Introduction:
1. Concept of a peaceful society
Introduction:
1. Desirous human nature
2. Technological revolution
3. What is urbanization?
Conclusion
Democracy
“Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall
not perish from the earth.”, Abraham Lincoln.
“Many forms of government have been tried, and will be tried in this world of sin
and woe. No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed it has
been said that democracy is the worst form of Government except for all those
other forms that have been tried from time to time.”, Winston S. Churchill.
“Good governance never depends upon laws, but upon the personal qualities of
those who govern. The minimum utilization of the machinery and resources of
government bring maximum results in good governance.” ,Frank Herbert.
a. Mass Poverty
b. Extensive Corruption
c. Exponentially increasing population
d. Lack of education
e. Religious conflicts and sectarianism
f. Poor law and order situation
a. Unemployment explosion
b. Health deterioration
c. Infrastructure damage
d. Escalation in crime rate
e. Feeling of fear and frustration
f. Economic deterioration
a. Quality education
b. Progress for poverty alleviation
c. Employment through industrialization
d. Proper law enforcement agencies
e. Strict check on religious seminaries
f. Infrastructure reconstruction
“The United Nations rose from the ashes of destruction, and created a
magnificent vision for all of humankind: to save succeeding generations from the
scourge of war, and protect universal human rights”., F.D. Roosevelt.
Education
1. Multidimensional Education Systems in Pakistan (Government, Private and
Madarsaas)
A. Private Education Systems
Strengths
i. Higher student to faculty ratio
ii. Higher salary attracts more competent educators
iii. Higher collaboration with private corporations
iv. Flexible and expansive work Hours
v. More competition amongst private institutions
vi. More focus on extra-curricular activities
vii. Higher quality of research
Weaknesses
i. Range of students that can benefit is low
ii. Varying examination systems : Ed-excel , Cambridge , London Board
iii. Paucity of institutes in rural areas
C. Madrassa System
Strengths
i. Numerous institutes spread across the country
ii. Free education
iii. Provision of food as well as accommodation
iv. Religious learning
Weaknesses
i. No regulation of curriculum
ii. Basic level education with a narrow focus
iii. Different Madrassas propagate different ideologies
iv. Deprived from modern education
v. No defined career path
Problems/Hurdles
i. Lack of uniformity in education
ii. Parallel system of education
iii. Low literacy rate
iv. Higher dropout at primary level
v. Adult illiteracy
vi. Hostile socio-political environment
vii. Negligible enrollment at higher education
viii. Mass poverty
Causes:
i. Less importance to education
ii. Apathetical role of government
iii. Population explosion
iv. Lack of resources
v. Ineffective educational infrastructure
vi. Dogmatic curriculum
Causes:
1. Changing weather pattern
2. Indian invasions on Pakistan water resources
3. Poor management of existing resources
4. Sedimentation of existing reservoirs
5. Limited capacity of storage
6. Lining of water channels
7. Population explosion
Water Crisis and National Integration:
1. Inter-provincial disharmony
2. Ever decreasing agriculture output leads to economic disparity among
provinces and regions
3. Time and again floods and drought force migration that bring ethnic
issues
4. Severe shortage of agriculture and portable water in some areas weakens
nationalism
5. Encroachment of coastal areas leads to migration which brings many
socio-economic issues
6. Unemployment
Energy Issues
2. Global Energy Crisis (where do the resources exist and what strategies
are applied)
3. Pakistan Energy Crisis
II. Water(Capacity 147MAF; irrigated land is16 million hectors Acres, more
34 million hectors Acres of land available; Infrastructure -two huge water
reservoir,19 barrage,48 big irrigational canals,1 m tube wells)
III. Electricity(The electricity shortfall reached 4,760 megawatt while the
country is generating 13,240 megawatt of electricity and the current
demand is 18,000 megawatt)
I. Energy Generating Resources in Pakistan
i. Non-renewable energy sources
a. Thermal power
b. Nuclear energy
ii. Renewable/ Alternative Energy Sources
a. Wind energy
b. Hydel power
c. Solar energy
d. Energy from bio-mass
IV. Natural Gas: The gas supply-demand gap has reached 4 Billion Cubic
Feet per Day (BCFD) as total gas demand of the country is 8 BCFD against
total supply of 4 BCFD, reveals Economic Survey of Pakistan (IPI,TAPI,LNG
and International pipeline issues (Eastern Europe is dependent of Russian
Gas)
Measurements to Counter It
i. Use of renewable energy
ii. Energy conservation
iii. Reduction of greenhouse gases
iv. Saline resistance crops
v. Cyclone shelter
vi. Building of coastal
vii. Application of cc5 technology
viii. Forest planning
ix. Technology transfer
Media
Functions:
1. Mass Awareness2.Strengthen Democracy 3.Promotion of Tolerance
and Understanding 4.Attract the Attention of Policy Makers 5.Political
Economy
Current situation of Pakistan’s economy;
1. GDP 4.24%
2. GDP (PPP)
3. Per-capita Income
4. Current Budget
5. TAX
6. Part of health in GDP
7. GDP for Education
8. Population under poverty line
2. Strategies to develop economy
1) State-centric approaches
2) Liberal perspective and open market strategy
3) Privatization policy
4) Islamic system of economics and interest
Causes:
1. Injustice
2. Foreign invasion
3. Misinterpretation of religion
4. Fragile institution
5. Political instability
6. Illiteracy
7. Poverty
8. Ethnic difference
9. Unresolved disputes in the world
10.Clash of civilizations
Impacts:
1. Insecurity and uncertainty
2. Mass destruction
3. Lawlessness
4. Economic instability
5. Poor image among other nations
6. Isolation
7. Psychological effects
NATIONAL INTEGRATION
1) What is national integration?
2) Essentials of national integration.
3) Its benefits.
4) Historical background. (Pakistan emerged as an integrated state)
Causes of Disintegration
1. Absence of economic and social justice
2. Extreme political polarization
3. Continuation of old system of feudalism
4. Prolonged dictatorship
5. Dearth of visionary leadership
6. Provincialism and ethnicity
7. Mass poverty
8. Delay in constitution making