621380253 593 Con 9 yt Wk So Aare red Pied sian in Cana {tinue oe 9% Oe Ste Cops coon ace ee iro Comes aging i Pte Date PREFACE “This book isthe rst of vera sears of cstoom teaching. research investi tho and experiences with operating antennas Tes pina intended Tor se tthe itroducioy and intermediate levels By seniors and graduate students of ‘etal enginowing Introductory course workin Stic and dynam elec: ‘magnetics nregared background but an effort ae partly in Chaps Bo 6 not to rly heavily on the mathematics of secromagnete theory instead the engineering aspect of antenna theory are emphasized “The book covers the topic of antennas tom roughly tee vane points anleana fundamental aston techniques. andthe design of various aetna types In the frst foar chapers fundamental material stesee. Since the Feioning den tpl asta ery hie expose foatenas. many details fe fund in Chater {In that chapter the emergence of amenna theory Ror Manwlts equations sesabishe. along with many definitions of ems use Intema pectic. At the end of Chapter 1 are discussions of how anes a hed i persing systems, 30 that the stdent can develop an inmediste "pptecation forte sus of antnts Chaptr 2 examines ew spe set ‘Sates fo solidly he princpes developed i Chapter I and 1 provide spetic rte pe forthe Scion of ara i Chapter 3. The crete approach (arrays) to antennas considered early ecae the peneralreionship Beton {rented in space and adation more xs understood i that eng ‘Then the ominous Sistiboton of current follows natural he izusion coffe source n Chapter 4{survey of mot ofthe antenna types encountered in practice is presented in CChapier 5 (Wire Antennas, Chapter 6 (Broadband Antenas). and Chapter 8 (Aperture Antennas) Thexe diacusons are bound together with the analss Principles deserted in the iatroducory material. Emphasis is plced on the Understanding of bow ateanas operate and on israting commonaly among fntena types However, design princpies are incloded forthe varoos antes {apes and “rales of thumb ae often given to simply design calalations. ‘Specalved technique ate also pest. In Chaps 7, moment meds are sed to aly wie antennas of prateally any configuration. High equeney Technigues are dtd in Chaper9 wih applications o aperture antennas and hte i the presence of ground sraces In Caper 10 the topic of antenna ‘yates for line ours an near trys introdaced. “This ook can be rely adapted to various curricula. Aer the fist ve shaper are covered, any othe remaining five chapters could he skcted. The Fst x chapers ae ically suited toa one-quarter, senor course Fora sebesler Sarie, Chapter ¥ isthe lpia sion fo the Brat nt caplet. Follomon ourses at the graduate eel i ayant system could ide 4 sours sing ‘Chaplees 8 and 10 anda couse using Chapers 7 and 9. AN alternate would bea course based on Chapters and 1D and course sed on Chapters # 3nd 9 ‘Several tures have been incorporated ito the tata ade to avin Defined terms follow the ofcial TEEE (Institue of Ekta and Exetroies Engineers) standard definitions of terms Specie references to the Meare afe listed atthe end ofeach chapter s0 tat the reader may lea ter owe ‘mater on topics of particular interest The appendices prove anf dato Frequney dsinaions and condsctors and many mathemati relaionship, Compute progrars are aio presented in Appendix G. These programs ate ‘etl saving many ofthe problems ncuded at the end ofeach chapter "We ite appre ofthe astnce rccved during the weg. of the ‘manuscript Ih patcelerwe ae rata 1 the many students who provided ‘comments dig the long csstoor sing phase and the publisher sevcwers for ther valublesugestons Gary A. Thiele acknowledge collsgucs xt The ‘Ohio State Univerty and ends rom Australia who reviewed Chapters 7 and Savio ental ste conpunrprprons bs Append 7 Goad OO, io, we expres or deep appreciation wo Cynthia Wil for er cope! png of several manuscript versions Fall. we us reeogize lames foreman houts of melt thy endured In particular, oor wives Clava and Jo Ann a ta be commended fr ther pense Warren Le Stata Gary A. Tike CONTENTS 1. ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS AND DEFINITIONS 1 1 intRooucTION : 12 ttecrmomagnenc FuNoamenaLs 4 13 SoLunon OF MANWELLS EQUATIONS FOR RADIATION poate ‘ TE napIAmiOn PATTERN 2 17 Rcipnocrty Ano ANTENNA PATTERN MEASUREMENTS 40 19. ANTENNA POLARIZATION = {No ANTENNAS mY COMMUNICATION LINKS AND RADAR 7 TMT ReckIING PROPERTIES OF ANTENNAS « 2. SOME SIMPLE RADIATING SYSTEMS 2 sugcrmcaLty emacs owoLes 222 Monopole24 SMALL LOOP ANTENNAS 241" Dusiey 25 SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS ferenenees Prowuews ARRAYS 21. THE ARRAY FACTOR FOR LINEAR ARRAYS: 32 UMtORULY EXCIED, EQUALLY SPACED LINEAR ARRAYS 321 The Ana Factor Expesion 324 The Ranan-Woodynd Edin Arey a3. PATTERN muLTPuieaTioN 34. Bineenivty OF UNIFORMLY EXCITED, EQUALLY SPACED 35 NONUNIFORMLY EXCITED, EQUALLY SPACED LINEAR nnays 36 MUTUAL mPcoance 39 Paseo Annas LINE souRcES 41. THE UNIFORM UNE SOURCE WIRE ANTENNAS 51. DIPOLE ANTENNAS S11 Seat Ye Diptes Sa YAGl-UDA ANTENNAS 8 WIRE ANTENNAS ABOVE AN IMPERFECT GROUND PLANE 156 TRAVELING WAUE WIRE ANTENNAS 108 109 me te ac ‘57 SQUARE LOOP ANTENNAS Rerenences Probie BROADBAND ANTENNAS: 62. BICOMCAL ANTENNAS: 1821 Tow ininte Banca! Artes (022 Thm inte Sonica! Arerne (623 Tr OnconeAnarna 63 Sleeve anrennas 521 Seve Monopole 832 Sten Dpoe 64 SriRaL Antennas 185 Loq-rEmooic ANTENNAS. Rerenences Prosuems MOMENT METHODS 71 POCKLNGTON'S INTEGRAL EQUATION 32 INTEGRAL EQUATIONS AND'KIRCHNOFFS NETWORK Fouations 73 WEIGHTED RESIOUALS AND THE MOMENT METHOD 74 ReacnON INTEGRAL EQUATION 3S PIECEWISE SINUSOIDAL GALERKIN METHOD 151 Two-Segment Souton 152 FowSegmen Solston 153. N-Segrant Soutien 16 CALCULATION OF ANTENNA AND SCATTERER 7B SOME COMPUTATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 78 Campus Tone Conadersbone 782 Toopier trees 1188 Compresses Mates, 719° THe wine ANTENNA OR SCATTERER AS AN W-PORT Zz a a is