RCC Return Wall - 5.0m Height

DESIGN OF RETURN WALL (5.
0m HEIGHT)
Input data's:
Sl. No Description Unit
1 Safe Bearing Capacity 200 KN / m2
2 Grade of Concrete M 25
3 Grade of Steel 500
4 Unit weight of Concrete(Dry) 25 KN / m2
5 Unit weight of earth (Dry) 18 KN /m3
6 Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1.20 m ht of earth fill.
7 Co efficient of Friction (cl-706.3.4 of IRC 78-2014 ) 0.50
8 Angle of internal friction, Ф 30 0
9 Angle of Wall friction, δ 20 0
10 Saturated weight of soil, γ 20 KN /m3

Calculation of earth pressure coefficient : (Normal Case)
Live load surcharge pressure = Equivalent to 1.2m height of Earth fill
= 1.2 x 20 = 24 KN/m3
Co-efficient of earth pressure is computed as follows:
ka= sin 2 (a + f) cos δ

Sin2 a sin ( a - d) sin ( f + d) sin ( f - b) 2
1+
sin ( a -d) sin ( a + b)
Where,
Wall angle a = 88.60 0
Angle of surcharge b = 00
Angle of internal friction of back fill material f = 30 0
Angle of wall friction d = 2/3 f = 2 x 30

3
= 20 or 22.5
d= 20
Safe bearing capacity = 200 KN/m3
tan α = 2000
50
a = 88.60
Substituting these values,
ka= sin2 ( 88.6 + 30 ) cos 20

sin2 88.6 x sin ( 88.6 - 20 ( sin ( 30 + 20 ) x sin ( 30
1+ sin ( 88.6 - 20 ) x sin ( 88.6
= 0.7709 x 0.94
0.9305 1 + 0.6415 2
= 0.289
KaH = 0.289 x cos d = 0.289 X 0.94 = 0.272
KaV = 0.289 x sin d = 0.289 X 0.34 = 0.099
0 H2 5000
++++++++++------ Road level
450 2500
H1 4500 5000
G.L
50
1500
75 75
2000 β (a)
500 200 393.75
300 Toe Heel
1200 500 1950

1200 2450
3650 mm
Dimension details of Return wall
50 1125 650 1875

- 0) 2
+ 0)
KaH = 0.272
i) Active earth pressure:
Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.272 x 20 x 5 x 5 =

2
Moment due to active pressure = 68.00 x 0.42 x 5.00 =
ii) Live load surcharge pressure:
Equivalent height of live load surcharge = 1.2 m height of earth as per CL - 710.6.9 of IRC -
Force due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.272 x 20 x 1.2 x 5 =
Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 32.60 x 5 =

2
Total horizontal force = 68.00 + 32.60 = 100.60 KN
Total moment = 142.8 + 81.50 = 224.30 KN.m
Design moment &Shear (Table 3.2 IRC 6-2017)
BM Shear ULS Factor Factored moment Factored Shear

EP 142.80 68.00 1.50 214.20 102.00
LLSC 81.50 32.60 1.20 97.80 39.12
Total 312.00 141.12
Factored Shear force = 141.12 KN

Factored Bending Moment = 312.00 KN.m
x-x x x- x x =
0 . 5 f ck  4 . 6 M u 
1 - 1 - 2  b d
fy  f ckb d 
=
6
Design of stem: KaH = 0.272
Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.272 x 20 x 4.5 x 4.5 =

2
x x x
Force due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.272 x 20 x 1.2 x 4.5 =
Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 29.40 x 4.5 =

2
Total moment = 104.1 + 66.15 = 170.25 KN.m


EP 104.10 55.08 1.50 156.15 82.62
LLSC 66.15 29.40 1.20 79.38 35.28
Total 235.53 117.90

Uniform section of Stem:

2
Moment due to active earth pressure = 0.5 0.272 x 20 x 2.5 2 x 0.42
= 17.85 KN.m
Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.272 x 20 x 1.2 x 2.5 x 2.5
2
= 20.4 KN.m

Total moment = 38.25 KN.m

EP 17.85 17.00 1.50 26.78 25.50
LLSC 20.40 16.30 1.20 24.48 19.56
Total 51.26 45.06

‫ﺡ‬
68.00 KN
142.8 KN.m
height of earth as per CL - 710.6.9 of IRC - 78-2014
32.60 KN
81.50 KN.m
55.08 KN
104.1 KN.m

29.40 KN
66.15 KN.m
17.00 KN
x 2.5
16.30 KN
Design of stem: KaV = 0.099

2
Moment due to active pressure = 24.75 x 1 x 2.45 =

1
Total moment = 60.64 + 29.16 = 89.80 KN.m
‫ﺡ‬ + x x x x
24.75 KN
60.64 KN.m
11.90 KN
29.16 KN.m
Stability Calculation for one metre run of the wall: (Normal Case)
Vertical
S.No Description
load (KN)
1 Stem :
0.45 x 4.5 x 1 x 25 50.63
0.5 x 0.05 x 2.0 x 1 x 25 1.25
0 x 0 x 1 x 25 0.00
0.5 x 0 x 0.0 x 1 x 25 0.00
2 Base slab:
3.7 x 0.300 x 1 x 25 27.38
0.65 x 0.200 x 1 x 25 3.25
0.5 1.875 x 0.2 x 1 x 25 4.69
0.5 1.125 x 0.2 x 1 x 25 2.81
3 Crash Barrier
0.31 x 25 x 0.0 0.00
3 Earth fill:
(i) 1.2 x 1.5 x 1 x 20 0.00
(i) 1.95 x 4.5 x 1 x 20 175.50
(ii) 0.5 x 2 x 0.05 x 1 x 20 1.00
(iii) 0.05 x 2.5 x 1 x 20 2.50
(iv) 0.5 x 1.875 x 0.20 x 1 x 20 3.75
(vi) 0.5 1.125 x 0.20 1 x 20 0.00
4 Earth fill: (surcharge)
2 x 0 x 0.5 x 20 0.00
5 Vertical Coefficient :
24.75 x 3.65 24.75
4 Crash Barrier:
0.31 x 0 x 1 0
297.51
LOAD COMBINATION FOR FOUNDATION
(Combination for Equilibrium as per IRC:6-2017 Table 3.1)
Friction for foundation 0.50

Check for Pressure factors Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting
Stem : 0.9 46.69 KN 66.80
Base slab: 0.9 34.32 KN 61.24
Soil Dead load 0.9 164.48 KN 438.01
Earth Pressure H 1.5 102 KN 214.2 KNm
Earth Pressure V 1 24.75 KN 90.34
Live load Surcharge H 1.2 39.12 KN 97.80 KNm
Live load Surcharge V 1.2 14.28 34.992
Total 284.51 KN 141.12 KN 312.00 KNm 691.38
Total Horizontal Load 141.12 KN
Total Vertical Load 284.51 KN
Total Resisting moment 691.38 KNm
Total Overturning moment 312.00 KNm
Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 1

Overturning Moment
= 691.4 = 2.22 safe

312.0
Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force >
Horizontal Force
= 284.51 x 0.5 = 1.01

141.12
(Partial Safety Factor for Verification of Structural Strength as per IRC:6-2017 Table 3.2)
(Combination for Foundation as per IRC:6-2014 Table 3.4)

Stem : 1.35 70.03 KN 100.20
Base slab: 1.35 51.48 KN 91.86
Soil Dead load 1.35 246.71 KN 657.01
Earth Pressure H 1.5 102 KN 214.2 KNm
Earth Pressure V 1.5 37.13 KN 135.51
Live load Surcharge H 1.2 39.12 KN 97.8 KNm
Live load Surcharge V 1.2 14.28 34.992
Total 419.62 KN 141.12 KN 312.00 KNm 1019.57
LOAD COMBINATION x x-
FOR FOUNDATION
xx
(Combination for SLS as per IRC:6-2014 Table 3.3)
As Per Irc 6-2014 For Checking Base Pressure Under Foundation, Unfactored Load Shall Be Used.

Stem : 1 51.88 KN 74.22
Base slab: 1 38.13 KN 68.04
Soil Dead load 1 182.75 KN 486.68
Earth Pressure H 1 68.00 KN 142.8 KNm
Earth Pressure V 1 24.75 KN 90.34
Live load Surcharge H 1 32.60 KN 81.50 KNm
Live load Surcharge V 1 11.90 KN 29.16
Total 309.41 KN 100.60 KN 224.30 KNm 748.44
- -
Total Resisting moment 748.44 kNm
Total Overturning moment 224.30 kNm
IRC 78-2014 Cl 706.3.4
Check for Pressure at bottom of Foundation
z = MR-MO
P
Z = 524.14 =
309.41
e= b - Z = 3.65 1.69
-
2 2
Eccentricity of the stem section w.r.t.mid of its base.
= 0.135 m < b = 3.65

6 6
Hence Safe
Calculation of base Pressure:
P = W 1 ± 6e = 309.41 1
b b 3.65
= 84.77 1
Pmax = 103.58 KN/m2 <
Pmin = 65.96 KN/m2 >
Hence safe
Since the Pressure are found to be within Limits, the retaining wall is Safe under this condition.
Pressure Diagram
3650 mm
1200 500 1950
775 425
65.96 KN/m 2
103.58 KN/m2 86.06 Heel

95.59 91.21
37.62 KN/m 2
d dist
Toe
Bending moment for SLS check Toe slab
Vertical
S.No Description
load (KN)
1 Upward pressure (Rec.)

91.21 x 1 x 1.20 109.45
2 Upward pressure (Tri)

1 x 1.200 x 12.37 7.42
2
3 Deduction for self weight of toe
0.3 x 1.2 x 1.00 x 25 -9.00
0.075 x 0.2 x 1.00 x 25 -0.38
0.5 0.2 x 1.125 x 1.00 x 25 -2.81
Total 104.68
Bending moment for SLS check Heel slab
Vertical
S.No Description
load (KN)
1 Earth weight :-
1.95 x 4.5 x 1 x 20 175.50
0.50 1.875 x 0.2 x 1 x 20 3.75
2 Self weight:-
0.3 x 1.95 x 25 x 1 14.6
0.05 x 0.2 x 25 x 1 0.3
x
0.5 0.2 x 1.88 x 25 x 1 4.7
24.75 x 0.975 24.75
4 Deduction for upward pressure

(i) 65.96 x 1.95 x 1.00 -128.62
(ii) 0.5 x 20.10 x 1.95 x 1.00 -19.6
Total 75.35
Shear and Bending Moment For heel Slab
Shear Force V = 75.4 KN
Bending moment M = 83.6 KN

(Combination for Design of Foundation as per IRC:6-2017 Table 3.4)
When the live load will be on span, the next train of load on embankment will be atleast 20m away from the backs
Hence there will be no surcharge pressure effect on abutment when live load will be on span.
Combination 2
Stem : 1 51.88 KN 74.22
Base slab: 1 38.13 KN 68.04
Soil Dead load 1 182.75 KN 486.68
Earth Pressure H 1.3 88.40 KN 185.64 KNm
Live load Surcharge H 1 32.60 KN 81.50 KNm
Live load Surcharge V 1 11.90 KN 29.16
Total 316.83 121.00 267.14 775.54

z = MR-MO
P
Z = 508.40 =
316.83
e= b Z = 3.65 1.6
-
2 2
= 0.225 m < b = 3.65

6 6
Hence Safe
P = W 1 6e = 316.83 1
b b 3.65
= 86.80 1
Pmax = 118.91 KN/m2
Pmin = 54.7 KN/m2
This Factored presssure is only applicable for design of foundation. Further no need to check against safe bearin
3650 mm
1200 500 1950
775 425
54.7 KN/m2
118.91 KN/m2 89 Heel

105.28 97.8
64.21 KN/m 2
Toe
Toe slab: =
Vertical
S.No Description
load (KN)

97.80 x 1 x 1.20 117.36

1 x 1.200 x 21.11 12.67
2
0.3 x 1.2 x 1.00 x 25 -9.00
0.075 x 0.2 x 1.00 x 25 -0.38
0.5 0.2 x 1.125 x 1.00 x 25 -2.81
Total 117.84
Heel slab:
Vertical
S.No Description
load (KN)
1 Earth weight :-
1.95 x 4.5 x 1 x 20 175.50
0.50 1.875 x 0.2 x 1 x 20 3.75
2 Self weight:-
0.3 x 1.95 x 25 x 1 14.6
0.05 x 0.2 x 25 x 1 0.3
0.5 0.2 x 1.88 x 25 x 1 4.7
24.75 x 0.975 24.75

(i) 54.70 x 1.95 x 1.00 -106.67
(ii) 0.5 x 34.30 x 1.95 x 1.00 -33.44
Total 83.46
Shear Force V = 83.5 KN

Bending moment M = 100.4 KN
(Combination for Base pressure as per IRC:6-2017 Table 3.4)

Combination 1
Stem : 1.35 70.03 KN 100.20
Base slab: 1.35 51.48 KN 91.86
Soil Dead load 1.35 246.71 KN 657.01
Earth Pressure H 1.5 102.00 KN 214.20 KN
Live load Surcharge H 1.2 39.12 97.80 KN
Live load Surcharge V 1.2 14.28 KN 34.99
Total 430.76 KN 141.12 312.00 1060.23

z = MR-MO
P
Z = 748.23 =
430.76
e= b - Z = 3.65 1.74
-
2 2
= 0.085 m < b = 3.65

6 6
Hence Safe
P = W 1 ± 6e = 430.76 1
b b 3.65
= 118.02 1
Pmax = 134.51 KN/m2
Pmin = 101.53 KN/m2
This Factored presssure is only applicable for design of foundation. Further no need to check against safe bearin
3650 mm
1200 500 1950
775 425
101.53 KN/m2
134.51 KN/m2 119.15 Heel

127.51 123.67
32.98 KN/m 2
Toe
Toe slab:
Vertical
S.No Description
load (KN)

123.67 x 1 x 1.20 148.40

1 x 1.200 x 10.84 6.5
2
0.3 x 1.2 x 1.00 x 25 -9.00
0.075 x 0.2 x 1.00 x 25 -0.38
0.5 0.2 x 1.125 x 1.00 x 25 -2.81
Total 142.71
Heel slab:
Vertical
S.No Description
load (KN)
1 Earth weight :-
1.95 x 4.5 x 1 x 20 175.50
0.50 1.875 x 0.2 x 1 x 20 3.75
2 Self weight:-
0.3 x 1.95 x 25 x 1 14.6
0.05 x 0.2 x 25 x 1 0.3
0.5 0.2 x 1.88 x 25 x 1 4.7
24.75 x 0.975 24.75

(i) 101.53 x 1.95 x 1.00 -197.98
(ii) 0.5 x 17.62 x 1.95 x 1.00 -17.18
Total 8.41
Shear and Bending Moment For Toe Slab
shear at d dist - = 134.51+127.51 x 0.775/2"-25x0.39375x0.775"

selfweight of toe = 166.224
Design Shear Force V = 166.2 KN
Design Bending moment M = 88.6 KN
Design Shear Force V = 83.5 KN
Design Bending moment M = 100.4 KN

Lever arm
RM
From Toe
(KN-m/m)
(m)
1.425 72.14
1.667 2.08
1.650 0.00
1.650 0.00
1.825 49.97
1.450 4.71
2.400 11.26
0.750 2.11
1.845 0.00
0.600 0.00
2.675 469.46
1.683 1.68
1.675 4.19
3.025 11.34
0.3750 0.00
2.9833 0.00
3.650 90.34
0.305 0.00
719.28
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
1
safe
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
1.69 m
= 0.610 m
± 6 x 0.14
3.65
± 0.222
200 KN/m2
0 KN/m2
65.96 KN/m2
Distance
from face of Moment
the support (KN.m)
(m)
0.6 65.670
0.80 5.936
0.6 -5.400
0.450 -0.171
0.038 -0.105
65.930
Distance
from face of Moment
the support (KN.m)
(m)
0.975 171.11
0.700 2.63
0.975 14.26
0.038 0.01
0.70 3.28
0.975 24.13
0.975 -125.40
0.33 -6.47
83.55
on embankment will be atleast 20m away from the backside of dirt wall,
tment when live load will be on span.
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
1.6 m
0.610 m
± 6 x 0.23
3.65
0.370
oundation. Further no need to check against safe bearing capacity of soil.

54.70 KN/m2
=
Distance
from face of Moment
the support (KN.m)
(m)
0.6 70.416
0.80 10.136
0.6 -5.400
0.450 -0.171
0.038 -0.105
74.876
Distance
from face of Moment
the support (KN.m)
(m)
0.975 171.11
0.700 2.63
0.975 14.26
0.038 0.01
0.70 3.28
0.975 24.13
0.975 -104.00
0.33 -11.04
100.39
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
1.74 m
= 0.610 m
± 6 x 0.08
3.65
± 0.140
oundation. Further no need to check against safe bearing capacity of soil.
101.53 KN/m2
Distance
from face of Moment
the support (KN.m)
(m)
0.6 89.040
0.80 5.200
0.6 -5.400
0.450 -0.171
0.038 -0.105
88.564
Distance
from face of Moment
the support (KN.m)
(m)
0.975 171.11
0.700 2.63
0.975 14.26
0.038 0.01
0.70 3.28
0.975 24.13
0.975 -193.03
0.33 -5.67
16.73
Factor Of Safety (FOS) for stability: (Normal Case)
FOS against Sliding = 1.5 (as per Cl 706.3.4 of IRC : 78 - 2000)
FOS against Overturning = 2.0 (as per Cl 706.3.4 of IRC : 78 - 2000)
i. Check for sliding : (Normal case)
T
μV > 1.5
H
Coefficient of friction μ =
I N
0.5 (as per Cl 706.3.4 of IRC : 78 - 2000)
Total Vertical load
Total Horizontal force

V
H
=
=
P R
297.51
100.60
KN
KN
0.5 x 297.51
K E = 1.48 > 1.5
A
100.60
T Not safe
T
ii. Check for overturning :
O
Restoring moment MR > 2
N
Overturning moment MO
DO
T
OT
N
O
Restoring
Lever arm
Vertical Moment
S.No Description from toe
D
load (KN) about toe
end (m)
(KN.m)
1 Stem:
0.45 x 4.5 x 1 x 25 50.63 1.425 72.15
0.5 x 0.05 x 2 x 1 x 25 1.25 1.67 2.09
x x
2 Earth on heel slab:
i) x 1.95 x x 4.5 x 1 x 20 175.5 2.675 469.46
ii) 2.5 x 0.05 x 1 x 20 2.5 1.675 4.19
iii) 0.5 x 0.05 x 2.0 x 1 x 20 1.00 1.68 1.68
iv) 0.5 x 1.88 x 0.2 x 1 x 20 3.75 2.40 9.00
3 Footing:
3.65 x 0.3 x 1 x 25 27.38 1.83 49.97
0.65 x 0.2 x 1 x 25 3.25 1.45 4.71
0.5 x 0.20 x 1.125 x 1 x 25 2.81 0.38 1.05
0.5 x 0.20 x 1.875 x 1 x 25 4.69 3.03 14.19
Total 272.76 628.49
MO = 224.3 KN.m
MR = 628.49 = 2.8 m > 2.0 m

MO 224.3
Hence safe in overturning
ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112-2011
Density Concrete (kn/cu.m) Stem fck 25 Mpa Ec 30000

Toe fck 25 Mpa Ec 30000
Heel fck 25 Mpa Ec 30000
Sectional Properties Stem Heel slab Toe Slab
Bottom Uniform At Face At Face
Portion of stem of stem
Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3 Sec4
No. of webs 1 1 1 1
Width of Section, B (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Depth of Section, D (mm) 500 450 500 500
Area of section m2 0.500 0.450 0.500 0.500
Perimeter of Section (m) 3.000 2.900 3.000 3.000
Moment of Inertia m4 0.010 0.008 0.010 0.010
depth of section m 0.500 0.450 0.500 0.500
CG of Section (bot) m 0.250 0.225 0.250 0.250
Z bot of section m3 0.042 0.034 0.042 0.042
Z top of section m3 0.042 0.034 0.042 0.042
Width of Section m 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Area of Section m2 0.500 0.450 0.500 0.500
Z bot of section m4 0.042 0.034 0.042 0.042
Z top of girder. m4 0.042 0.034 0.042 0.042
Z top of Composite m4 0.042 0.034 0.042 0.042
Grade of concrete =M 25 MPa

Grade of steel =FE 500 MPa
(fck) = 25.00
(fywk) = 500.00
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.20
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.83
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.50
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 30000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.67
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] = 0.0042
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 (.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)
Factor (l ) = 0.80
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1.00
.
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 11.17
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 8.93
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.40
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)
DESIGN OF SECTIONS
Stem Heel slab Toe Slab

Description Unit
Width of staad member m 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Design Shear KN 117.9 45.1 83.5 166.2
Design Moment(Sagging) KNm 235.5 51.3 100.4 88.6
Width of beam, B mm 1000 1000 1000 1000

Depth of beam, D mm 500 450 500 500
No of layers 1 1 1 1
Dia of Main. Bar mm 16 12 12 12
cover to reinf. mm 40 40 75 75
Dia of Transverse bar mm 10 10 10 10
deff provided 442 394 409 409
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 1 0.135 0.037 0.067 0.059
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) 266 124 174 163
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm 201.59 179.70 186.54 186.54
Description Unit
Xu in mm for Mom 1 mm 63.3 14.8 28.3 24.8
Xu in mm for Mom 2 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim Safe Safe Safe Safe

Steel required, As for Mom 1 mm2 1300 304 581 510
Check for min reinft. Reqd.
Minimum Reinf.reqd = mm2 650 585 650 650

Check for Mom 1 (Earth face/Heel Top, Toe Bottom)
However Nos of bars required Nos 7 6 6 6
Provided Nos 7 6 6 6
Dia of bars mm 16 12 12 12
Nos Nos 7 7 7 7
Spacing of Bars mm 150 150 150 150
Reinf provided = mm2 1340 754 754 754
Reinf provided is Safe Safe Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) mm 65 37 37 37
NA is Safe Safe Safe Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = kNm 242 124 129 129
MR Safe Safe Safe Safe
Check for Mom 1 (Other face/Heel Bottom, Toe Top Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3 Sec4
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 0.13 % mm2 650 585 650 650
Nos Nos 7 7 7 7
Reinf provided = 754 754 754 754
Distribution Steel Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3 Sec4

Minimum Reinf.reqd =0.13 % for both face mm2 325 293 325 325
Nos Nos 5 5 5 5
Reinf provided = 393 393 393 393
Design
maximum
shear
force
Design that
Design
can
valuebe
value ofof
sustained
shear #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
shear
by the
compone
compone
member
nt
nt of
of
n by
Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various X . force
force in
in (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)
crushing
compressi
MEd tensile
of
on area in
VRd,c reinforce
Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
compressi
case
VRd,max mentof in
on struts
inclined
case of
VRd,s Design
inclinedshear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforcement
compressi
Vccd on chord
tensile
Vtd chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd + Vtd
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestressing
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd (-ve for downward;
. Ved is + downwards)

. Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3 Sec4
VEd 118 45 83 166
VPd 0 0 0 0
VNs 118 45 83 166
fck 25 25 25 25
fyk 500 500 500 500
K 1.673 1.673 1.673 1.673
d m 0.442 0.394 0.409 0.409
bw m 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
bwc m 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Asl mm2 2487 1508 1508 1901
Asc mm2 0 0 0 0
S = (Ay)c m3 0.125 0.101 0.125 0.125
I m4 0.010 0.008 0.010 0.010
scp Mpa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
fywd Mpa 434.78 434.78 434.78 434.78
fcd Mpa 11.17 11.17 11.17 11.17
fctd = fctk/gm 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3
acw 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
n 0.540 0.540 0.540 0.540
r1 = 0.0056 0.0038 0.0037 0.0046
q deg 45.0 68.0 68.0 68.0
.
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp]>b (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
VRd,c kN 198.7 155.8 159.7 172.5
0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45
Vmin kN 148.2 132.1 137.1 137.1
VRd,c (for prestress) I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c kN 0 0 0 0
VRd,c kN 199 156 160 172
VEd, < 1333 1188 1233 1233
VEd, actual kN 118 45 83 166
Shear Reinforcement is . Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd
.
Mpa
Mpa
Mpa
ube/0.85 cylinder)
C:-112-2011)
inforcement
of reinforcement
ads + prestressing
downwards)
^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d
7 CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH a) Base slab
Concrete Grade fck = 25.00 Mpa

Steel Grade Fy = 500.00 Mpa
Concrete Modulus Ec = 30000.0 N/mm2
Steel Modulus Es = 200000.0 N/mm2
Service Stage Moment = 83.55 kNm
Allowable crackwidth wadm = 0.3 mm
Section depth d = 500 mm
Section width bt = 1000 mm
Minimum cover cmin = 75 mm
Bar spacing s = 150 mm
Bar diameter f = 12 mm
Effective depth h = 419 mm
Area of steel As = 1508 mm2
Modular Ratio (Short
Term) = 6.66666667
Serviceability Limit State(SLS)
Stress Level
Moment of Inertia of
cracked section = bt*xu^3/3+m*As*(d-xu)^2
Icr = 1.33E+09 mm4
Stresses arestress
compressive calculated
in for Maximum bending moment
concrete ( σcc) =
Maximum tensile 5.19 < 9.00 MPa Safe
stress in steel ( σsc) = m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr
141.50 < 300.00 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width
where spacing of
bonded
reinforcement with in
the tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
<= 5*(75+12/2)
<= 405 mm
Case 1: Spacing of bonded
reinforcement with in the
tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
150.00 <= 405
Coefficient based on
bond propoerties
Coefficient k1
based on = 0.8 for deformed bars
distribution of strain k2 = 0.5 for bending
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max (3.4c)+(0.425k1k2ф)/ρp.eff Eqn 12.8
= 444 mm
Ac,eff iseffective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement, of depth
hc,eff, where hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3 or h/2.
hc,eff 202.5 mm or 139.2 mm or 250
Thereforhc,eff 139.2397 mm
Ac,eff = 139240 mm2
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff
=
= 0.01083
Case2 :the spacing of bonded reinforcement
or
No bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone > 5*(C+ф/2)
Actual Spacing = 150.00 < 405 mm
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max = 1.3 (d-XU)

= 437.73 mm Not Applicable
Maximum of maximum cracking

spacing Sr,max = 443.89 mm
Factor dependent on the duration of the load (kt)

= 0.5
(esm-ecm) = (ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff))/Es >=0.6 ssc / Es
=
= 141.50 - 0.50 2.50 x
0.01083
= 0.0000898 200000
Section in tension, Hence Cracked
>= 0.000424 >=0.6 σsc / Es

(esm-ecm) = 0.000424
Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm)
= 0.188 mm < 0.3 Moderate

Section in tension, Hence Cracked (As per Table 12.1 of IRC-112)
Safe
mm
1.07
Moderate
Table 12.1 of IRC-112)
b) Stem
Concrete Grade fck = 25.00 Mpa

Steel Grade Fy = 500.00 Mpa
Concrete Modulus Ec = 30000.00 N/mm2
Steel Modulus Es = 200000.00 N/mm2
Service Stage Moment = 104.10 kNm
Allowable crackwidth wadm = 0.3 mm
Section depth d = 500 mm
Section width bt = 1000 mm
Minimum cover cmin = 40 mm
Bar spacing s = 150 mm
Bar diameter f = 16 mm
Effective depth h = 452 mm
Area of steel As = 1340 mm2
Modular Ratio (Short
Term) = 6.66666667
Serviceability Limit State(SLS)
Stress Level
Moment of Inertia
of cracked section = bt*xu^3/3+m*As*(d-xu)^2
Icr = 1.41E+09 mm4
Stresses are calculated for Maximum bending moment
in concrete ( σcc) =
6.02 < 9.00 MPa Safe
stress in steel ( σsc) = m*Ms(d-xu)/Icr
182.79 < 300.00 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width
where spacing of
bonded
reinforcement with
in the tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
<= 5*(40+16/2)
<= 240 mm
Case 1: Spacing of bonded

reinforcement with in the
tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2)
150.00 <= 240
bond propoerties k1 = 0.8 for deformed bars

k2 = 0.5 for bending
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max (3.4c)+(0.425k1k2ф)/ρp.eff Eqn 12.8
= 379 mm
Ac,eff ieffective area of concrete in tension surrounding the reinforcement, of depth
hc,eff, where hceff is lesser of 2.5(h-d), (h-x)/3 or h/2.
hc,eff 120 mm or 139.5 mm or 250
Therefohc,eff 120 mm
Ac,eff = 120000 mm2
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff
=
= 0.01117
Case2 :the spacing of bonded reinforcement
or
No bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone > 5*(C+ф/2)
Actual Spacing = 150.00 < 240 mm
Maximum crack spacing Sr,max = 1.3 (d-XU)

= 481.80 mm Not Applicable
Maximum of maximum cracking

spacing Sr,max = 378.86 mm
Factor dependent on the duration of the load (kt)

= 0.5
(esm-ecm) = (ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff))/Es >=0.6 ssc / Es
=
= 182.79 - 0.50 2.50 x
0.01117
= 0.0003128 200000
Section in tension, Hence Cracked
>= 0.000548 >=0.6 σsc / Es

(esm-ecm) = 0.000548
Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm)
= 0.208 mm < 0.3 Moderate

Section in tension, Hence Cracked (As per Table 12.1 of IRC-112)
Safe
mm
1.07
Moderate
Table 12.1 of IRC-112)
Reinforcement Details for of Return wall:
1 Base raft:
a) Heel Slab (Longitudinal direction)
Provide 12 mm dia 150 C/C at top as main rod

Provide 12 mm dia 150 C/C at bottom
b) Toe slab (Longitudinal direction)
Provide 12 mm dia at 150 C/C at bottom as main rod

Provide 12 mm dia at 150 C/C at top
Distribution steel (Transverse direction)
Provide 10 mm dia at 200 C/C at top and bottom
2 Stem:
Provide 16 mm rod @ 150 c/c Vertically on Earth face at bottom taper section
Provide 12 mm rod @ 150 c/c vertically on Earth face at top uniform section
Provide 12 mm rod @ 150 c/c vertically on Other face
Provide 10 mm rod @ 200 mm spacing in horizontal direction on both the faces
Design of Retaining wall
I) Response spectrum method: ( As per IRC 2014 )
Z Sa I
Horizontal seismic coefficient Ah = 2 g R
Z= Zone factor as given in Table-7 = 0.16
I= Importance factor = 1.2
T= Fundamental period of the bridge member (in sec) for horizontal vibrations
(Refer Appendix - 2)
R= Response reduction factor = 3
Sa/g = Depending upon fundamental period of vibration T as given in fig:12

= 2.5
Ah = 0.16
2 x 2.5 x 1.20 = 0.24 = 0.08
3
Av = 2 x 0.08 = 0.0533
3
Calculation of earth pressure coefficient : (Seismic Case)
Co efficient of earth Pressure

Considering earthquake forces.
ca = 1 + av x cos 2 (f - l - a) 1
cos l cos 2 a cos ( d + a + l) 1 + sin (f + d) sin (f - β - l) 1/ 2
cos(a- β) cos ( d + a + l
where, an = Vertical Seismic co - efficient equal to = ah

2
ah = Horizontal seismic co - efficient
l = tan - l ah
1 + an
f = angle of internal friction of soil = 30
a = angle which earth face of the wall makes the vertical = 1.40
β = slope of earth fill = 0
d = angle of friction between the wall and earth fill = 20
(I) Seismic Co - efficient method:- ah = 0.08 av = 0.05
Calculation of l :-
l = tan - 1 ah = tan - 1 0.08
1 + an 1+ 0.05
= tan - 1 0.08 = 4.83

0.95
Kaseis = 1 + 0.05 x cos 2 30 - 4.83 - 1.40 x

cos 4.830 Cos 2 0 x cos 20 + 1.4 + 4.83
1
1+ sin ( 30 + 20 ) x sin ( 30 - 0 - 4.83
cos ( 1- 0 ) x cos ( 20.0 + 1.4 + 4.83
= 0.882 x 1 2
0.8938 1 + 0.6028
Kaseis = 0.384 x cos 20 = 0.361

2
1
sin (f + d) sin (f - β - l) 1/ 2
cos(a- β) cos ( d + a + l)
)
)
Design of Retaining Wall
(Seismic Case)

2
Moment due to active pressure = 90.25 x 0.42 x 5 =
Equivalent height of live load surcharge = 1.2 m height of earth as per CL - 710.6.9 of IRC - 7
Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 43.30 x 5 =

2
iii) Crash Barrier:
Force due to Crash barrier = 0.31 25 1 = 7.75 KN

EP 189.53 90.25 1.00 189.53 90.25
LLSC 108.25 43.30 1.20 129.90 51.96
Total 319.43 142.21

Design of stem: (Seismic Case)

2
Equivalent height of live load surcharge = 1.2 m height of earth as per CL - 710.6.9 of IRC - 7

2
iii) Crash Barrier:
Force due to Crash barrier = 0.31 25 1 = 7.75 KN
Total horizontal force = 73.10 + 39 = 112.10 KN

EP 138.16 73.10 1.00 138.16 73.10
LLSC 87.75 39.00 1.20 105.30 46.80
Total 243.46 119.90

Uniform section of Stem:
Moment due to active earth pressure = 0.5 0.361 x 20 x 2.5 2 x 0.42
= 23.691 KN.m
Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.361 x 20 x 1.2 x 2.5 x 2.5
2
= 27.075 KN.m
Total moment = 50.766 KN.m

EP 23.69 22.56 1.00 23.69 22.56
LLSC 27.08 21.66 1.20 32.49 25.99
Total 56.18 48.55

90.25 KN
189.53 KN.m
43.30 KN
108.25 KN.m
73.10 KN
138.16 KN.m

39.00 KN
87.75 KN.m
x 2.5
Stability Calculation for one metre run of the wall: (Seismic Case)
ah = 0.08 av = 0.05
Vertical
S.No Description Lever arm (m)
load (KN)
1 Stem :
(i) 0.45 x 4.5 x 1 x 25 50.63 1.425
(ii) 0.5 x 0.05 x 2 x 1 x 25 1.25 1.667
(iii) 0 x 0 x 1 x 25 0.00 1.65
(iv) 0.5 x 0 x 0 x 1 x 25 0.00 1.6500
Seismic (i) 2.70 1.425
Seismic (ii) 0.07 1.667
Seismic (iii) 0.00 1.65
Seismic (iv) 0.00 1.6500
2 Base slab:
(i) 3.65 x 0.3 x 1 x 25 27.38 1.825
(ii) 0.65 x 0.2 x 1 x 25 3.25 1.45
(iii) 0.5 x 1.875 x 0.2 x 1 x 25 4.69 2.4
(iv) 0.5 x 1.125 x 0.2 x 1 x 25 2.81 0.75
Seismic (i) 1.46 1.825
Seismic (ii) 0.17 1.45
Seismic (iv) 0.15 0.75
3 Earth fill:
(i) 1.2 x 1.5 x 1 x 20 36.00 0.6
(ii) 1.95 x 4.5 x 1 x 20 175.50 2.675
(iii) 0.5 2 2 x 0.05 x 1 x 20 2.00 1.683
(iv) 0.05 x 2.5 x 1 x 20 2.50 1.675
3.75 3.025
0.00 0.375
Seismic (i) 1.92 0.6
Seismic (ii) 9.36 2.675
Seismic (iv) 0.13 1.675
0.20 3.025
0.00 0.375
4 Crash Barrier:
0.31 x 25 x 1 7.75 1.845
Seismic Force 0.41 1.845
5 Moment due to live load surcharge pressure. - -
6 Moment due to earth pressure. - -

334.44
LOAD COMBINATION FOR FOUNDATION (SLS load factors)
When the live load will be on span, the next train of load on embankment will be atleast 20m away from the backsid
dirt wall, Hence there will be no surcharge pressure effect on abutment when live load will be on span.
Check for Pressure Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting

Stem : 62.81 KN 93.25 KNm
Base slab: 40.16 KN 71.67 KNm
Soil Dead load 231.47 KN 537.16 KNm
Earth Pressure H 90.25 KN 189.53 KNm
Live load Surcharge H 43.30 KN 108.25 KNm
Total 334.44 KN 133.55 KN 297.78 KNm 702.07 KNm

IRC 78-2014 Cl 706.3.4

Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 1.5
Overturning Moment
= 702.1 = 2.36 safe

297.8
Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force > 1.25
Horizontal Force
= 334.44 x 0.50 = 1.252 safe

133.55
z = MR-MO
P
Z = 404.29 = 1.21
334.44
e= b - Z = 3.7 1.21
-
2 2
= 0.615 m < b = 3.65 = 0.610

6 6
Not safe
P = W 1 ± 6e = 334.44 1 ± 6
b b 3.65
= 91.63 1 ±
Pmax = 184.26 KN/m2 < 300
Pmin = -1 KN/m2 < 0
Hence safe
Since the Pressure are found to be within Limits, the retaining wall is Safe under this condition.

(Combination for Equilibrium as per IRC:6-2014 Table 3.1)
Check for Pressu factors Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting

Stem : 0.95 59.67 KN 88.58 KNm
Base slab: 0.95 38.15 KN 68.08 KNm
Soil Dead load 0.95 219.90 KN 510.30 KNm
Earth Pressure H 1 90.25 KN 189.53 KNm
Live load Surcharg 1 43.3 KN 108.25 KNm
Total 317.72 KN 133.55 KN 297.8 KNm 666.97 KNm

Total Resisting moment 667.0 KNm
Total Overturning moment 297.8 KNm
IRC 78-2014 Cl 706.3.4

Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 1
Overturning Moment
= 667.0 = 2.24 safe

297.8
Check for Sliding = m x Vertical Force > 1
Horizontal Force
= 317.72 x 0.6 = 1.427 safe

133.55

(ULS load factors)
Check for Pressu factors Vertical Horiz Overturn Resisting

Stem : 1.35 84.79 Kn 125.88 Knm
Base slab: 1.35 54.22 Kn 96.75 Knm
Soil Dead load 1 231.47 Kn 537.16 Knm
Earth Pressure H 1 90.25 Kn 189.53 Knm
Live load Surcharg 0.2 8.66 Kn 21.65 Knm
Total 370.48 kn 98.91 T 211.2 knm 759.79 knm
Total Horizontal Load 98.91 Kn

Total Vertical Load 370.48 Kn
Total Resisting moment 759.8 knm
Total Overturning moment 211.2 knm
e= Z - b = 1.48 - 3.65
2 2
= 0.345 m < b = 3.65 = 0.610

6 6
Hence Safe
Design of toe slab: ± ±

±
Distance from
Vertical
S.No Description face of the
load (KN)
support (m)

121.21 x 1 x 1.20 145.45 0.600
Seismic 7.76 0.600

1 x 1.200 x 37.85 22.71 0.800
2
Seismic 1.21 0.800

i) 0.3 x 1.2 x 1 x 25 -9.00 0.600
ii) 0.075 x 0.2 x 1 x 25 -0.38 0.450
iii) 0.5 x 0.2 x 1.125 x 1 x 25 -2.81 0.038
Seismic (i) -0.48 0.600
Seismic (ii) -0.02 0.450
Seismic (iii) -0.15 0.038
Total 164.29
Design of heel slab:
Distance from
Vertical
S.No Description face of the
load (KN)
support (m)
1 Earth weight :-
1.95 x 4.5 x 1 x 20 175.50 0.975
0.50 x 1.88 x 0.20 x 1 x 20 2.00 0.70
Seismic (i) 9.36 0.98
Seismic (ii) 0.11 0.70
2 Self weight:-
0.5 x 1.950 x 25 x 1 24.38 0.975
Seismic Force 1.3 0.975

(i) 43.94 x 1.95 x 1 -85.68 0.98
(ii) 0.5 x 61.50 x 1.95 x 1 -59.96 0.33
Seismic (i) -4.57 0.98
Seismic (ii) -3.2 0.33
Total 59.24
Moment
(KN-m/m)
72.15
2.08
0.00
0.00
3.85
0.11
0.00
0.00
49.97
4.71
11.26
2.11
2.66
0.25
0.60
0.11
21.60
469.46
3.37
4.19
11.34
0.00
1.15
25.04
0.19
0.22
0.61
0.00
14.30
0.76
108.25
189.53
999.85
on embankment will be atleast 20m away from the backside of

t on abutment when live load will be on span.
m
x 0.62
3.65
1.011
KN/m2
KN/m2
m
Moment
(KN.m)
87.270
4.656
18.168
0.968
-5.400
-0.171
-0.105
-0.288
-0.009
-0.006
105.083
Moment
(KN.m)
171.11
1.40
9.13
0.08
23.77
1.27
-83.54
-19.79
-4.46
-1.06
97.92
BOX DESIGN - ULS CASE
ALL DISTANCES ARE IN M, STRESSES IN MPA, FORCES IN KN AND MOMENTS IN KNM

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE CHECK FOR MOMENT, SHEAR AND TORSION AS PER IRC:112-2011
Density Concrete (kn/cu.m) Stem fck 25 Mpa

Toe fck 25 Mpa
Heel fck 25 Mpa
Sectional Properties Stem Heel slab Toe Slab
Bottom Uniform At Face At Face of
Portion of stem stem
No. of webs 1 1 1 1
Width of Section, B (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Depth of Section, D (mm) 500 450 500 500
Area of section m2 0.500 0.450 0.500 0.500
Perimeter of Section (m) 3.000 2.900 3.000 3.000
Z bot of section m3 0.042 0.034 0.042 0.042
Z top of section m3 0.042 0.034 0.042 0.042
Width of Section m 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
Area of Section m2 0.500 0.450 0.500 0.500
Z bot of section m4 0.042 0.034 0.042 0.042
Z top of girder. m4 0.042 0.034 0.042 0.042
Z top of Composite m4 0.042 0.034 0.042 0.042
Grade of concrete =M
Grade of steel =FE
(fck) = 25.00
(fywk) = 500.00
Ten. strength of conc (fctm) = 2.20
Design yld of shear reinf fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 347.83
Part.mat. factor for conc (gm) = 1.50
Part. mat factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15
Ult. comp strain in the conc (єcu3) = 0.0035
Mod.Elas of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 240000
Mod.Elas of concrete (Ecm) = 30000
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 8.00
Ult.tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fywk/(gs xEs)}+0.002] = 0.0038
Coeff.of influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67
Factor (l ) = 0.80
Factor (h) = 1.00
.
fcd = (a*fck/gm) = 11.17
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 8.93
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.40
sc =fcm. ((kn-n^2)/(1+(k+2)n)
DESIGN OF SECTIONS
Stem Heel slab

Bottom Uniform At Face of
Description Unit
Portion stem
Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3
Width of staad member m 1.00 1.00 1.00
Design Shear KN 119.9 48.6 59.2
Design Moment(Sagging) KNm 243.5 56.2 97.9
Width of beam, B mm 1000 1000 1000

Depth of beam, D mm 500 450 500
No of layers 1 1 1
Dia of Main. Bar mm 16 16 12
cover to reinf. mm 40 40 75
Dia of Transverse bar mm 10 10 10
deff provided 442 392 409
Kav= M/(B*D*D*fav) Mom 1 0.139 0.041 0.066
Depth required dreqd = Ö(M/0.133 fck b) 271 130 172
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3)'mm'
Limiting Neu axis depth (x lim) mm 211.58 187.65 195.78
Stem Heel slab

Description Unit
Portion stem
Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3
Xu in mm for Mom 1 mm 65.5 16.3 27.5
Xu in mm for Mom 2 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0
IS Xu is less then the limiting Xulim Safe Safe Safe

Steel required, As for Mom 1 mm2 1347 335 566
Check for min reinft. Reqd.
Minimum Reinf.reqd = mm2 650 585 650
Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3

Check for Mom 1 (Earth face/Heel Top, Toe Bottom)
However Nos of bars required Nos 7 3 6
Provided Nos 7 3 6
Dia of bars mm 16 16 12
Nos Nos 7 3 10
Spacing of Bars mm 150 300 100
Reinf provided = mm2 1340 670 1131
Reinf provided is Unsafe Safe Safe
Neutral axis depth (x) mm 65 33 55
NA is Safe Safe Safe
Ult Moment of resistance of section = kNm 242 110 190
MR Unsafe Safe Safe
Check for Mom 1 (Other face/Heel Bottom, Toe Top Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3
Minimum Reinf.reqd = 0.13 % mm2 650 585 650
Nos Nos 7 7 10
Spacing of Bars mm 150 150 100
Reinf provided = 524 524 785
Reinf provided is Unsafe Unsafe Safe
Distribution Steel Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3

Minimum Reinf.reqd =0.13 % for both face mm2 325 293 325
Nos Nos 7 7 7
Spacing of Bars Designmm 150 150 150
Reinf provided = maximum 524 524 524
Reinf provided is shear Safe Safe Safe
force
Designthat
can
valuebeof
sustained
shear #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Design
by the
componen
value of
member
tshear
of force
n by
Check for Ultimate Shear Strength at Various X . in
componen (Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-20
crushing
compressi
MEd t of force
of
ontensile
area in
VRd,c in
Design shear resistance of member without shear reinforcement
compressi
case of
VRd,max reinforcem
on struts
inclined
ent in case
VRd,s Design
compressi shear force that can be sustained by yeilding of reinforce
of inclined
Vccd on chord
tensile
Vtd chord
VRd Design shear resistance of member with shear reinforcement
VRd VRd.s + Vccd +
VEd Design shear force at C/s due to external applied loads + prestre
VNs Net shear force in web at design section
VNs VEd -Vccd -Vtd -VPd
.
Stem Heel slab

Portion stem
. Sec1 Sec 2 Sec3
VEd 120 49 59
VPd 0 0 0
VNs 120 49 59
fck 25 25 25
fyk 500 500 500
K 1.673 1.673 1.673
d m 0.442 0.392 0.409
bw m 1.000 1.000 1.000
bwc m 1.000 1.000 1.000
Asl mm2 1864 1194 1916
Asc mm2 0 0 0
S = (Ay)c m3 0.125 0.101 0.125
I m4 0.010 0.008 0.010
scp MPA 0.0 0.0 0.0
fywd MPA 434.78 434.78 434.78
fcd MPA 11.17 11.17 11.17
fctd = fctk/gm 2.3 2.3 2.3
acw 1.000 1.000 1.000
n 0.540 0.540 0.540
r1 = 0.0042 0.0030 0.0047
q deg 45.0 68.0 68.0
.
For Elements not requiring shear reinforcement as per Cl. 10.3.2
VRd,c [0.12*K(80*r1*fck)^0.33 + 0.15scp] bw> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15
VRd,c kN 180.5 143.6 172.9
0.41 0.41 0.41
Vmin kN 148.2 131.4 137.1
VRd,c (for prestress) I*bwc / s * sqrt [ (fctd)^2+k1.scp.fctd]
VRd,c kN 0 0 0
VRd,c kN 180 144 173
VEd, < 1333 1182 1233
VEd, actual kN 120 49 59
Shear Reinforcement is . Not Reqd Not Reqd Not Reqd
.
.
NTS IN KNM
ER IRC:112-2011
Ec 30000
Ec 30000
Ec 30000
25 MPa
500 MPa
(.67 for cube/0.85 cylinder)

Toe Slab
At Face
of stem
Sec4
1.00
164.3
105.1
1000
500
1
12
75
10
409
0.070
178
195.78
Toe Slab
At Face
of stem
Sec4
29.6
0.0
Safe
609
650
Sec4
6
6
12
10
100
1131
Safe
55
Safe
190
Safe
Sec4
650
10
10
100
785
Safe
Sec4
325
10
7
150
524
Safe
#DIV/0!
Vide Cl:10.3 of I.R.C:-112-2011)
without shear reinforcement
ained by yeilding of reinforcement
with shear reinforcement

Vtd
ternal applied loads + prestressing
(-ve for downward; Ved is + downwards)
Toe Slab
At Face
of stem
Sec4
164
0
164
25
500
1.673
0.409
1.000
1.000
1916
0
0.125
0.010
0.0
434.78
11.17
2.3
1.000
0.540
0.0047
68.0
> (0.031.K^1.5.fck^0.5+0.15*scp) bw.d

172.9
0.41
137.1
0
173
1233
164
Not Reqd
Reinforcement Details for of Retaining wall: (Seismic Case)
1 Base raft:
a) Heel Slab (Longitudinal direction)
Provide 12 mm dia at 100 C/C at top as main rod

Provide 10 mm dia at 100 C/C at bottom
b) Toe slab (Longitudinal direction)
Provide 12 mm dia at 100 C/C at bottom as main rod

Provide 10 mm dia at 100 C/C at top
Distribution steel
Provide 10 mm dia at 150 C/C at top & bottom
2 Stem:
Provide 16 mm rod @ 150 c/c Vertically on Earth face at bottom taper section
Provide 16 mm rod @ 300 c/c vertically on Earth face at top uniform section
Provide 10 mm rod @ 150 c/c vertically on Other face
Provide 10 mm rod @ 150 mm spacing in horizontal direction on both the faces
Construction of ROB at L.C.47 in between
Guduvanchery-Singaperumalkoil Railway station
Factor Of Safety (FOS) for stability: (Seismic case)
FOS against Sliding = 1.25 (as per Cl 706.3.4 of IRC : 78 - 2000)
FOS against Overturning = 1.50 (as per Cl 706.3.4 of IRC : 78 - 2000)
i. Check for sliding : (Seismic Case)
μV > 1.5
H
Coefficient of friction μ = 0.5
Total Vertical load V = 334.44 KN
Total Horizontal force H = 133.55 KN
= 0.5 x 334.44
133.6
= 1.25 > 1.25
Hence safe in sliding
ii. Check for overturning:
MR > 2
MO
Horizontal seismic co-efficient ah = 0.08
Vertical seismic co-efficient av = 0.05
TNHD Mukesh & Associates

Construction of ROB at L.C.47 in between
Guduvanchery-Singaperumalkoil Railway station
Restoring
Lever arm
Vertical Moment
S.No Description from toe
load (KN) about toe
end (m)
(KN.m)
1 Stem:
0.45 x 4.5 x 1 x 25 50.63 1.425 72.15
0.5 x 0.05 x 2 x 1 x 25 1.25 1.67 2.09
0.5 x 0 x 0 x 1 x 25 0.00 2.45 0.00
0 x 0 x 1 x 25 0.00 1.20 0.00
Seismic (i) 2.70 1.425 3.85
Seismic (ii) 0.07 1.67 0.11
Seismic (iii) 0.00 2.45 0.00
Seismic (iv) 0.00 1.20 0.00
2 Earth on heel slab:

1.95 x 4.5 x 1.00 x 20 175.5 2.675 469.46
2.5 x 0.05 x 1 x 20 2.50 1.675 4.19
0.5 x 0.05 x 2 x 1 x 20 1.00 1.68 1.68
0.5 x 1.875 x 0.2 x 1 x 20 3.75 2.40 9.00
Seismic (i) 9.36 2.675 25.04
Seismic (ii) 0.13 1.675 0.22
Seismic (iii) 0.05 1.68 0.09
Seismic (iv) 0.20 2.40 0.48
3 Crash Barrier:
0.31 x 25 x 1 7.75 1.345 10.42
Seismic Force 0.41 1.345 0.56
4 Footing:
3.65 x 0.5 x 1.00 x 25 45.63 1.825 83.27
0.65 x 0.2 x 1 x 25 3.25 1.45 4.71
0.5 x 0.2 x 1.125 x 1 x 25 2.81 0.38 1.05
0.5 x 0.2 x 1.875 x x 1 x 25 4.69 3.03 14.19
Seismic (i) 2.43 1.825 4.44
Seismic (ii) 0.17 1.45 0.25
Seismic (iii) 0.15 0.38 0.06
Seismic (iv) 0.25 3.03 0.76
Total 314.69 708.07
MO = 0 KN.m
MR = 708.07 = ### m > 1.5 m

MO 0
Hence safe in Overturning
TNHD Mukesh & Associates

RCC Return Wall - 5.0m Height

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RCC Return Wall - 5.0m Height

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DESIGN OF RETURN WALL (5.

Sl. No Description Unit

1 Safe Bearing Capacity 200 KN / m2

3 Grade of Steel 500

4 Unit weight of Concrete(Dry) 25 KN / m2

5 Unit weight of earth (Dry) 18 KN /m3

6 Live Load Surcharge Pressure 1.20 m ht of earth fill.

7 Co efficient of Friction (cl-706.3.4 of IRC 78-2014 ) 0.50

8 Angle of internal friction, Ф 30 0

9 Angle of Wall friction, δ 20 0

10 Saturated weight of soil, γ 20 KN /m3

Live load surcharge pressure = Equivalent to 1.2m height of Earth fill

Co-efficient of earth pressure is computed as follows:

ka= sin 2 (a + f) cos δ

Wall angle a = 88.60 0

Angle of internal friction of back fill material f = 30 0

Angle of wall friction d = 2/3 f = 2 x 30

Safe bearing capacity = 200 KN/m3

ka= sin2 ( 88.6 + 30 ) cos 20

1200 500 1950

Dimension details of Return wall

50 1125 650 1875

i) Active earth pressure:

Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.272 x 20 x 5 x 5 =

Moment due to active pressure = 68.00 x 0.42 x 5.00 =

ii) Live load surcharge pressure:

Force due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.272 x 20 x 1.2 x 5 =

Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 32.60 x 5 =

Total horizontal force = 68.00 + 32.60 = 100.60 KN

Total moment = 142.8 + 81.50 = 224.30 KN.m

Design moment &Shear (Table 3.2 IRC 6-2017)

BM Shear ULS Factor Factored moment Factored Shear

Total 312.00 141.12

Factored Shear force = 141.12 KN

i) Active earth pressure:

Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.272 x 20 x 4.5 x 4.5 =

Moment due to active pressure = 55.08 x 0.42 x 4.50 =

ii) Live load surcharge pressure:

Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 29.40 x 4.5 =

Total horizontal force = 55.08 + 29.40 = 84.48 KN

Total moment = 104.1 + 66.15 = 170.25 KN.m

BM Shear ULS Factor Factored moment Factored Shear

Total 235.53 117.90

Factored Shear force = 117.90 KN

Uniform section of Stem:

Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.272 x 20 x 2.5 x 2.5 =

Moment due to active earth pressure = 0.5 0.272 x 20 x 2.5 2 x 0.42

Force due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.272 x 20 x 1.2 x 2.5 =

Total horizontal force = 17.00 + 16.30 = 33.30 KN

Design moment &Shear (Table 3.2 IRC 6-2014)

BM Shear ULS Factor Factored moment Factored Shear

Total 51.26 45.06

Factored Shear force = 45.06 KN

height of earth as per CL - 710.6.9 of IRC - 78-2014

height of earth as per CL - 710.6.9 of IRC - 78-2014

i) Active earth pressure:

Force due to Active earth pressure = 1 0.099 x 20 x 5 x 5 =

Moment due to active pressure = 24.75 x 1 x 2.45 =

ii) Live load surcharge pressure:

Force due to live load surcharge pressure = 0.099 x 20 x 1.2 x 5 =

Moment due to live load surcharge pressure = 11.90 x 2.45 =

Total horizontal force = 24.75 + 11.90 = 36.65 KN

Total moment = 60.64 + 29.16 = 89.80 KN.m

height of earth as per CL - 710.6.9 of IRC - 78-2014

Friction for foundation 0.50

Check for Overturning = Stabilising Moment > 1

= 691.4 = 2.22 safe