Tipe II

P1 = 2 t
q1 = 3,2 t/m q2 = 1,5 t/m

C B D S1 S2 E S3 F
h1 = 3 m

h2 = 5 m
A

L1 = 3 m L2 = 4 m L3 = 4 m L4 = 5 m L5 = 4 m L6 = 6 m L7 = 3 m

 Hitunglah Reaksi Perletakan, Bidang Momen, Bidang Lintang, dan Bidang Normal pada konstruksi tersebut?

Adji Sutama
 Menganalisa Konstruksi Gerber :
P1 = 2 t

RHS1
S1 S2

RVS1 RVS2

q1 = 3,2 t/m RVS1 RVS2 q2 = 1,5 t/m

RHS1
C B D S1 S2 E S3
h1 = 3 m

RHE
RVE
RVD RVS3

RVS3
RHA A
RVA S3 F

h2 = 5 m
MG
RHG G

RVG

L1 = 3 m L2 = 4 m L3 = 4 m L4 = 5 m L5 = 4 m L6 = 6 m L7 = 3 m

Adji Sutama
Batang S1 – S2 Reaksi Perletakan
RVS1 ΣMS2 = 0
X1 P1 = 2 t X2 RVS1 . 5 – P1 . 2,5 + RVS2 . 0 = 0
RHS1 . ,
RVS1 = = 1 ton ( )
S1 S2

RVS1 RVS2
L4 = 5 m
RVS2 ΣMS1 = 0
0 0 - RVS2 . 5 + P1 . 2,5 + RVS1 . 0 = 0
M
+ . ,
RVS2 = = 1 ton ( )
2,5 tm

1t 1t
+ ΣV = 0
Q
-
-1 t -1 t RVS1 + RVS2 – P1 = 0
1+1–2=0
N 0 0 0=0

ΣH = 0
RHS1 = 0

Adji Sutama
Bidang Momen Daerah S2 – P1 ( 0 ≤ X2 ≤ 2,5 )
Daerah S1 – P1 ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 2,5 ) QX2 = - RVS2 = - 1
MX1 = RVS1 . X1 = X1 X2 = 0 QS2 = - 1 ton
X1 = 0 MS1 = 0 tm X2 = 2,5 QP1 = - 1 ton
X1 = 2,5 MP1 = 2,5 tm
Bidang Normal
Daerah S2 – P1 ( 0 ≤ X2 ≤ 2,5 ) Daerah S1 – P1 ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 2,5 )
MX2 = RVS2 . X2 = X2 NX1 = - RHS1 = 0
X2 = 0 MS2 = 0 tm X1 = 0 NS1 = 0 ton
X2 = 2,5 MP1 = 2,5 tm X1 = 2,5 NP1 = 0 ton

Bidang Lintang
Daerah S1 – P1 ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 2,5 )
QX1 = RVS1 = 1
X1 = 0 QS1 = 1 ton
X1 = 2,5 QP1 = 1 ton

Adji Sutama
 X2
Batang A – B – C – D – S1 X3 RVS1 = 1 t AB = (L ) + (h )²
q1 = 3,2 t/m
AB = (3) + (3)²
RHS1 = 0 t

C B D S1
AB = √18
h1 = 3 m

( q1 . 4 )
X1 AB = 4,24 m
RVD
( q1 . X2 )
α = 45º
RHA
A
RVA sin α α RVA cos α tan α =
RVA
L1 = 3 m L2 = 4 m L3 = 4 m
- 29,6 tm
tan α =
- 12,68 tm
tan α = 1
-
0 0
α = tan-1 1 = 45º
M

13,8 t Reaksi Perletakan

0
+ 1t RVA ΣMD = 0
-
- 4,23 t - 4,23 t - RVA . 7 + RVS1 . 4 + ( q1 . 4 ) 2 + RVD . 0 = 0
Q - 2,99 t
. ( . )
RVA = = 4,23 ton ( )
- 2,99 t 2,99 t

2,99 t

Adji Sutama
RVD ΣMA = 0 Daerah S1 – D ( 0 ≤ X2 ≤ 4 )
- RVD . 7 + RVS1 . 11 + ( q1 . 4 ) 9 + RVA . 0 = 0 MX2 = - RVS1 . X2 – ( q1 . X2 ) ½ X2 = - X2 – 1,6 X22
. ( . ) X2 = 0 MS1 = 0 tm
RVD = = 18,03 ton ( )
X2 = 4 MD = - 29,6 tm

ΣV = 0 Letak Mmax pada Qx = 0

- RVA + RVD – ( q1 . 4 ) – RVS1 = 0
=0
- 4,23 + 18,03 – ( 3,2 . 4 ) – 1 = 0
0=0 - RVS1 – 3,2 X2 = 0

X2 = = - 0,3125 m ( Tidak Memenuhi )

ΣH = 0 – ,

RHA – RHS1 = 0
RHA = RHS1 = 0 ton Daerah D – B – C ( 0 ≤ X3 ≤ 7 )
MX3 = - RVS1 ( 4 + X3 ) – ( q1 . 4 ) ( 2 + X3 ) + RVD . X3
Bidang Momen MX3 = - 1 ( 4 + X3 ) – ( 3,2 . 4 ) ( 2 + X3 ) + 18,03 . X3
Daerah A – B ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 4,24 ) X3 = 0 MD = - 29,6 tm
MX1 = - RVA cos α . X1 = - 4,23 cos 45º . X1 X3 = 4 MB = - 12,68 tm
X1 = 0 MA = 0 tm X3 = 7 MC = 0 tm
X1 = 4,24 MB = - 12,68 tm

Adji Sutama
Bidang Lintang Bidang Normal
Daerah A – B ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 4,24 ) Daerah A – B ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 4,24 )
QX1 = - RVA cos α = - 4,23 cos 45º NX1 = RVA sin α = 4,23 sin 45º
X1 = 0 QA = - 2,99 ton X1 = 0 NA = 2,99 ton
X1 = 4,24 QB = - 2,99 ton X1 = 4,24 NB = 2,99 ton

Daerah S1 – D ( 0 ≤ X2 ≤ 4 ) Daerah S1 – D ( 0 ≤ X2 ≤ 4 )
QX2 = RVS1 + ( q1 . X2 ) = 1 + ( 3,2 X2 ) NX2 = - RHS1 = 0
X2 = 0 QS1 = 1 ton X2 = 0 NS1 = 0 ton
X2 = 4 QD = 13,8 ton X2 = 4 ND = 0 ton

Daerah D – B – C ( 0 ≤ X3 ≤ 7 ) Daerah D – B – C ( 0 ≤ X3 ≤ 7 )
QX3 = RVS1 + ( q1 . 4 ) – RVD NX3 = - RHS1 = 0
QX3 = 1 + ( 3,2 . 4 ) – 18,03 = - 4,23 X3 = 0 ND = 0 ton
X3 = 0 QD = - 4,23 ton X3 = 4 NB = 0 ton
X3 = 4 QB = - 4,23 ton X3 = 7 NC = 0 ton
X3 = 7 QC = - 4,23 ton

Adji Sutama
Batang S2 – E – S3 Reaksi Perletakan
X1 X2 RVE ΣMS3 = 0
RVS2 = 1 t
RVE . 6 – RVS2 . 10 – ( q2 . 10 ) 5 + RVS3 . 0 = 0
q2 = 1,5 t/m
. ( . )
RVE = = 14,17 ton ( )
S2 E S3
RHE ( q2 . 10 )
( q2 . X1 ) RVE ( q2 . X2 ) RVS3
L5 = 4 m L6 = 6 m
RVS3 ΣME = 0
1m 5m
2,44 m - RVS3 . 6 + ( q2 . 10 ) 1 - RVS2 . 4 + RVE . 0 = 0
- 16 tm
1,22 m . ( . )
RVS3 = = 1,83 ton ( )
-
M 0 0
0 +
7,17 t
1,12 tm ΣV = 0
- RVS2 + RVE + RVS3 – ( q2 . 10 ) = 0
+ - 1 + 14,17 + 1,83 – ( 1,5 . 10 ) = 0
-1 t 0 -
- - 1,83 t 0=0
Q
-7 t

ΣH = 0
N 0 0 RHE = 0

Adji Sutama
Bidang Momen Letak Mmax pada Qx = 0
Daerah S2 – E ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 4 )
=0
MX1 = - RVS2 . X1 – ( q2 . X1 ) ½ X1
MX1 = - X1 – 0,75 X12 RVS3 – 1,5 X2 = 0
X1 = 0 MS2 = 0 tm ,
X2 = = 1,22 m
,
X1 = 4 ME = - 16 tm
X2 = 1,22 Mmax = 1,12 tm

Letak Mmax pada Qx = 0

Letak Momen Mx = 0
=0 1,83 X2 – 0,75 X22 = 0
- RVS2 – 1,5 X1 = 0 - 0,75 X22 + 1,83 X2 = 0

X1 = = - 0,667 m ( Tidak Memenuhi )

– ,
± –
X1,2 =
Daerah S3 – E ( 0 ≤ X2 ≤ 6 )
MX2 = RVS3 . X2 – ( q2 . X2 ) ½ X2 , ± ( , ) – ( , )( )
X1,2 =
MX2 = 1,83 X2 – 0,75 X22 ( , )
X2 = 0 MS3 = 0 tm , ± ,
X1,2 =
X2 = 6 ME = -16 tm – ,

Adji Sutama
 , ,
X1 = =0m
– ,
, ,
X2 = = 2,44 m
– ,

Bidang Lintang
Daerah S2 – E ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 4 )
QX1 = - RVS2 – ( q2 . X1 ) = - 1 – 1,5 X1
X1 = 0 QS2 = - 1 ton
X1 = 4 QE = - 7 ton

Daerah S3 – E ( 0 ≤ X2 ≤ 6 )
QX2 = - RVS3 + ( q2 . X2 ) = - 1,83 + 1,5 X2
X2 = 0 QS3 = - 1,83 ton
X2 = 6 QE = 7,17 ton
X2 = 1,22 Qmax = 0 ton

Adji Sutama
Batang S3 – F – G
X1 X1
X1

RVS3 = 1,83 t RVS3 = 1,83 t

RVS3 = 1,83 t

S3 S3 F
S3 F F

h2 = 5 m
h2 = 5 m
h2 = 5 m

MG
MG
MG

Y1
Y1
Y1

RHG RHG
RHG G G
G

RVG RVG
RVG

L7 = 3 m L7 = 3 m
L7 = 3 m
- 5,49 tm

-
0 0 0 0
-
- 5,49 tm

- 1,83 t
- 1,83 t - 1,83 t

M Q N
- 5,49 tm

- 1,83 t
Adji Sutama
Reaksi Perletakan Daerah G – F ( 0 ≤ Y1 ≤ 5 )
ΣV = 0 MY1 = RHG . Y1 – MG = - 5,49
- RVS3 + RVG = 0 Y1 = 0 MG = - 5,49 tm
- 1,83 + RVG = 0 Y1 = 5 MF = - 5,49 tm
RVG = 1,83 ton ( )
Bidang Lintang
ΣH = 0 Daerah S3 – F ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 3 )
RHG = 0 QX1 = - RVS3 = - 1,83
X1 = 0 QS3 = - 1,83 ton
ΣM = 0 X1 = 3 QF = - 1,83 ton
- RVS3 . 3 + RVG . 0 + RHG . 0 + MG = 0
Daerah G – F ( 0 ≤ Y1 ≤ 5 )
MG = RVS3 . 3 = 1,83 . 3 = 5,49 tm ( )
QY1 = - RHG = 0
Y1 = 0 QG = 0 ton
Bidang Momen
Y1 = 5 QF = 0 ton
Daerah S3 – F ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 3 )
MX1 = - RVS3 . X1 = - 1,83 X1
X1 = 0 MS3 = 0 tm
X1 = 3 MF = - 5,49 tm

Adji Sutama
Bidang Normal
Daerah G – F ( 0 ≤ Y1 ≤ 5 )
NY1 = - RVG = - 1,83
Y1 = 0 NG = - 1,83 ton
Y1 = 5 NF = - 1,83 ton

Adji Sutama
 Gambar Keseluruhan Bidang Momen (M)
P1 = 2 t
q1 = 3,2 t/m q2 = 1,5 t/m

C B D S1 S2 E S3 F
h1 = 3 m

h2 = 5 m
A

G
L1 = 3 m L2 = 4 m L3 = 4 m L4 = 5 m L5 = 4 m L6 = 6 m L7 = 3 m
- 29,6 tm 2,44 m

- 16 tm 1,22 m
- 12,68 tm

- 5,49 tm

0 0 0 0

- 5,49 tm
0

1,12 tm
2,5 tm

- 5,49 tm
Adji Sutama
 Gambar Keseluruhan Bidang Lintang (Q)
P1 = 2 t
q1 = 3,2 t/m q2 = 1,5 t/m

C B D S1 S2 E S3 F
h1 = 3 m

h2 = 5 m
A

G
L1 = 3 m L2 = 4 m L3 = 4 m L4 = 5 m L5 = 4 m L6 = 6 m L7 = 3 m

1,22 m

13,8 t
7,17 t

1t 1t

0 0
0
-1 t -1 t
- 1,83 t - 1,83 t
- 4,23 t - 4,23 t

- 2,99 t -7 t

- 2,99 t

Adji Sutama
 Gambar Keseluruhan Bidang Normal (N)
P1 = 2 t
q1 = 3,2 t/m q2 = 1,5 t/m

C B D S1 S2 E S3 F
h1 = 3 m

h2 = 5 m
A

G
L1 = 3 m L2 = 4 m L3 = 4 m L4 = 5 m L5 = 4 m L6 = 6 m L7 = 3 m

2,99 t

0 0

- 1,83 t
2,99 t

- 1,83 t
Adji Sutama
 Penampang Balok

Pot. I-I Pot. II-II

P1 = 2 t
q1 = 3,2 t/m q2 = 1,5 t/m

C B D S1 S2 E S3 F
h1 = 3 m

Pot. I-I Pot. II-II

h2 = 5 m
A

L1 = 3 m L2 = 4 m L3 = 4 m L4 = 5 m L5 = 4 m L6 = 6 m L7 = 3 m

Adji Sutama
 10 cm 10 cm

30 cm

10 cm

50 cm

 Hitunglah besar Tegangan Lentur, Tegangan Geser, dan Tegangan Normal pada potongan I-I dan II-II dengan
penampang balok berbentuk U serta gambarkan?

Adji Sutama
Menentukan Garis Netral (GN)
Statis momen terhadap serat bawah
y
10 cm 10 cm

1 3

F1 F3
30 cm
y1 = 20 cm y3 = 20 cm

F2
10 cm 2
y2 = 5 cm
x
x1 = 5 cm
x2 = 25 cm
x3 = 45 cm
50 cm

( F1 + F 2 + F 3 ) x = F1 . x 1 + F2 . x2 + F3 . x3 ( F1 + F2 + F3 ) y = F1 . y1 + F2 . y2 + F3 . y3
. . . . . .
x= y=

( ). ( ). ( ). ( ). ( ). ( ).
x= y=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

x= y=

x = 25 cm y = 11,67 cm

Adji Sutama
Momen Inersia

10 cm 10 cm

1 3

y atas = 18,33 cm
F1 F3 20 cm
a1 = 8,33 cm a3 = 8,33 cm
GN GN
(25, 11,67)
a2 = 6,67 cm
y bawah = 11,67 cm F2
2 10 cm

x = 25 cm

50 cm

I total = I1 + I2 + I3
I total = ( 1/12 . b1 . h13 + F1 . a12 ) + ( 1/12 . b2 . h23 + F2 . a22 ) + ( 1/12 . b3 . h33 + F3 . a32 )
I total = ( 1/12 . 10 . 203 + 200 . 8,332 ) + ( 1/12 . 50 . 103 + 500 . 6,672 ) + ( 1/12 . 10 . 203 + 200 . 8,332 )
I total = 6666,67 + 13877,78 + 4166,67 + 22244,45 + 6666,67 + 13877,78
I total = 67500,02 cm4

Adji Sutama
 a a F1 a a F1
X1 X1
I I I I
18,33 cm

GN GN
1,67 cm III III III III
X3 X3
c c F3 c c F3
10 cm II II
X2
F2
b b

10 cm 30 cm 10 cm

Potongan I – I Daerah a – a s.d. GN – GN ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 18,33 )

SX1 = 10 . X1 ( 18,33 – ½ X1 ) + 10 . X1 ( 18,33 – ½ X1 )

X1 = 0 S a-a = 0 cm3 τ a-a = =

,

X1 = 18,33 S GN-GN = 10 . 18,33 ( 18,33 – ½ 18,33 ) + 10 . 18,33 ( 18,33 – ½ 18,33 ) = 3359,889 cm3
,
τ GN-GN = =
,

Adji Sutama
Potongan II – II Daerah b – b s.d. c – c ( 0 ≤ X2 ≤ 10 )
SX2 = 50 . X2 ( 11,67 – ½ X2 )

X2 = 0 S b-b = 0 cm3 τ b-b = =

,

X2 = 10 S c-c = 50 . 10 ( 11,67 – ½ 10 ) = 3335 cm3

τ c-c = =
,

Potongan III – III Daerah c – c s.d. GN – GN ( 0 ≤ X3 ≤ 1,67 )

SX3 = 50 . 10. 6,67 + 10 . X3 ( 1,67 – ½ X3 ) + 10 . X3 ( 1,67 – ½ X3 )

X3 = 0 S c-c = 3335 cm3 τ c-c = =

,

X3 = 1,67 S GN-GN = 3335 + 10 . 1,67 ( 1,67 – ½ 1,67 ) + 10 . 1,67 ( 1,67 – ½ 1,67 ) = 3362,889 cm3
,
τ GN-GN = =
,

Adji Sutama
 Normal potongan I-I
Pot. I-I
Tinjau Kiri :
P1 = 2 t
N I-I = - RHS1
RHS1 N I-I = 0 kg
S1 S2

RVS1 RVS2
Pot. I-I Tegangan Lentur
L4 = 5 m
σ=

Momen potongan I-I

Tinjau Kiri : ,
W atas = = = 3682,49 cm3
,
M I-I = RVS1 . 2,5
,
M I-I = 1 . 2,5 = 2,5 tm W bawah = = = 5784,06 cm3
,
M I-I = 250000 kgcm

Lintang potongan I-I σ atas = = = 67,89 kg/cm2 ( Tekan - )

,
Tinjau Kiri :
Q I-I = RVS1 σ bawah = = = 43,22 kg/cm2 ( Tarik + )
,
Q I-I = 1 = 1 ton
Catatan : Jika tampang balok mengalami lenturan positif, maka tegangan
Q I-I = 1000 kg
tekan terjadi di serat atas dan tegangan tarik di serat bawah.

Adji Sutama
Tegangan Geser
Potongan I – I Daerah a – a s.d. GN – GN ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 18,33 )
SX1 = 10 . X1 ( 18,33 – ½ X1 ) + 10 . X1 ( 18,33 – ½ X1 )

X1 = 0 S a-a = 0 cm3 τ a-a = = = 0 kg/cm2

,

X1 = 18,33 S GN-GN = 10 . 18,33 ( 18,33 – ½ 18,33 ) + 10 . 18,33 ( 18,33 – ½ 18,33 ) = 3359,889 cm3
,
τ GN-GN = = = 2,49 kg/cm2
,

Potongan II – II Daerah b – b s.d. c – c ( 0 ≤ X2 ≤ 10 )

SX2 = 50 . X2 ( 11,67 – ½ X2 )

X2 = 0 S b-b = 0 cm3 τ b-b = = = 0 kg/cm2

,

X2 = 10 S c-c = 50 . 10 ( 11,67 – ½ 10 ) = 3335 cm3

τ c-c = = = 0,99 kg/cm2

,

Adji Sutama
Potongan III – III Daerah c – c s.d. GN – GN ( 0 ≤ X3 ≤ 1,67 )
SX3 = 50 . 10. 6,67 + 10 . X3 ( 1,67 – ½ X3 ) + 10 . X3 ( 1,67 – ½ X3 )

X3 = 0 S c-c = 3335 cm3 τ c-c = = = 2,47 kg/cm2

,

X3 = 1,67 S GN-GN = 3335 + 10 . 1,67 ( 1,67 – ½ 1,67 ) + 10 . 1,67 ( 1,67 – ½ 1,67 ) = 3362,889 cm3
,
τ GN-GN = = = 2,49 kg/cm2
,

Tegangan Normal

σ=

σ=

σ=

σ = 0 kg/cm2

Adji Sutama
 Normal potongan II-II
Pot. II-II
RVS2 q2 = 1,5 t/m
Tinjau Kiri :
N II-II = - RHE
S2 E S3 N II-II = 0 kg
RHE
( q2 . 4 ) RVE
RVS3
Pot. II-II Tegangan Lentur
L5 = 4 m L6 = 6 m

σ=
Momen potongan II-II
Tinjau Kiri :
M II-II = - RVS2 . 4 – ( q2 . 4 ) 2 ,
W atas = = = 3682,49 cm3
,
M II-II = - 1 . 4 – ( 1,5 . 4 ) 2 = - 16 tm
,
M II-II = - 1600000 kgcm W bawah = = = 5784,06 cm3
,

Lintang potongan II-II

Tinjau Kiri : σ atas = = = - 434,49 kg/cm2 ( Tarik + )
,
Q II-II = - RVS1 – ( q2 . 4 )
Q II-II = - 1 – ( 1,5 . 4 )= - 7 ton σ bawah = = = - 276,62 kg/cm2
,
Q II-II = - 7000 kg
( Tekan - )
Catatan : Jika tampang balok mengalami lenturan negatif, maka tegangan tarik
terjadi di serat atas dan tegangan tekan di serat bawah.

Adji Sutama
Tegangan Geser
Potongan I – I Daerah a – a s.d. GN – GN ( 0 ≤ X1 ≤ 18,33 )
SX1 = 10 . X1 ( 18,33 – ½ X1 ) + 10 . X1 ( 18,33 – ½ X1 )

X1 = 0 S a-a = 0 cm3 τ a-a = = = 0 kg/cm2

,

X1 = 18,33 S GN-GN = 10 . 18,33 ( 18,33 – ½ 18,33 ) + 10 . 18,33 ( 18,33 – ½ 18,33 ) = 3359,889 cm3
,
τ GN-GN = = = - 17,42 kg/cm2
,

Potongan II – II Daerah b – b s.d. c – c ( 0 ≤ X2 ≤ 10 )

SX2 = 50 . X2 ( 11,67 – ½ X2 )

X2 = 0 S b-b = 0 cm3 τ b-b = = = 0 kg/cm2

,

X2 = 10 S c-c = 50 . 10 ( 11,67 – ½ 10 ) = 3335 cm3

τ c-c = = = - 6,92 kg/cm2

,

Adji Sutama
Potongan III – III Daerah c – c s.d. GN – GN ( 0 ≤ X3 ≤ 1,67 )
SX3 = 50 . 10. 6,67 + 10 . X3 ( 1,67 – ½ X3 ) + 10 . X3 ( 1,67 – ½ X3 )

X3 = 0 S c-c = 3335 cm3 τ c-c = = = - 17,29 kg/cm2

,

X3 = 1,67 S GN-GN = 3335 + 10 . 1,67 ( 1,67 – ½ 1,67 ) + 10 . 1,67 ( 1,67 – ½ 1,67 ) = 3362,889 cm3
,
τ GN-GN = = = - 17,42 kg/cm2
,

Tegangan Normal

σ=

σ=

σ=

σ = 0 kg/cm2

Adji Sutama
Gambar Tegangan Lentur, Tegangan Geser, dan Tegangan Normal

2 2
a a a a σ = 67,89 kg/cm τ a-a= 0 kg/cm 0

18,33 cm

2
GN GN τ GN-GN= 2,49 kg/cm
2
1,67 cm τ c-c= 2,47 kg/cm
c c c c τ c-c= 0,99 kg/cm
2

10 cm
2 2
b b σ = 43,22 kg/cm τ b-b= 0 kg/cm 0

10 cm 30 cm 10 cm
Tegangan Lentur (σ) Tegangan Geser (τ) Tegangan Normal (σ)

a a a a σ = - 434,49 kg/cm2 τ a-a= 0 kg/cm2 0

18,33 cm

GN GN τ GN-GN= - 17,42 kg/cm2

1,67 cm τ c-c= - 17,29 kg/cm2

c c c c τ c-c= - 6,92 kg/cm2
10 cm

b b σ = - 276,62 kg/cm2 τ b-b= 0 kg/cm2 0

10 cm 30 cm 10 cm Tegangan Lentur (σ) Tegangan Geser (τ) Tegangan Normal (σ)

Adji Sutama