Heart
Oxyhaemoglobin Inspiration
Expiration
Spirometer Stroke Volume
Blood Vessels
Cardiac Output
Worksheet
1. Respiratory system
Mouth/Nose - has three
functions.
• Warms the air to internal
temperatures.
• Cilia hairs filter the air and
remove small particles.
• Moistens the air so it can be
absorbed more easily.
Trachea
• Cartilage rings keeps the Bronchi
windpipe open. • Two tubes branch from the
trachea into the left and right
lung.
Diaphragm
• A sheet of muscle below the
lungs.
• Flattens to move air into the
lungs. Bronchioles
• Relaxes into a dome shape to • Sub-divisions of the bronchi.
expire air.
2. Gaseous exchange
1. Oxygen breathed in travels to the ___________
Aveolus which are surrounded by capillaries.
Gases pass through the capillary walls.
2. Oxygen combines with haemoglobin to form ________________
oxyhaemoglobin and is carried around
the body.
3. At the same time ________
Carbon
________
Dioxide is released by haemoglobin into the alveoli to
breathed out.
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Worksheet
___________
expiration
(breathing out)
uu The ___________
Diaphragm relaxes into a dome shape.
uu The intercostal muscles ___________.
relax
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Worksheet
4. Respiratory changes
uu Breathing rate changes
___________.
uu Depth of ___________
Lungs increases due to the use of pectorals and
sternocleidomastoid.
uu When expiring the abdominals are used to force the air out more
quickly.
uu Increased gaseous exchange
___________ of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the lungs.
5. Spirometer
A spirometer measures air capacity of the lungs
Tidal volume
• Normal amount of air inhaled and
exhaled in one breath
6. Effects of exercise
uu Breathing rate ___________.
Increases
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7. The heart
Superior Vena Cava Aorta Left Pulmonary Artery
Right Pulmonary
Artery Left
Pulmonary
Right Pulmonary Veins
Veins
Left AV Valve
Right AV Valve
Left Ventricle
Pulmonary
Inferior Vena Cava Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Right Ventricle
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8. Components of blood
a. Red Blood Cells (RBC)
uu RBC’s main function is to carry ___________
oxygen to the working
muscles.
uu ___________,
hameoglobin
found in RBCs, is the oxygen carrying
protein.
uu Altitude training can increase the number of ___________.
RBC
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Worksheet
9. Blood vessels
1. ___________
uu Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
uu Thick walls withstand high blood ___________.
1. ___________
uu These are the ___________ blood vessels with walls that
are only one cell thick.
uu They are very efficient at gaseous ___________ at the lungs and muscles.
1. ___________
uu Carry deoxygenated blood to the ___________.
uu They have a larger ___________.
uu They work under low ___________ so have ___________ to prevent the back flow of
blood.
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Worksheet
Stroke Volume
uu This is the volume of blood the left ___________ of your heart pumps in one beat.
uu An improved ___________ volume increases gaseous exchange, delivering more
___________ and removing more waste products.
Cardiac Output (Q)
uu This is the ___________ of blood pumped from the left ventricle in 1 minute.
Heart Rate x
Stroke Volume =
Cardiac Output
Recovery
• Heart rate remains
elevated until oxygen
debt is paid.
• Heart rate eventually
returns to resting
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Worksheet
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