a regular thickness and with the two surfaces fire polished

3.4.3
float glass
flat transparent, clear or tinted soda-lime silicate glass having parallel and polished faces
obtained by continuous casting and flotation on a metal bath

3.4.4
heat absorbing glass
glass for absorbing appreciable portions of radiant energy, especially solar energy

3.4.5
light reducing glass
glass which formulated to reduce the transmission of light

3.4.6
patterned glass
rolled flat glass having a pattern on one or both surfaces

3.4.7
plate glass
glass from which surface irregularities have been removed by grinding and polishing so that
the surfaces are plane (flat) and parallel

3.4.8
polished wired glass
flat, transparent soda-lime silicate glass having parallel and polished faces obtained by
grinding and polishing the faces of wired patterned glass

3.4.9
tinted glass
glass formulated to give light or heat or both, reducing capability and color

3.4.10
wired glass
flat glass with a layer of wire mesh embedded in the glass

3.4.11
wired patterned glass
flat translucent, clear or tinted soda-lime silicate glass obtained by continuous casting and
rolling which has steel mesh welded at all intersections incorporated in the glass during its
manufacturing process. The surfaces may be either patterned or plain

NOTE In German wired patterned glass with plain surfaces is called ‘Drahtglas’.

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 PNS 193:2005

3.4.12
wired or unwired channel shaped glass
translucent, clear or tinted soda-lime silicate glass, wired or unwired, obtained by continuous
casting and rolling, which is formed into a U shaped during the manufacturing process

3.5
stock sheets
glass ordered in sizes intended to be cut to create final or cut size (that is, uncuts,
intermediates, jumbos, lehr ends)

3.6
vision interference angle
the angle at which distortion in transmission first appears (See Figure 1)

Figure 1 – Vision interference angle

4 Classification and intended use

NOTE When referencing this specification, the user shall indicate the title and date of the
specification and the type, class quality (including cut-size or stock sheets), size and
thickness of the glass.

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 PNS 193:2005

4.1 Types, classes, forms, qualities, and finishes – Glass shall be of the following types,
classes, forms, qualities, and finishes, as specified (see below):

4.1.1 Type I – Transparent flat glass

4.1.1.1 Class 1 – Clear

Quality Intended use

Quality-Q1 Recommended or intended, or both, for use in the

(cut-size or stock sheets) production of high quality mirrors.

Quality-Q2 Recommended or intended, or both, for use in the

(cut-size or stock sheets) production of general use mirrors and other applications.

Quality-Q3 Recommended or intended, or both, for architectural

(cut-size or stock sheets) applications including reflective and low emissivity
coated glass products, and other select glazing
applications.

Quality-Q4 Recommended or intended, or both, for general glazing

(cut-size or stock sheets) applications.

4.1.1.2 Class 2 – Tinted

Quality Intended use

Quality-Q1 Not available

Quality-Q2 Recommended or intended, or both, for use in the

(cut-size or stock sheets) production of general use mirrors and other applications.

Quality-Q3 Recommended or intended, or both, for architectural

(cut-size or stock sheets) applications including reflective and low emissivity
coated glass products, and other select glazing
applications.

Quality-Q4 Recommended or intended, or both, for general glazing

(cut-size or stock sheets) applications.

4.1.2 Type II – Patterned and wired flat glass

a) Class 1 – Clear

b) Class 2 – Tinted
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 PNS 193:2005

Quality Intended use

Quality-Q5 Intended for use where design and aesthetic

characteristics are major considerations.

Quality-Q6 Intended for general glazing where functional

characteristics are a consideration and where blemishes
are not a major concern.

Form Description

Form 1 Wired glass, polished both sides

Form 2 Wired glass, patterned surfaces

Form 3 Patterned glass

Finish Description

Finish 1 (F1) Patterned one side

Finish 2 (F2) Patterned both sides

Mesh Description

Mesh 1 (M1) Diamond

Mesh 2 (M2) Square

Mesh 3 (M3) Parallel strand

Mesh 4 (M4) Special

Pattern Description

Pattern 1 (P1) Linear

Pattern 2 (P2) Geometric

Pattern 3 (P3) Random

Pattern 4 (P4) Special

4.2 Flat glass shall be of the type, class, style, quality and typical end-use application as
specified in Table 1.

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 PNS 193:2005

Table 1 – Classification and application of transparent flat glass

Type Class Style Forms Quality Finish Mesh Pattern

Type I Class 1 Clear Q1

Q2
Transparent Q3
Glass, Flat Q4

Class 2 Tinted Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4

Type II Class 1 Clear Form 1 Q5 F1 M1 P1

Form 2 Q6 F2 M2 P2
Patterned and Form 3 M3 P3
Wired Flat M4 P4
Glass
Class 2 Tinted Form 1 Q5 F1 M1 P1
Form 2 Q6 F2 M2 P2
Form 3 M3 P3
M4 P4

5 Requirements

5.1 Requirements for type 1 (Transparent flat glass)

5.1.1 Edge requirements – Edges of glass shall be supplied as specified.

NOTE Edges may be supplied or specified, or both, as factory cut, seamed, ground, polished,
beveled, mitered, etc. See manufacturers’ literature for more information.

5.1.1.1 Shell chips – Shell chips are permitted. (See Table 8 for acceptance criteria.)

5.1.1.2 V-chips – V-chips are not permitted.

5.1.2 Dimensional tolerances – Tolerances for length, width, squareness, and thickness
shall be in accordance with Table 2 and Table 3. Table 2 is intended for special applications
(e.g. automotive safety glass, ultra thin glass, special industrial glass, applications other than
for general glazing, etc.) Table 3 is intended for general glazing applications.

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 PNS 193:2005

Table 2 – Dimensional tolerance for rectangular shapes of type 1 transparent, flat glassa
for special applications

Thickness Cut size Cut size Stock sheet

length and squareness tolerance
Thickness tolerance, mm widtha D1-D2
Nominal Traditional ± mm ± mm Length and
mm designation widtha
1.0 Micro-slide 1.6 2.0 6.4
1.5 Photo 1.6 2.0 6.4
2.0 Picture 1.6 2.0 6.4
2.5 Single 1.6 2.0 6.4
2.7 Lami ± 0.20 1.6 2.0 6.4
3.0b Double-⅛ in. 1.6 2.0 6.4
4.0 5/32 in. 1.6 2.0 6.4
5.0 3/16 in. 1.6 2.0 6.4
6.0 ¼ in. 1.6 2.0 6.4
a
Length and width of cut size and stock sheets of flat glass include flares and bevels.
b
Within the 3.0 designation there are some applications that may require different thickness ranges (see
manufacturer).

Table 3 – Dimensional tolerance for rectangular shapes of type 1 transparent, flat glassa
for general glazing applications

Thickness Cut size Cut size Stock sheet

length and squareness tolerance
Thickness tolerance, mm widtha D1-D2
Nominal Traditional mm mm Length and
mm designation widtha
1.9 Picture ± 0.20 ± 1.6 ± 2.0 6.4
3.0b Double-⅛ in. ± 1.6 ± 2.0 6.4
4.0 5/32 in. ± 1.6 ± 2.0 6.4
5.0 3/16 in. ± 1.6 ± 2.0 6.4
6.0 ¼ in. ± 0.30 ± 1.6 ± 2.0 6.4
8.0 5/16 in. ± 0.60 ± 2.0 ± 2.8 6.4
10.0 3/8 in. ± 2.4 ± 3.4 6.4
12.0 ½ in. ± 0.80 ± 3.2 ± 4.5 6.4
15.0 5/8 in. ± 4.0 ± 5.7 6.4
19.0 ¾ in. ± 4.8 ± 6.8 6.4
22.0 7/8 in. ± 1.20 ± 5.6 ± 7.9 6.4
25.0 1 in. ± 6.4 ± 9.0 6.4
a
Length and width of cut size and stock sheets of flat glass include flares and bevels.
b
Within the 3.0 designation there are some applications that may require different thickness ranges (see
manufacturer).

5.1.3 Blemishes – Allowable blemishes are addressed in Clause 6 and in Table 4, Table 5
and Table 6.

5.1.4 Uniformity – For cut sizes of glass with a thickness of 6 mm, or less the glass shall
not vary in thickness more than 0.1 mm over a 100 mm area.

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 PNS 193:2005

Table 4 – Allowable point blemish size and distribution for cut size qualities
thickness 6.0 mm or lessa

Blemish size Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
mm (in.) b,c,d Quality 1 Quality 2 Quality 3 Quality 4

< 0.50 Allowede Allowed Allowed Allowed

≥ 0.50 < 0.80 Allowed with a Allowed with a Allowed Allowed

minimum separation minimum separation
of 1500 mmf of 600 mmf

≥ 0.80 < 1.20 None allowed Allowed with a Allowed Allowed

minimum separation
of 1200 mmf

≥ 1.20 < 1.50 None allowed Allowed with a Allowed with a Allowed
minimum separation minimum separation
of 1500 mm f of 600 mmf

≥ 1.50 < 2.00 None allowed None allowed Allowed with a Allowed
minimum separation
of 600 mmf
≥ 2.00 < 2.50 None allowed None allowed None allowed Allowed with a
minimum separation
of 60 mmf
≥ 2.5 None allowed None allowed None allowed None allowed
a
Glass thicker than 6.0 mm and less than or equal to 12.0 mm may contain proportionally more and larger
blemishes. Table 4 does not apply to glass thicker than 12.0 mm. Allowable blemishes for glass thicker than
12.0 mm shall be determined by agreement between the buyer and the seller.
b
See 6.1.2 for detection of point blemishes.
c
See 6.1.3 for measurement of point blemishes.
d
For Q1 to Q4 only, the blemish size excludes associated distortion (See 6.1.3).
e
Provided that normally non-detectable blemishes do not form a cluster that is detectable at 1800 mm.
f
See 6.1.6 for minimum point blemish separation.

Table 5 – Allowable point blemish size and distribution for stock sheet qualities
thickness 6.0 mm or lessa

Glass area Point blemishes allowed

If glass area One rejectable point blemish allowed

< 7 square meters

If glass area Two rejectable point blemishes allowed

≥ 7 square meters
but < 14 square meters

If glass area Three rejectable point blemishes allowed

≥ 14 square meters
a
Follow the appropriate requirements in Table 4. Note these additional details for Stock sheet
quality requirements (including minimum separation requirements).

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 PNS 193:2005

Table 6 – Allowable linear blemish size and distribution for cut size and stock sheet
qualities thicknesses 6.0 mm or lessa

Linear blemish sizeb Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

intensity length Quality 1 Quality 2 Quality 3 Quality 4
Distribution Distribution Distribution Distribution

Faint ≤ 75 mm Allowed with a Allowed with a Allowed Allowed

minimum separation minimum separation
of 1500 mm of 1200 mm

Faint > 75 mm None allowed None allowed Allowed Allowed

Light ≤ 75 mm None allowed Allowed with a Allowed Allowed

minimum separation
of 1200 mm

Light > 75 mm None allowed None allowed Allowed Allowed

Medium ≤ 75 mm None allowed None allowed Allowed with a Allowed

minimum
separation of
600 mm

Medium > 75 mm None allowed None allowed None allowed Allowed

Heavy ≤ 150 mm None allowed None allowed None allowed Allowed with
a minimum
separation of
600 mm

Heavy > 150 mm None allowed None allowed None allowed None allowed
a
Glass thicker than 6.0 mm and less than or equal to 12.0 mm may contain proportionally more and
longer blemishes. Table 6 does not apply to glass thicker than 12.0 mm. Allowable blemishes
thicker than 12.0 mm shall be determined by agreement between the buyer and the seller.
b
See 6.1.5 for detection of linear blemishes.

Table 6 – Blemish intensity chart (continued)

Detection distance Blemish intensity

Over 3.3 meters Heavy
3.3 meters to 1.01 meters Medium
1 meter to 0.2 meters Light
Less than 0.2 meters Faint

5.1.5 Distortion – Reams, strings, lines and other allowable distortion (in transmission) are
addressed in Clause 6 and Table 7.

5.1.6 Squareness – The squareness requirements for cut glass are shown in 6.1.8 and in
Table 2 and Table 3.

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 PNS 193:2005

Table 7 – Allowable distortion (Type 1 glass) for cut size and stock sheet qualities

Allowable vision interference anglea

Thickness
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
< 3.0 mm ≥ 55 ° ≥ 50 ° ≥ 45 ° ≥ 45°
≥ 3.0 mm ≥ 60 ° ≥ 55 ° ≥ 50 ° ≥ 50 °
a
See 6.1 (and Figure 1) for determining the vision interference angle.

Table 8 – Allowable shell chip size and distribution (Type 1 glass) for cut size and stock
sheet qualities thickness 6.0 mm or lessa

Description Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Chip depth Chip depth ≤ 25% Chip depth ≤ 50% Chip depth ≤ 50% Chip depth ≤ 50%
of glass thickness of glass thickness of glass thickness of glass thickness

Chip widthb Chip width ≤ Chip width ≤ Chip width ≤ Not limited
25% of glass 50% of glass glass thickness or
thickness or 1.6 thickness or 1.6 6 mm whichever
mm whichever is mm whichever is is greater
greater greater

Chip lengthb Chip length ≤ 2 Chip length ≤ 2 Chip length ≤ 2 Not limited
times the chip times the chip times the chip
width width width
a
Glass thicker than 6.0 mm and less than or equal to 12.0 mm may contain proportionally more and
larger blemishes. Table 8 does not apply to glass thicker than 12.0 mm. Allowable blemishes for
glass thicker than 12.0 mm shall be determined by agreement between the buyer and the seller.
b
Chip width and length are not applicable to stock sheets.

5.2 Requirements for type II (Patterned and wired flat glass)

5.2.1 Wires (Forms 1 and 2)

5.2.1.1 Form 1 (Polished both sides) – Glass may contain waviness that does not interfere
with vision normal to the surface.

5.2.1.2 Form 2 (Patterned one or both sides) – Glass shall not contain fire cracks.

5.2.1.3 Dimensional tolerances – Tolerance for length, width, and thickness shall be in
accordance with Table 9.

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Table 9 – Thickness and tolerance for wired glass

Designation Traditional Thickness range, mm Tolerance for length and

mm designation min. max. width, mm
6.0 ¼ in. 6.00 7.60 ± 4.8
8.0 5/16 in. 7.80 9.10 ± 4.8
10.0 ⅜ in. 8.76 10.03 ± 4.8
NOTE There are some applications that may require different thickness ranges (see
manufacturer).

5.2.1.4 Wire and mesh – Diameter of wires shall be from 0.43 mm to 6.4 mm.
Discoloration and slight distortion of wire are permissible. Wired glass may contain
numerous gaseous inclusions along the wire.

a) Mesh M1, diamond shall be welded. Opening in the mesh shall not exceed 32 mm
between wire intersection measured across diagonal corners of the diamond.

b) Mesh M2, square shall be welded. Opening in the mesh shall not exceed 16 mm
between wire intersections measured along a side of the square.

c) Mesh M3, parallel strand, spacing shall be as specified.

d) Mesh M4, as specified.

5.2.2 Patterned (Form 3)

5.2.2.1 Dimensional tolerances – Finishes F1 and F2, patterns, P1, P2, P3 and P4.
Tolerances for patterns P1 and P2 for length, width, and thickness shall be in accordance with
Table 10. Check with the manufacturer for thickness and dimensional tolerances on Random
pattern P3 and Special pattern P4.

Table 10 – Thickness and tolerance for patterned glass

Thickness range Tolerance for length
Designation, mm Traditional designation
min. max. and width, mm
2.0 Picture 1.80 2.14 ± 1.6
2.5 Single 2.15 2.90 ± 1.6
3.0 Double ⅛ in. 3.00 3.61 ± 1.6
4.0 5/32 in. 3.62 4.37 ± 1.6
5.0 3/16 in. 4.39 5.42 ± 1.6
5.5 7/32 in. 5.43 5.90 ± 2.4
6.0 ¼ in. 5.91 7.60 ± 3.2
8.0 5/16 in. 7.61 9.10 ± 4.0
10.0 ⅜ in. 9.11 10.70 ± 4.8
12.00 ½ in. 11.50 13.00 ± 4.8

5.2.2.2 Patterned glass shall not contain fire cracks.

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 PNS 193:2005

5.2.2.3 Surface pattern

a) Quality Q5 – Surface pattern shall be clear, sharp, defined and free of obvious
disfiguration that affects the appearance of the pattern.

b) Quality Q6 – Surface pattern shall be free of large areas of blemishes. Scattered areas of
non-uniform surface and scattered surface blemishes are permissible.

NOTE Patterned glass can vary slightly in both configuration and color from run to run.

Table 11 – Allowable blemish size and distribution for cut size and stock sheet
patterned glassa

Blemish sizeb,c,d Q5 Q6
Quality 5 Quality 6
< 2.50 Allowed Allowed
≥ 2.50 < 4.00 Allowed with a minimum Allowed with a minimum
separation of 600 mm separation of 600 mm
≥ 4.00 < 6.00 Allowed with a minimum Allowed with a minimum
separation of 1200 mm separation of 1200 mm
≥ 6.00 < 8.00 Allowed with a minimum Allowed with a minimum
separation of 1500 mm separation of 1500 mm
≥ 8.00 < 10.00 Allowed with a minimum Allowed with a minimum
separation of 1500 mm separation of 1500 mm
≥ 10.00 < 15.00 Allowed with a minimum Allowed with a minimum
separation of 1500 mm separation of 1500 mm
≥ 15.00 < 19.00 Not allowed Allowed with a minimum
separation of 1500 mm
> 19.00 Not allowed Not allowed
a
Glass thicker than 6.00 mm and less than or equal to 12.00 mm may contain
proportionally more and larger blemishes. Table 11 does not apply to glass thicker than
12.00 mm. Allowable blemishes for glass thicker than 12.0 mm shall be determined by
agreement between the buyer and the seller.
b
See 6.1.2 for detection of point blemishes.
c
See 6.2.3 for measurement of point blemishes.
d
Blemishes not specifically mentioned shall be compared to the blemish they most
closely resemble.

5.3 Transmittance

5.3.1 The minimum high transmittance values for type I, class 1 transparent glass shall be
according to Table 12.

5.3.2 The minimum high transmittance values for type II, class 1 transparent glass shall be
according to Table 13.

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 PNS 193:2005

5.3.3 For type I, and type II, class 2, the illuminant “C” (daylight) and solar transmittance
shall be in accordance with Table 14.

5.3.4 Light reducing glass is produced in a wide range of luminous transmittance values.
The transmittance of each type and form of glass shall be as specified by the buyer.

Table 12 – Minimum light transmittance values for type I, class 1 transparent glass

Nominal thickness, mm Minimum value of light

transmittance, %
2 89
3 88
4 87
5 86
6 85
8 83
10 81
12 79
15 76
19 72
25 67

Table 13 – Minimum light transmittance values for type 2, class 1 transparent glass

Nominal thickness, mm Minimum value of light

transmittance, %
3 83
4 82
5 81
6 80
8 78
10 76

Table 14 – Transmittance for heat absorbing glass

Nominal thickness, ICI Illuminant Solar transmittance, total

mm C Transmittance max, % a
a a
Style A, min., % Style B, max., %
2.5 83 83 74
3.0 80 80 67
5.0 75 75 56
6.0 70 70 52
8.0 65 65 45
10.0 60 60 39
12.0 50 50 36
a
Straight line interpolation may be used for intermediate thicknesses as an approximation.

5.4 Tint

The tint of each type, kind and form shall be as specified by the buyer.

16
 PNS 193:2005

6 Test methods

NOTE All visual inspections for blemishes shall be made with 20/20 vision (naked eye or
corrected).

6.1 Test methods for type I glass (Transparent flat glass)

6.1.1 Ream, strings, lines and distortion – The test specimen shall be taken from the
central area of the sample submitted for testing. The central area is considered to form an
oval or circle centered on the lite whose axes or diameters do not exceed 80% of the overall
dimension. The remaining area is considered the outer area. The specimen glass shall be cut
across the width perpendicular to the direction of glass flow when manufactured. If the
direction of glass flow is not clear, testing shall be done on both the vertical and horizontal
positions of the glass.

Place the specimen in a vertical position at a distance of approximately 4.5 m from a zebra
board with 25 mm black and white diagonal stripes. (See Figure 1). The viewer shall look
through the sample at a distance of 4.5 m using daylight with a minimum illuminant of 160
foot-candles. Start with the glass specimen parallel with the zebra board (identified as zero
degrees) and perpendicular with the viewer’s line of sight. Rotate the specimen clockwise
from zero until if reaches the angle at which the distortion appears and report that angle-
referred to as the vision interference angle. Refer to Table 7 for evaluation criteria.

6.1.2 Blemish detection for point blemish (Knots, dirt, stones, gaseous inclusions and
other similar blemishes) – Place samples in a vertical position at a distance of
approximately 1 m from the viewer. The viewer shall look through the sample at an angle of
90 ° (perpendicular) to the surface using daylight, (with out direct sunlight), or other uniform
diffused background lighting that simulates daylight, with a minimum illuminate of 160 foot-
candles. If a blemish is detected, refer to Tables 4 and 5 for evaluation criteria.

6.1.3 Point blemish measurement – Point blemish size shall be determined by measuring
the length and width of the blemish and calculating the average of the two dimensions. The
allowable blemish sizes listed in Table 4 exclude associated distortion for Q1, Q2, Q3 and
Q4.

6.1.4 Blemish detection for crush – Place samples in a vertical position at a distance of
approximately 2 m from the viewer. The viewer shall look through the sample at an angle of
90 ° (perpendicular) to the surface using daylight (without direct sunlight), or other uniform
diffused background lighting that simulates daylight, with a minimum illuminate of 160 foot-
candles. If a blemish is detected refer to Table 3 and Table 4 for evaluation criteria.

6.1.5 Detection for linear blemishes (Scratches, rubs, digs, and other similar
blemishes) – Place samples in a vertical position to the viewer. The viewer shall stand
approximately 4 m from specimen and look through the sample at an angle of 90 °
(perpendicular) to the surface using daylight (without direct sunlight), or other uniform
diffused background lighting that simulates daylight, with a minimum illuminate of 160 foot-
candles. The viewer shall move towards the specimen until a blemish is detected (if any).
The distance from the viewer to glass surface when the blemish is first detectable is defined
as the detection distance. Blemish intensity is determined by comparing the detection

17
 PNS 193:2005

distance to the blemish intensity chart at the bottom of Table 6. Blemish length is determined
by measuring the perpendicular distance between the ends of the blemish. Refer to Table 6
for evaluation criteria.

6.1.6 Blemish distribution – In order to determine the separation between blemishes (See
Table 4 and Table 6), measure the distance between the two closest points of the blemishes.
The minimum separation distance between blemishes is determined by the minimum
separation required for the larger of the two blemishes.

6.1.7 Dimensional measurements – To measure the length and width of cut size and stock
sheets of flat glass, measure the perpendicular distance from edge to edge, including flares
and bevels.

6.1.8 Squareness measurement – After measuring the length and width for compliance
with dimensional tolerance, measure the length of both diagonals (corner to corner). The
difference in length between the two diagonals (D1-D2) shall not exceed the limits set forth
in Table 3.

6.1.9 Solar/Optical properties – If specified, the reflectance and transmittance of glass are
to be determined in accordance with NFRC 300. Another method of determining the
solar/optical properties is in accordance with 6.3.

6.2 Test methods for type II glass (Wired or patterned glass)

6.2.1 Associated distortion and blemish appraisal – Due to the variety of uses of
patterned and wired glass, specific inspection guidelines are beyond the scope of this
specification. Check with the manufacturer for more information.

6.2.2 Dimensional measurements – To measure the length and width of cut size and stock
sheets of flat glass, measure the perpendicular distance from edge to edge, including flares
and bevels. Measurements taken at any point must meet the tolerance requirements of
Table 9 or Table 10, or both.

6.2.3 Point blemish measurement – Point blemish size shall be determined by measuring
the length and width of the blemish and calculating the average of the two dimensions. The
allowable blemish sizes listed in Table 11 do not include associated distortion.

6.2.4 Solar/Optical properties – For patterned and wired glass, check with the
manufacturer when the solar and optical properties are required.

6.2.5 Measuring the thickness of patterned glass – The thickness of patterned glass shall
be determined by measuring high point to high point to the precision and accuracy in Table
10, using a measuring device with 19 mm diameter or greater contact surfaces. As an
alternate method, the thickness may be measured using two bars with flat and parallel
surfaces 75 mm long or greater x 6 mm wide or greater x 6 mm thick or greater.

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 PNS 193:2005

6.3 Transmittance

6.3.1. Specimens – Select two specimens, one each from two samples. For specimens
with patterned surfaces, grind and polish surfaces to a smooth finish.

6.3.2 Clear or tinted – Place the specimen in a vertical position in an area illuminated
either by daylight (without direct sunlight) or a background light suitable for observing
blemishes. View the glass at an angle 90 ° perpendicular to the surface from a distance of
1 m.

6.3.3 Luminous transmittance – Using PNS/ASTM E 308, measure transmittance by

illuminating each specimen at normal incidence with light having the spectral composition of
ICI illuminant C. Measure the ratio of transmittance to incident luminous flux by calculation
from the spectral distribution of illuminant C as defined by PNS/ASTM E 308.

6.3.4 Solar transmittance – Use PNS/ASTM E 903. Calculate transmittance for solar
energy from the measured spectral transmittance of the glass using the values for spectral
distribution of solar energy received at sea level by a surface perpendicular to the sun’s rays
through an air mass of 1.5.

7 Packaging

Packaging and packing of flat glass shall be in accordance with the best commercial practice
or otherwise, as agreed upon between the buyer and seller.

8 Marking

The following information shall be marked on each pack/package:

8.1 Name and address of manufacturer;

8.2 Trademark;

8.3 Quality level;

8.4 Dimensions (length, width, thickness), net volume, net mass; all in metric units; and

8.5 Quantity in box.

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 PNS 193:2005

Annex A

General properties and methods of tests for general properties

A.1 General properties

Conventional numerical values for the physical and mechanical characteristics of the glass
used to manufacture basic products are given in Table A.1. These values, for normal
annealed glass without any further toughening, are not precise requirements with which the
glass shall strictly comply, but are the generally accepted figures for use in calculations
where a high degree of accuracy is not required.

Table A.1 – General properties of clear flat glass

Property Requirement Method of test

Refractive index 1.50 – 1.53 Clause A.3.1
Reflection factor, % 4 – 8 (single face) Clause A.3.2
(normal incidence a )
Specific heat, 0.20 – 0.274 Clause A.3.3
Cal/g °C (0°C -800 °C)
Softening temperature, °C b 600 – 730 PNS/ASTM C 338
Thermal Conductivity, 0.68 Clause A.3.4
kcal/m hoC
Coefficient of linear expansion, 8.0 – 9.5 x 10-6 PNS/ASTM C 824
per °C (room temperature – 350 °C)
Specific gravity 2.45 – 2.55 PNS/ASTM C 729
Hardness, c (Mohs scale) 6 PNS/ASTM C 730
Young’s modulus, cm2 720,200 PNS/ASTM C 623
Surface tensile strength, d 500 PNS/ASTM C 158
kg/cm2
Weather resistance e Not affected after installation PNS/ASTM C 225
a
Rays are reflected at the interface between air and glass. When the direction of rays is perpendicular to the
interface, approximately 4 % of the incidence light is reflected each time a ray enters the glass from the air or
exits into the air from the glass. Consequently, if rays are not absorbed by the glass, the reflection factor per
sheet of transparent glass is approximately 8 %. The reflection factor increases as the angle of incidence is
decreased from the normal incidence, the reflection factor can be computed from the refractive index for any
angle of incidence.
b
Measurements were made by the method specified in PNS/ASTM C 338. Unlike crystals, there is no melting
point for glass, and viscosity continually as temperature rises. These values indicate the temperature range
for which viscosity is 4.5 x 107 poise.
c
Mohs scale
Apatite 5
Orthoclase 6
Quartz 7
d
Glass is always broken by the tensile stress at its surface. If there were perfect glass it is believed that its
strength would reach 300,000 kg/cm2. Even if the surface of a sheet of glass is free from visible flaws,
microscopic defects exist. When a sheet of glass is deformed by a number of external forces applied to it,
tensile strength is concentrated in these flaws and the glass breaks due to these defects before the total
deformation reaches the plastic stage. In practice, the tensile strength of glass varies greatly with the extent
of the flaws. Its average value decreases through fatigue if loaded for an extended period of time, and also if
the area of the glass is large, the probability of containing defects increases. The value shown here indicates
the tensile strength when a glass surface, having an area of 0.5-3 m2 right after shipment from the factory, is
loaded for several minutes.
e
It cannot be said that glass surfaces are free from flaws and weathering. However, the internal structure is not
appreciable altered.

20
 PNS 193:2005

A.2 Chemical composition

The basic glass products covered by this standard are all manufactured from soda-lime
silicate glass. The magnitude of the proportions by mass of the principal constituents of
soda-lime silicate glass covered by this standard is as follows:

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 69 % to 74 %

Calcium oxide (CaO) 5% to 12 %
Sodium oxide (Na2O) 12 % to 16 %
Magnesium oxide (MgO) 0% to 6 %
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 0% to 3 %

In addition to the above general composition, these glasses may also contain small quantities
of other substances.

A.3 Methods of tests

A.3.1 Refractive index

A.3.1.1 Principle – A glass is invisible in a liquid having the same index of refraction.

A.3.1.2 Sample – The sample is powdered glass which is made to pass through 100 mesh
(149 um).

A.3.1.3 Equipment – Polarizing microscope

A.3.1.4 Reference liquid – Cargille Certified Index of Refraction Liquids (n = 1.47-1.69)

A.3.1.5 Procedure

a) Place a pinch of the powdered glass on a glass slide.

b) Drop Cargille index of Refraction liquid enough to cover the powdered glass.

c) View through the microscope.

d) Repeat the second and third steps until the powdered glass is invisible in the liquid.

A.3.1.6 Result – Record the refractive index of the liquid at which the powdered glass
becomes invisible as the refractive index of the unknown sample.

A.3.2 Reflection factor (Normal incident)

A.3.2.1 Computation – Knowing the refractive index, the reflection factor can be computed
from the formula:

R= (n – 1)2
n+1

21
 PNS 193:2005

where:

R is the reflection factor.

n is the reflective index.

A.3.3 Specific heat

A.3.3.1 Principle – The specific heat of glass is the amount of calories which is required to
heat one gram of the given glass 1°C. It increases with increasing temperature. In technical
calculations, we assume a mean specific heat (cm) which is understood to be valid for more
temperature interval t1-t2.

A.3.3.2 Procedure

a) Prepare/analyze for the chemical composition of the glass

b) Using Table A.2, substitute values in the formula:

at + Co
c = x fraction of oxide
0.00146t + 1

where:

c is the specific heat, cal/g °C.

t is the temperature, °C.
a, Co are the factors in the Sharp & Ginther Table (Table A.2) for the calculation of
specific heat of glass.

c) Compute for the true specific heat (ct) at temperature t by the following formula:

at + Co
c = x fraction of oxide
0.00146t + 1

Table A.2 – Sharp and ginther table

Oxide a Co
SiO2 0.000468 0.1657
M203 0.000453 0.1765
CaO 0.000410 0.1709
Mg0 0.000514 0.2142
K20 0.000335 0.2019
Na20 0.000829 0.2229
B203 0.000635 0.198
S03 0.00083 0.189
Pb0 0.000013 0.049

22
 PNS 193:2005

d) Add all values of c and take the sum as the mean specifying heat, cm. Likewise all
values of c and take the sum as the true specific heat of the glass.

A.3.4 Thermal conductivity

A.2.4.1 Principle – Thermal conductivity is the amount of heat expressed in calories which
will pass within one second through a surface of glass equal to 1 cm2 under a heat gradient of
1 °C through a layer 1 cm thick. The rate at which heat energy is transmitted through the
glass by conduction depends on the size and shape of the conduction path, on the difference
in temperature between the two faces, and on the composition of the glass.

A.3.4.2 Equipment – Thermal conductivity measuring cell

A.3.4.3 Procedure

Compute for the thermal conductivity of the glass using the following formula:

Qx1
K=
A T

where:

K is the thermal conductivity, cal/cm2s °C.

Q is the amount of heat that flows through the sample per unit time, cal/s.
1 is the thickness of sample, cm.
A is the cross-sectional area of sample in vertical direction against heat flow, cm2
T is the change in temperature, ° C

23
 PNS 193:2005

Annex B
Quality assurance

B.1 Inspection of end-product

Glass selected for visual examination shall be examined for defects such as those listed in
Table B.1.

Table B.1 – Classification of defects, end-product

Defects Major Minor

Type, class, style and form not as specified x
Edges not as specified x
Dimensions not within tolerance x
Tint of heat absorbing or light reducing glass not as x
specified
Defects greater or larger than those permitted for the x
specified glass
Waviness excessive x
Labels on glass missing when required x
Damage or defects affecting function or serviceability x
Damage or defects not affecting function or x
serviceability

B.2 Sampling of end product

B.2.1 Constitution of a lot – A lot shall consist of each type, class, style, kind, form and
quality of glass offered for delivery at the same time.

B.2.2 Sampling for visual inspection of end-product – Sampling for visual inspection
shall be in accordance with Table B.2.

Table B.2 – Samples for visual inspection and test of end-product

Major defects Minor defects

Lot or Batch size Sample size Acceptance Rejection Acceptance Rejection
number, Ac number, Re number, Ac number, Re
2 – 15 2 0 1 0 1
16 – 50 3 0 1 0 1
51 – 150 5 0 1 0 1
151 – 500 8 0 1 1 2
501 – 3 200 13 1 2 1 2
3 201 – 35 000 20 1 2 2 3
35 001 – 500 000 32 2 3 3 4
over 500 000 50 3 4 5 6
NOTE The samples for visual inspection shall also be used in the tests to be conducted.
Additional samples may be required as necessary. The inspection level for this table is
Special Inspection Level S-3 (refer to ISO 2859-1:2004 for the inspection levels).
24
 PNS 193:2005

B.2.3 Sampling for luminous transmittance and total solar transmittances

B.2.3.1 Samples selected for test shall be in accordance with Table B.2.

B.2.3.2 Rejection – A lot shall be rejected when one of the samples selected fail to meet the
test requirements of this standard.

B.3 Inspection of packing and marking conditions of delivery samples

Inspection shall be made to determine that the packing and marking requirements conform to
Clauses 7 and 8. Defects shall be evaluated in accordance with Table B.3. One shipping
container shall be treated as one batch composed of different or same lots of glass. Sampling
shall be in accordance with Table B.4.

Table B.3 – Requirements for packing and marking

Items Criteria
Markings Complete, correct, legible
Materials Complete and without damage
Workmanship Properly sealed, tight and sufficient straps,
robust construction of container box

Table B.4 – Sampling for packing and marking evaluation

Lot size Sample size Acceptance Rejection

(per container) number (Ac) number (Re)
2 – 8 2 0 1
9 – 15 3 0 1
16 – 25 5 0 1
26 – 50 8 0 1
over 50 13 1 2
NOTE If the rejection number is reached the shipment shall be put on hold and will be
subject to buyer-seller negotiation. The inspection level used for this table is General
Inspection Level 2 at 4.0 AOL 9 refer to ISO 2859-1:2004 for the inspection levels).

25
References PNS 193:2005

The following standards contain provisions which through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this standard. At the time of the publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on these standards are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards
indicated below.

PNS ISO 2859-1:2004, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 1: Sampling
schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection (ISO published
1999)

PNS ASTM C 162:2004, Standard Terminology of Glass and Glass Products (ASTM Published
2003)

PNS ASTM E 308:2004, Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the
CIE System (ASTM Published 2001)

PNS ASTM E 903:2004, Standard Test Method for Solar Absorptance, Reflectance, and
Transmittance of Materials Using Integrating Spheres (ASTM Published 1996)
PNS ASTM C 158:2004, Standard Test Methods Strength of Glass by Flexure (Determination of
Modulus of Rupture) (ASTM published 2002)
PNS ASTM C 225:2004, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Glass Containers to Chemical
Attack (ASTM published 1985, Reapproved 1999)
PNS ASTM C 338:2004, Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Glass (ASTM published
2003)

PNS ASTM C 623:2004, Standard Test Methods for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and
Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass Ceramics by Resonance (ASTM published 1992 Reapproved
2000)
PNS ASTM C 729:2004, Standard Test Method for Density of Glass by the Sink-Float
Comparator (ASTM published 1975 Reapproved 2000)
PNS ASTM C 730:2004, Test Method for Knoop Indentation Hardness of Glass (ASTM
published 1998 Reapproved 2003)
PNS ASTM C 824:2004, Standard practice for Specimen Preparation for Determination of
Linear Thermal Expansion of Vitreous Glass Enamels and Glass Enamel Frits by the Dilatometer
Method (ASTM published 1991 Reapproved 2000)
 BUREAU OF PRODUCT STANDARDS
Department of Trade and Industry
Technical Committee 28 – Glass and Glass Products

Chairman Vice-Chairman

1 Nonito Galpa 2 Anna Sophia B. Mirasol

Asahi Glass Philippines, Inc. Glasteck

Members
Associations: Government/Testing Laboratory:

3 Reynaldo Dantes 6 Juan Mendegorin Jr.

Glass Manufacturers Association DTI-Rizal
of the Phils., Inc.
7 Praxedes Carpio
4 Homer Maranan BPS Testing Center
Chamber of Automotive Manufacturers
of the Phils., Inc. 8 Perfecto Braganza, Jr.
Juanita B. Salvador*
Manufacturer: Industrial Technology Development
Institute
5 John Thomson Ong
Tempco

Project Manager
9 Anne Daisy T. Omila
Bureau of Product Standards
Sub-committee 2 – Flat Glass

Convenor

1 Nonito Galpa
Asahi Glass Philippines, Inc.

Members

2 Anna Sophia B. Mirasol 5 Perfecto Braganza, Jr.

Glasteck Industrial Technology Development
Institute
3 Reynaldo Dantes
Glass Manufacturers Association 6 Dennis Alberto S. Perez
of the Phils., Inc. Asahi Glass Philippines, Inc.

4 Juan Mendegorin Jr.

DTI-Rizal

* Alternate